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04 Power System Analysis

This document outlines the concepts of the bus admittance matrix and Kron reduction in power system analysis. It explains how to calculate load flow in systems with multiple buses, detailing the relationships between currents, voltages, and power. The document also provides guidelines for constructing the bus admittance matrix and includes examples for practical application.

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Dalilul Falihin
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3 views

04 Power System Analysis

This document outlines the concepts of the bus admittance matrix and Kron reduction in power system analysis. It explains how to calculate load flow in systems with multiple buses, detailing the relationships between currents, voltages, and power. The document also provides guidelines for constructing the bus admittance matrix and includes examples for practical application.

Uploaded by

Dalilul Falihin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TKEE176202 Power System Analysis

Week 4-5:Bus Admittance Matrix


and Kron Reduction

Department of Electrical and Information


Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada
Course Outline

1. Bus admittance matrix


2. Kron reduction
Bus Admittance Matrix
Introduction: Load flow Calculation

• How to calculate load flow


with many buses?
• Find Current, Bus Voltage,
Voltage drop, Active and
reactive power ?
Introduction

• A typical power system consists of hundreds of buses or nodes


representing generators and loads; interconnected by transmission lines
• Generators inject power (P and Q) into the system, while loads draw
power from generator
• VAR generator devices such as capacitors or synchronous condensers
may be installed at some buses
• The surplus power at some of the buses is transmitted to deficient buses
via transmission lines
• This phenomenon affects the entire system in terms of voltage changes,
power flow changes, etc
• We need network models which can describe this phenomenon
Network Model Formulation

• We will learn a network model known as the bus admittance matrix or 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠
• We will learn the reciprocal of Ybus known as the bus impedance matrix or 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 =
−1
𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠
• 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 relates the nodal voltages to the currents that flow into and out of a network
using the admittance values of circuit branches
• Used to form the network model of an interconnected power system
• This phenomenon affects the entire system in terms of voltage changes, power
flow changes, etc.
• 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 is commonly used for load-flow study
Network Model Formulation

• Consider one-line diagram of the following system

Some assumptions:
• Transmission lines are sufficiently represented as a short (series impedance) or
medium (nominal 𝜋 model) line models
• The load can be treated as negative generation and lumped with generator. Hence,
for the 𝑖 𝑡ℎ bus, the net power injection:

where 𝑆𝐺𝑖 = 𝑃𝐺𝑖 + 𝑗𝑄𝐺𝑖 and 𝑆𝐷𝑖 = 𝑃𝐷𝑖 + 𝑗𝑄𝐷𝑖 denote the power supplied by the
generator and drawn by the load, respectively.
Network Model Formulation

• Equivalent power injection is used for each bus; injecting 𝐼𝑖


• One resource always should be connected to the ground. Without this, 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠
becomes singular and hence constructing 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 from 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠
−1
is not possible
• The series line impedance is converted into the corresponding series admittance
• The line admittance between bus i and k is denoted as
−1 −1
𝑦𝑖𝑘 = 𝑦𝑘𝑖 = 𝑧𝑖𝑘 = 𝑧𝑘𝑖
• The shunt admittance can be lumped, which can include lumping the generator
admittances after converting them into Norton model and loads modelled as
constant impedance
Network Model Formulation

I1 I2

I3 I4
Network Model Formulation

Rearranging and rewriting in matrix form


Network Model Formulation

• In standard form

• Or 𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑗 = 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠 . With 𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑗 is current injection to the buses, 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠 = bus
voltages, 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 = bus admittance matrix
• Equating the terms
𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 building rules

• Square matrix with dimensions equal to the number of buses


• Convert all network impedances into admittances
• Diagonal elements known as self admittance or driving point admittance:
𝑛
𝑌𝑖𝑖 = ෍ 𝑦𝑖𝑗 𝑗≠𝑖
𝑗=0

• Off-diagonal elements known as mutual admittance or transfer


admittance

𝑌𝑖𝑗 = 𝑌𝑗𝑖 = −𝑦𝑖𝑗

• Matrix is symmetrical
• For a large power system, it is sparse, i.e. a significant number of
elements are zero
Example
Example
Example
PR
1. Buatlah matriks Y bus dari sistem berikut :

2. Tentukan persamaan arus, admitans dan tegangannya dengan basis 100 MVA.
Nilai impedans dalam per unit.
Acknowledgement

The material in this lecture is adopted from:


• Power System Analysis (Hadi Saadat)
• Modern Power System Analysis (D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath)

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