Thermal analysis using ANSYS Workbench Program

(DESIGN ENGINEERING/THEME DEVELOPMENT PROJECT EGC681)

Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering

6th Semester

Under the supervision of - Submitted by-

Mohd. Sharique Ahmad Ikhlas khursheed (2301337)
Assistant Professor Tawfeeq khursheed(2301338)
Department Of Civil Engineering . Dayalbagh Educational Institute

Wasiq imtiyaz (2301339)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech. Project
undertaken during B.Tech. Third Year. We owe special debate of gratitude of Mohd.
Sharique Ahmad, our supervisor and Assistant Professor of Civil Department in college,
Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra for his constant support and guidance throughout the
course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant
source of inspiration for us. It only his cognizant efforts that our endeavor has seen light of
the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Er. Sanjay Kumar
Shrivastava, Head of Department of Civil Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute,
Agra for his support and guidance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all
faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.

Signature

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report entitled "Design of a 30 MLD Sewage
Treatment Plant" which is submitted by Prateek Kushwah, Prince Pippal, Saurabh Kumar,
Vidhan Pratap Singh in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
Bachelor of Technology in Department of Civil Engineering of DEI, is a record of the
candidate own work carried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodied in this
report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date:

Mohd. Sharique Ahmad

Assistant Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering
Dayalbagh Educational Institute

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 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any
other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning except where
due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Date:19/03/2025
Signature
Ikhlas khursheed 2301337
Tawfeeq khursheed 2301338
Wasiq imtiyaz 2301339

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 Thermal analysis using ANSYS Workbench Program

Abstract:

Concrete structures are among the most common types of structural in the World, so
studying the behavior and collapse of these structures is one of the most important fields
of study. Failures occur in concrete structures because of many factors such as
earthquakes, explosions, landslides, fire, and other causes. Fires still represent a prime
threat to the safety of facilities and their investors, despite the development of fire control
methods in engineering facilities and residential buildings. As it's known that when the
heat reaches a material, it absorbs it, so this heat will change the properties of the material
and change its behavior, so understanding the behavior of materials at higher
temperatures is very necessary. An experimental and analytical study was performed on
models of reinforced concrete columns; to know the thermal distribution using the
thermocouple; that were installed at three points of the sample: (middle of concrete,
longitudinal reinforcement, and transverse reinforcement). The temperature was measured
at these points with time. By comparing the average experimental with analytical results
of the temperatures measured at the thermocouples (1, 2, 3), which represent (longitudinal
reinforcement, concrete, and transverse reinforcement), the percentage difference in the
results was (3.8) %. Therefore, it is possible to rely on the analytical model to know the
heat distribution at different temperatures and times rather than the experimental study.

Keywords: Temperature, thermocouple, thermal analysis, concrete, ANSYS Workbench.

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Introduction:
Given that fires can result in both initial human casualties and subsequent material and
economic losses, as well as other adverse effects, the vulnerability of structural concrete
to fire represents one of the crucial concerns that have to be investigated. Knowing how
heat is distributed inside structural elements is therefore crucial, especially in concrete
columns [1,2]. By using the necessary insulation methods, such as using paint, cement
mortar, or special materials for thermal insulation, we can take the necessary measures to
reduce the effect of heat on this structural element if we know the temperature, which is
expected to reach the center of the element. Consequently, in this research, the
temperature of three samples of concrete columns was measured at three locations
(concrete, longitudinal reinforcement, and transverse reinforcement). The samples were
modeled using the ANSYS Workbench program to compare analytical and experimental
results, where the difference between them reached 3.8%. As a result, the analytical
model substitutes the empirical, and we can modify a number of its parameters to address
other issues.

Importance of research:
Due to the significance of concrete columns in structural buildings, they were chosen as a
case study. The engineer can predict the failure load and the moment at which the failure
occurs by understanding the heat distribution in these columns and can then take the
required precautions before this happens.

Experimental study:
All experiments were performed in the casting and metal smelting laboratory at the
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Al-Baath University and the reinforced concrete
laboratory at the College of Civil Engineering at Al-Baath University as well.

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All required tests for the concrete and steel reinforcements, were performed on three
samples of concrete columns [3,4]. The thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete (k)
was measured using the Fourier theory [5] and the value of k was 1.72 w/m.c. The
compressive strength of concrete was 21.5 MPa, the tensile strength of longitudinal
reinforcement was 454 MPa, and the tensile strength of stirrups reinforcement was 430
MPa. Concrete samples were placed in an electric furnace, and exposed to heat from all
four sides, as shown in figure (1).

Figure (1): The electric furnace is supplied with a concrete sample.

A longitudinal and cross-sectional view of the column indicating the locations of the
temperature sensors is shown in figure (2). The sample's surface temperature was
measured using the electric laser shown in Figure (3), in order to produce a curve that
links the sample's temperature and oven temperature, based on how long the sample was
exposed to the fire. So it was possible to get the curve depicted in Figure (4).

Figure (2): A longitudinal and cross-section

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 Figure (3): A laser thermometer

Figure (4): Experimental temperature curve of the furnace and concrete surface

We established a relationship between the surface temperature and the amount of time,
figure (5), that it was subjected to fire using the Orign2019 program [6], and we input this
equation, into the ANSYS program, to perform thermal analysis.

