Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Reliance Foundation School

Session: 2025-2026
Question Bank
SOCIAL SCIENCE (History)
CLASS-IX

FRENCH REVOLUTION
I. MCQ
1. What did the term ‘Old Regime’ mean?
(a) History of France before 1789 A.D.
(b) Administration of France before 1789 A.D.
(c) Society and institutions of France before 1789 A.D.
(d) France after the revolution
2. The most important of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobility:
(a) Right to collect dues
(b) Ownership of land
(c) Participate in wars
(d) Exemption from taxes to the state
3. Many Jacobins came to be known as the ‘sans-culottes.’ What does it mean?
(a) People without knee breeches
(b) People with black shirts
(c) People with black trousers
(d) People without shirts
4. What was the effect of the rise of population of France from about 23 million in 1715 to 28
million in 1789?
(a) Education became difficult
(b) Rapid increase in the demand for foodgrains
(c) Housing problem occurred
(d) All of the above
5. Which of the following refuted the doctrine of divine and absolute right of Monarch?
(a) John Locke
(b) Rousseau

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 (c) Montesquieu
(d) Voltaire
II. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): In many ways, the French Revolution was a significant event in the history of
the world.
Reason (R): The French Revolution not only inspired French citizens to act, but it inspired
many philosophers and leaders across the globe.
2. Assertion (A): During the eighteenth-century France witnessed the emergence of a middle
class.
Reason (R): The emergence of the middle class happened on account of royal patronage.
3. Assertion (A): The French Resolution was an influential event that marked the age of
revolutions in Europe.
Reason (R): The French Revolution transferred the sovereignty from the people to the
monarch.
4. Assertion (A): The representatives of the First Estate viewed themselves as spokesmen of
the whole French nation.
Reason (R): They enjoyed certain privileges by birth.
5. Assertion (A): The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror.
Reason (R): The members of the Jacobian club belonged to the less prosperous section of
society.
III. Very short Answer questions.
1. What was the ‘Subsistence Crisis’ which occurred frequently in France?
2. Who wrote the pamphlet called ‘What is the Third Estate’?
3. What was ‘Estates General’?
4. Name the most successful ‘political club’ which became a rallying point for people who
wished to continue the Revolution in France.
5. Why was the Bastille hated by all?
6. What form of government was in practice in France in 1789?

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 7. Who stormed the Bastille, the fortress prison during the last years of the 18th century?
8. When was the fortress prison, the Bastille demolished by the people?
9. What were Tithes and Taille?
10. Who refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the Monarch?
11. Who authored the book ‘Two Treatises of Government’?
12. Which book has proposed a division of power within the government?
13. The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of which social groups in France
14. Who in France, was given the status of active citizens?
15. Which term was used in France for the newly elected assembly in 1791?
16. Name the pamphlet written by Abe Sieyes.
17. Why were women disappointed by the Constitution of 1791?
18. What was the main object of the National Assembly in France while drafting the
Constitution in 1791?
19. Who were the ‘Sans-culottes’?
20. Name the National Anthem of France. Who composed it?
21. Write the names of two prominent revolutionary women of France.
22. Name the famous women’s clubs of France.
23. Which was the most revolutionary social reform in the Jacobin regime?
IV. Short Answer questions.
1. What were the causes of the empty treasury of France under Louis XVI?
2. Describe the incident which took place in the morning of 14 July 1789 in France.
3. Social disparity was one of the major causes of the French revolution, justify.
4. Describe the key features of French constitution of 1791.
5. What laws were introduced by the revolutionary government to improve the lives of
women in France?
6. What is subsistence crisis? Mention two factors responsible for this in France?
7. A growing middle class in France during the 18th century envisaged an end to privileges.’
Analyze the statement.
8. Who was entitled to vote in France as per the Constitution of 1791, framed by did National
Assembly? State any three rights given to the people by the Constitution.
9. On the night of 4th August 1789, a decree was passed by the French National Assembly.
Describe the three main changes brought down by the decree.
10. State any three major reforms taken by the Robespierre government in France.

