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Lecture 7

The document discusses water and steam injection methods for humidifying air streams in air conditioning systems. It includes equations for heat and mass balance, as well as examples demonstrating the calculations for the leaving state of moist air after steam injection. The results indicate that the change in dry bulb temperature (DBT) is minimal with steam injection, occurring along a line of constant DBT.

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9 views

Lecture 7

The document discusses water and steam injection methods for humidifying air streams in air conditioning systems. It includes equations for heat and mass balance, as well as examples demonstrating the calculations for the leaving state of moist air after steam injection. The results indicate that the change in dry bulb temperature (DBT) is minimal with steam injection, occurring along a line of constant DBT.

Uploaded by

abasouda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al-Mustaqbal University 2nd year / Air conditioning 1

Air conditioning and refrigeration Assist. Prof. Dr. Esam M. Mohamed


Technical Department 2023-2024

Lecture seven
Water injection.

The simplest case to consider and one that provides the moist insight into
change of state of the air stream subjected to humidification by the injection
of water is where all the injected water is evaporated. The following figure
shows what happens when total evaporation occur, air enters a spray chamber,
all injected water being evaporated, no falling to the bottom of the chamber to
run to waste or to be circulated. The feed water temperature is important to
release that since total evaporation has occurred. State 2, 3 and 4 must be lie
nearer to the saturation curve, but just how nearer will depend on the amount
of water injected. Two equations, a heat balance and mass balance, provide
the answer required:
h1+hw=h2
𝑚𝑎1 +𝑚𝑤 =𝑚2
W2=ma+mw the associated kg of dry air be ignored.
mw: the amount of feed water in kgw/kga flowing through the spray
chamber.
Applying the heat balance:

h1+hw=h2=(1.007DBT2 -0.026) + W2(2501 +1.84DBT2)

1
Al-Mustaqbal University 2nd year / Air conditioning 1
Air conditioning and refrigeration Assist. Prof. Dr. Esam M. Mohamed
Technical Department 2023-2024

Humidification by steam injection


Steam injection may be dealt with by consideration at a mass and energy
balance.
W2 = W1 + ms
ms: mass of steam injected in kg into one kg/s of dry air stream.
h2 = h1 + ms hs
The change of state takes place almost along a line of constant DBT between
limits defined by smallest and largest enthalpies of injected steam, provided
the steam is in dry saturated condition. The following figure shows the
possibility of steam injection.
The lowest possible enthalpy is for dry saturated steam at 100o C, the other
extreme is provided by the steam which has maximum enthalpy at 2804.2
kJ/kg, which is exist at 30 bar and 233.9o C.

2
Al-Mustaqbal University 2nd year / Air conditioning 1
Air conditioning and refrigeration Assist. Prof. Dr. Esam M. Mohamed
Technical Department 2023-2024

Example 1:
Dry saturated steam at 100o C is injected at a rate of 0.01 kg/s into a
moist airstream moving at a rate of 1 kg of dry air per second and
initially at a state of 28o C DBT, 12o C WBT and 101.325 kPa.
barometric pressure. Calculate the leaving state of moist airstream.

Solution:
from the psychrometric chart h1=33.2 kJ/kg W1=2.1 gw/kga
hg=2676.1 kJ/kg from table at (100oC and 101.325 kPa).
W2=2.1gw/kg d.a+(10gw/s /1kg d.a/s)=12.1gw/kga =0.0121kgw/kg d.a.
h2=33.2+0.0121x2676.1=65.58kJ/kg
65.58=(1.007 DBT2-0.026) + 0.0121(2501+1.84DBT2)
DBT2=34.34o C

3
Al-Mustaqbal University 2nd year / Air conditioning 1
Air conditioning and refrigeration Assist. Prof. Dr. Esam M. Mohamed
Technical Department 2023-2024

Example 2:
Dry saturated steam with maximum enthalpy is injected at a rate of 0.01 kgw/s
into a moist air stream moving at a rate of 1 kg of dry air per second and
initially at a state of 28o C DBT, 12o C WBT and 101.325 kPa barometric
pressure. Calculate the leaving state of moist airstream.
Solution:
From the psychometric chart h1=33.2 kJ/kg W1=2.1g/kga, the maximum
enthalpy of steam is 2804.2 kJ/kg at 30 bar and 233.9o C saturated.
W3 = W1 + 0.01kgw/s /1kg/s =0.0021+0.01=0.0121kgw/kg d.a
h 3 = h1 + W 3 * h g
h3=33.2+0.0121x2804.2=67.13kJ/kg
67.13=(1.007DBT3-0.026)+0.0121(2501+1.84DBT3)
DBT3=35.84o C
It can be seen from examples 1 and 2 for the range of states considered, the
change in DBT is not very great, so, we can conclude that, the change of state
following steam injection is up a line of constant Dry Bulb Temperature.

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