Figure (5): the temperature of the concrete surface changing over time experimentally and in
accordance with the equation suggested

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Analytical study:
The finite element method was used to model a concrete column in Figure (6), and the
table (1) displays the thermal properties and elements that were used to perform out the
thermal analysis [7,8].

Figure (6): concrete and steel reinforcement model

Table 1. Thermal properties, elements used [9,10]

Density [Kg/m3] 2408
Specific heat [J]/ [Kg].[K] 1000
Concrete Solid70 Coefficient of thermal conductivity
1,72
[W]/ [m].[K]
Thermal expansion 1e-5
Density [Kg/m ]3
7850
Specific heat [J]/ [Kg].[K] 600
Reinforcement
Link33 Coefficient of thermal conductivity
steel 45
[W]/ [m].[K]
Thermal expansion 1,3e-5

Results of research:
The thermocouples (1, 2, and 3), which stand for longitudinal reinforcement, concrete,
and stirrup reinforcement, were used to measure temperature. Table (2) depicts the
average analytical and experimental results of these measurement techniques, and it is
crucial to note that the largest difference in the results is 3.8%.

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Table 2. Analytical and experimental results
thermocouple
Time (minute) 12 24 35 50 73 95 112 120
number

Experimentally 63.4 133.5 212 291.3 394.3 475 519 531

1
Analytically 62.5 136.9 208 285.3 388.2 467 516 535

Experimentally 23.8 59.5 107.3 178.6 284.3 378.2 426 460

2
Analytically 22 60.3 105.8 171 272.8 364.3 428 455.5

Experimentally 56 126.8 193.4 274.9 383.7 463.6 511.5 520.7

3
Analytically 64 135 199.3 277.2 379.5 458.3 507.3 527.1

The temperature response to the three points that represent the locations of the
thermocouples is represented experimentally and analytically in Figures (7, 8, and 9). The
three sites' analytical thermal response is depicted in Figure (10). We notice that the
thermal response of the first point is higher than that of the third point, because the first
point receives heat from two sides, while the third point comes from one side.

Figure (7): Point 1's temperature response

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 Figure (8): Point 2's temperature response

Figure (9): Point 3's temperature response

Figure (10): Analytical thermal response to the three points

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 We notice that the thermal response of the first point is higher than that of the third point,
because the first point receives the heat from two sides, while the third point receives the
heat from one side. Using the ANSYS Workbench program [10], Figures (11, 12) show
the thermal distribution of concrete, longitudinal, and stirrup reinforcing steel.

Figure (11): Concrete's thermal distribution

Figure (12): the thermal distribution of the stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement.

Results:
1- It has been found that an analytical model may simulate the experimental
model accurately, eliminating the requirement for experimental work and
resulting in cost, effort, and timesaving.

2- The failure and design load of the structural element can be calculated using
the thermal analysis results. So when temperature distribution in a structural
element is obviously envisioned as a result of thermal analysis, it is able to
quantify the carrying capacity of the element based on how the

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 properties of the materials that make up its composition change as the temperature
increases using the suggested relationships. Consequently, we can take the required steps
to protect the element from fire by applying a variety of insulation technologies.

Recommendations:
1- Creating a comparison between the results after exposing the samples to
flame exposures, rather than the high temperature in an electric oven.

2- Using cement mortar to insulate the samples, determining the amount of

heat diffusion in the concrete and steel reinforcement, and comparing the
results with the uninsulated samples to determine the effectiveness of the
insulation.

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Reference:
1. EC2 1992-1-2. Eurocode 2, "Design of Concrete Structures—Part 1-2, General rules—Structural Fire
Design," 2004.
2. ACI 216.1-14, "Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry
Construction Assemblies," 2014.
3. ASTM C39-72, ASTM E8M-13, ASTM C177-04, ASTM E1225-04, ASTM
International.
4. Ihssan Tarsha, Manar Takla, Effect of Fire on Confined Concrete Columns under Axial Loading, IISTE:
International Knowledge Sharing Platform, Vol.9, No.9, (2017).
5. Ihssan Tarsha, Manar Takla, Determination of failure load for structural elements exposed to fire and
comparison it to the design load according to isotherm500 method, Journal of Al- Baath University,
Vol.41, (2019).
6. program for graphing & analysis vergion 19.
7. L.N.K.Sai Madupu,K.S.Sai Ram, Repair of Fire Damaged Axially Loaded short RC columns Using
GFRP Wrap, Civil Engineering and Architecture 9(6):2039- 2054,2021.
8. N.A. Zakaria, R. Ismail, F.A.A. Zakwan, H. Ahmad, M.F. Rosle, M.H.M. Hashim,
R.S.M. Rashid, Numerical investigation of fully confined RC column with carbon fiber reinforced
polymer when exposed to fire, Published by Elsevier Ltd, 2022.
9. Manar Takla, Ihssan Tarsha, Effect of Temperature on Carrying Capacity of Concrete Columns
Confined with Multi-layers of CFRP, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2020
10. ANSYS Workbench. Manuals, 2020.

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