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 11. How was the taxation policy responsible for the French Revolution?
12. Give the reason for a walkout from the assembly of Estates-General by the members of 5
May 1789. What two steps were taken by the members of Third Estate after walking out?
13. Highlight the three laws enforced by Napoleon to modernize France.
14. Describe any three consequences of the French Revolution on France.
15. How were the ideas of liberty and equality brought into practice by the revolutionary
government? Explain.
16. Describe effects of the abolition of censorship in France in 1789.
V. Long Answer type question
1. Examine the economic conditions of France before 1789.
2. List any five reasons that led to the subsistence crisis in France during the Old Regime.
3. Describe the contribution of the French philosophers in the outbreak of the Revolution of
1789.
4. “The inequality that existed in the French society in the Old Regime became the cause of
the French Revolution.” Justify the statement by giving three suitable examples.
5. How were ancient regime and its crises responsible for the Revolution of 1789 in France?
6. State the events that led to the formation of the National Assembly.
7. Explain any five features of the Constitution of 1791, framed by the National Assembly in
France.
8. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
9. Mention any five symbols which came up during the French Revolution and explain their
significance.
10. Which period in the history of France is known as ‘The Reign of Terror’? Explain the
reasons.
11. Describe any five efforts made by Maximillian Robespierre to bring equality in the French
society.
12. Why were the policies taken by the leader of Jacobin Club considered as Policy of severe
control and punishment?
13. Examine the change brought about in the life of women by the Revolutionary Government
of France.
14. Write about the condition of women of the third estate in France before the French
Revolution, of 1789.

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 15. “One of the most revolutionary social reforms of the Jacobins regime was of slavery in the
French colonies.” Justify the statement.
16. ’Ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of the French
Revolution.” Explain the statement in light of the French Revolution.
17. How was the French Revolution responsible for social changes?
VI. VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1. The French Revolution popularized many symbols. Each symbol depicted some basic
values. Mention any five such symbols and related values.
2. “The French Revolution in 1789 had a long-lasting impact on the world with regards to
various rights and freedom.” In the light of the above statement describe the values that
you see in the French Constitution of 1791
VII.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

I. MCQ
1. The leader of the Bolshevik party was
(a) Stalin
(b) Lenin
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Louis Blanc
2. Which among the following groups was against any kind of political or social change?
(a) Nationalists
(b) conservatives
(c) liberals
(d) radicals
3. Which of the following factors made autocracy unpopular in Russia?
(a) The German origin of the Tsarina Alexandra
(b) Poor advisors like the Monk Rasputin

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 (c) The huge cost of fighting in the World War I
(d) Both (a) and (b)
4. What were the demands made by the workers in St. Petersburg who went on a strike?
(a) Reduction of working time to eight hours
(b) Increase in wages
(c) Improvement in working conditions
(d) All the above
5. Jadidists were ………………… within the Russian empire.
(a) Muslim reformers
(b) Muslim educationists
(c) Parsi reformers
(d) German refugees
II. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): Liberals opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers.
Reason (R): They supported universal adult franchise.
2. Assertion (A): Stalin wanted to eliminate Kulaks.
Reason (R): He wanted to run agriculture on the industrial lines.
3. Assertion (A): The Bolsheviks were in favor of private property.
Reason (R): They nationalised industry and banks.
4. Assertion (A): Russia was called as a Capitalist State after the Russian Revolution.
Reason (R): All industries & property were nationalised in Russia after the Russian
Revolution.
5. Assertion (A): The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party had to operate as an illegal
organization.
Reason (R): All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914.
III. Very short Answer questions.
1. Why did some liberals and radicals become revolutionaries in France, Italy, and Russia
etc.?
2. What were the ideas of ‘conservatives’ regarding social change in the 19th century?

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 3. In order to develop societies, liberals and radicals believed in
4. The procession of workers to the Winter Palace was attacked by the police killing
100 workers. This incident is called
5. What was ‘Duma’?
6. Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
7. Why was St. Petersburg, the German name of a Russian city, renamed as Petrograd?
8. In the context of Russia who launched the slogan- ‘‘Peace, Land and Bread’’?
9. Who started ‘Collectivisation Programme’ in Russia?
10. In the context of Russia, what was ‘KULAK’?
11. The Jadidists of Russia aimed that:
12. Who led the procession of workers to the event ‘Bloody Sunday’ in Russia?
13. Who was the advisor of Tsarina Alexandra?
14. The commune of farmers was known as:
15. Why did a lockout take place at a factory on the right bank of the river Neva on 22
February 1917?
16. By the mid-19th century in Europe, the idea which attracted widespread attention
on the restructuring of society was …
17. Who conspired in Italy to bring about a revolution?
18. The people who wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in
Europe (in 1815) were called …
IV. Short Answers
1. How can you say that the ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats?
2. What were the demands made by the workers in St. Petersburg who went on a strike?
3. How should society, according to liberals and radicals, develop?
4. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday.’
5. Why were socialists against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills?
6. Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken?
7. What was the basic principle of the Marxist theory?
8. What was the impact of the First World War on the Russian economy?
9. Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to improve the agriculture and economy of
Russia.
10. Why did the Kerensky government become unpopular in Russia?
11. What were the three main changes observed after October Revolution in Russia?

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 12. “By the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the
USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russian Revolution.”
Why was this said?
V. Long Answer type question
1. What was Lenin's April Theses? Why were some members of the Bolshevik Party surprised
by the April Theses? What made them change their attitude? What were the main
objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries?
2. Explain how a society, according to socialists, can operate without property. What would
be the basis of a socialist society?
3. Discuss Stalin’s collectivisation programme.
OR
What was Collectivisation? How did Stalin use this programme?
4. What were the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution?
5. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
6. Comment on the global influence of the Russian Revolution.
VI. HOTS QUESTIONS:
1. How did Russia's participation in the World War cause the fall of the Tsar?
2. Comment on the role of Vladimir Lenin in the revolution and his contribution to
the economic policy
VII. Map work
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/Identification)
Major countries of First World War (Central Powers and Allied Powers)
• Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
• Allied Powers - France, England, (Russia), America

NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER

I. MCQ
1. Which incident led to the start of World War II?
(a) German invasion of Switzerland
(b) German invasion of Poland
(c) Russian invasion of Germany
(d) Japan’s sinking of ship at Pearl Harbor
2. What gave Nazi state its reputation as the most dreaded criminal state?

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 (a) Extra-constitutional powers were given to the newly organised forces like Gestapo, the SS
and SD
(b) People could be detained in Gestapo torture chambers and sent to concentration camps
(c) No legal procedures were there for the arrested people
(d) All the above
3. What was Hitler’s historic blunder and why?
(a) Attack on Soviet Union in 1941 was a historic blunder by Hitler
(b) He exposed his western front to British aerial bombing
(c) The Soviet Red Army inflicted a crushing and humiliating defeat on Germany at Stalingrad
(d) All the above
4. When and among which countries was the Tripartite Pact signed?
(a) 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan
(b) 1939, Germany, Austria, and USSR
(c) 1940, England, France, and USA
(d) 1938, England, Germany, and USSR
5. What did the term ‘Evacuation’ mean?
(a) Living in separately marked areas called ghettos
(b) Deporting people to gas chambers
(c) Arrested without any legal procedures
(d) Detained without due process of law
II. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): Weimer Republic was not received well by its own people.
Reason (R): It was not democratically elected.
2. Assertion (A): On 3rd March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed.
Reason (R): This Act established dictatorship in Germany.
3. Assertion (A): Nazi ideology believed in equality of people.
Reason (R): The Youth League of the Nazi was founded in 1922.
4. Assertion (A): he First World War had a devastating impact on Germany.

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 Reason (R): It was forced to sign the harsh and humiliating Versailles Treaty.
5. Assertion (A): Jews remained the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany.
Reason (R): They were classified as undesirable.
III. Very short Answer questions.
1. Who was assigned the responsibility of economic recovery by Hitler?
2. Name the German parliament.
3. By what name was the National Socialist German Workers’ Party known later.
4. Which incident started the process of Second World War?
5. What do you mean by Holocaust?
6. Why did Helmut’s father kill himself in the spring of 1945?
7. Why did the Nuremburg Tribunal sentence only 11 Nazis to death for such a massive
genocide?
8. Who was called the ‘November criminals?
9. The National Assembly met at Weimer and decided to establish…….
10. What was ‘Dawes Plan’?
11. What was the slogan coined by Hitler when he followed his aggressive foreign policy?
12. Which incident led to the start of World War II?
13. According to the Nazis, which people were to be regarded as desirable?
IV. Short Answers
1. What steps did Hitler take to systematically destroy democracy?
2. What were the main features of the Economic Depression of 1929?
3. State three ways in which the world came to know about the Holocaust.
4. The First World War left a deep imprint on European society and polity, Explain.
5. Mention any three inherent defects of the Weimar constitution.
6. What steps were taken by Hitler to reconstruct Germany?
7. Describe what happened to Germany after its defeat in the First World War.
8. Explain the following terms:
(a) A Racial State (b) Propaganda (c) Jung Volk
9. Why is Nazism considered a calamity not only for Germany but for the entire
Europe?
10. ‘In my state the mother is the most important citizen.’ Discuss this statement made by
Hitler.
11. What happened in schools under Nazism?
V. Long Answer type question
1. Explain any five factors responsible for the meteoric rise of Hitler.

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 2. Explain Hitler’s foreign policy.
3. How was language and media used by Nazi regime to popularize their ideology?
4. Give reasons why the Weimar Republic failed to solve the problems of Germany?
5. Why was Nazism considered to be a negation of both democracy and socialism?
6. Describe the main provisions of Treaty of Versailles
VI. HOTS QUESTIONS:
1. How did the ordinary Germans react to Nazism?
2. How did Hitler use scientific principles to further his ideology? Why was it incorrect?
3. What was the promises made by Hitler to people of Germany?
VII. MAP WORK
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/Identification)
Major countries of Second World War
• Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allied Powers – UK, France, Former USSR, USA
Territories under German expansion (Nazi power)
• Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia (only Slovakia shown in the map), Denmark,
Lithuania, France, Belgium
Forest society and colonialism
I. MCQ
1. The system of scientific forestry stands for:
(a) system whereby the local farmers were allowed to cultivate temporarily within a
plantation
(b) system of cutting old trees and plant new ones
(c) division of forest into three categories
(d) disappearance of forests
2. Colonial rulers considered forests as unproductive because:
(a) the forests were not fit for habitation
(b) forest had wild grown trees only
(c) forest did not yield revenue to enhance income of the state
(d) forests were full of wild animals
3. Why did the colonial government decide to ban shifting cultivation?
(a) To grow trees for railway timber
(b) When a forest was burnt, there was the danger of destroying valuable timber
(c) Difficulties for the government to calculate taxes

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 (d) All the above reasons
4. What was the ‘scorched earth’ policy followed by the Dutch in Java during the First and the
Second World Wars?
(a) Dutch weapons were destroyed on the land of Java
(b) The earth was exploited further to grow more trees
(c) Huge piles of giant teak logs were burnt, and sawmills destroyed
(d) Cutting trees was strictly prohibited for everyone.
5. The Forest Act meant severe hardship for the villagers across the country, because:
(a) Cutting wood, grazing cattle, collecting fruits, roots, hunting, and fishing became illegal
(b) People were forced to steal and if caught, they had to pay bribes to the forest guards
(c) Women who collected firewood were harassed by guards
(d) All the above
II. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): In 1890s, Surontiko Samin a Teak Forest Villager began questioning state
ownership of the forest.
Reason (R): He agreed that the state had created the wind, water, earth, and wood, so it
could own it.
2. Assertion (A): The Colonial Power in Indonesia were the British.
Reason (R): Like the British, the Dutch Wanted timber from Java to build ships.
3. Assertion (A): Forest Management had a significant impact on shifting cultivators.
Reason (R): This type of cultivation also made it difficult for the government to calculate
taxes.
4. Assertion (A): The spread of Railway from the 1850s created a new demand.
Reason (R): Railway were essential for colonial trade and for the Movement of Imperial
troops.
5. Assertion (A): Hunting was a sport for the British but Indians who hunted were labelled as
poachers.
Reason (R): In most cases, forests in India were widely reserved for hunting purposes of
the British.
III. Very short Answer questions.
1. In which year, The Indian Forest Service was set up.
2. Who was Surontiko Samin?
3. What was ‘Bandongdiensten’ system?

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 4. What do you mean by Scientific forestry?
5. Who were the colonial power in Indonesia?
6. Who authored the book ‘The Forests of India’ in the year 1923?
7. How much of India’s landmass was under cultivation in 1600?
8. What was the ‘scorched earth’ policy followed by the Dutch in Java during the First and the
Second World Wars?
9. What were ‘forest villages?
10. Who were ‘Kalangs’ of Java?
11. Wooden planks laid across railway tracks to hold these tracks in a position are called:
IV. Short Answers
1. Describe scientific forestry.
2. What were the measures taken by the people of Bastar to protect forests and the
environment?
3. What is shifting agriculture? Why was it regarded as harmful by the British?
4. Explain why the Dutch adopted the ‘scorched earth policy’ during the war.
5. How did the forest rules affect cultivation?
6. What did Dietrich Brandis suggest for the improvement of forests in India?
7. Why was the railway network spread by the British in India from 1850s onwards? Why was
there a need for forest timber for the spread of railways?
8. Why were the people of Bastar dissatisfied with the forest policies of the British?
9. Who were the Kalangs? Why did they attack the Dutch forts at Joana?
10. Give three ways in which forests in India and Java were affected by the first and second
world wars.
11. Discuss in brief the Saminist movement of Indonesia
12. What was the impact of regulation of trade in forest products by the British government in
India?
V. Long Answer type question
1. Describe the causes of deforestation in India under the colonial rule
2. Discuss the rise of commercial forestry under the colonial governments.
3. How did the new forest laws affect the forest dwellers?
4. How was colonial management of forests in Bastar similar to that of Java?
5. Where is Bastar located? Discuss its history and its people
6. Who was appointed as the first Inspector General of Forests in India? Explain any three
reforms introduced by him.
7. Why did the people of Bastar rise in revolt against the British? Explain.

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 8. How did the transformation in the forest management during the colonial period affect the
following? (a) Pastoral communities (b) Shifting cultivators
VI. HOTS QUESTIONS:
1. How did the First World War and the Second World War affect forests?
2. What contemporary trends and developments have affected the forestry of today?

Pastoralist in the Modern World

I. MCQ
1. Which of the following statements best explains pastoralist nomads?
(a) The villagers who move from one place to another
(b) The people who do not have a permanent place to live in
(c) The herders who move from one place to another looking for pasture for their herd
(d) The people who visit many places for enjoyment
2. According to the ‘Wasteland Rules’
(a) uncultivated lands were taken over and given to select individuals
(b) these individuals were granted various concessions and encouraged to settle these lands
(c) some of them were made headmen of villages in the newly cleared areas
(d) all the above
3. How was the authority of both elders and warriors adversely affected by the British efforts
to administer the affairs of the Maasai?
(a) The British appointed chiefs of different sub-groups of Maasai
(b) These chiefs were made responsible for the affairs of the tribe
(c) The British imposed various restrictions on raiding and warfare
(d) All the above
4. The colonial Government in India in 1871 enacted an Act. Name it.
(a) Forest Conservation Act
(b) The Criminal Tribal Act
(c) The Scientific Forestry
(d) The Tribal Act
5. Which of the following is the immediate impact of the colonial rule on the life
of the pastoralists?
(a) Their grazing ground increased
(b) They were paid rent free land
(c) Their agriculture stock increased
(d) Their grazing ground shrunken, and their agricultural stock, trade and crafts were

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 adversely affected.
II. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): The Forest Acts changed the lives of Pastoralists.
Reason (R): They were not Prevented from entering many forests that had earlier provided
valuable forage for their cattle.
2. Assertion (A): With the onset of the Monsoon the Dhangars left the Konkan and the
coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry Plateau.
Reason (R): The sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
3. Assertion (A): Not all Pastoralists operated in the mountains.
Reason (R): They were also to be found in Plateaus, Plains and Deserts of India.
4. Assertion (A): According to the criminal Tribes Act of 1871 pastoralists were classified as
criminal tribes.
Reason (R): Pastoralists were viewed by Europeans as savage and dangerous.
5. Assertion (A): In pre-colonial period, the Maasai pastoralists were rich economically and
politically.
Reason (R): The British colonial government encouraged cultivation and pasture lands
were converted into cultivated fields.

III. Very short Answer questions.

1. Name some pastoral communities in the Himalayas.
2. What were the Wasteland Rules?
3. What does the word ‘Maasai’ mean?
4. Name some pastoral communities of the central plateau of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
5. Name some pastoral communities of Africa.
IV. Short Answers

1. Who were the Dhangars? What were their occupations? Why were they continuously on
the move?
2. Who are pastoral nomads? Explain the lifestyle and occupational activities of pastoral
nomads of deserts of Rajasthan.
3. Describe the social division of the Maasais.
4. How did the British carry out the administration of the Maasais?

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 5. What factors had to be kept in mind by the pastoralists in order to survive?
6. Where did the Gaddi shepherds live? Describe the seasonal movement of the Gaddis.
7. Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the
advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
8. What are some of the problems that pastoralists face in the modern world? How have
these groups adapted to modern times?
9. Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in white areas. Explain its impact on the
pastoralists of Africa.
10. How do Gujjar Bakarwals spend their life on the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir?
11. How did the British officials view nomadic people? What did they do to control them?
V. Long Answer type question
1. Discuss how the life of pastoralists in India changed dramatically under the colonial rule.
2. How did the pastoralists cope with the serious shortage of pastures? Explain
3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
4. Who were the Dhangars? Give a brief assessment of their movement.

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