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LIGHT REFLECTION NOTES

Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and has a maximum speed of 3x10^8 m/s, creating shadows. Reflection occurs when light rays bounce back into the same medium, governed by the laws of reflection. The document also discusses types of images formed by mirrors, including real and virtual images, and details the properties and uses of concave and convex mirrors.

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15 views

LIGHT REFLECTION NOTES

Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and has a maximum speed of 3x10^8 m/s, creating shadows. Reflection occurs when light rays bounce back into the same medium, governed by the laws of reflection. The document also discusses types of images formed by mirrors, including real and virtual images, and details the properties and uses of concave and convex mirrors.

Uploaded by

librainfratech899
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIGHT

- It is a form of energy that enables us to see.

- Light always travels in straight line.

- Light makes shadow. Without light Shadow is not possible.

- Light has the maximum speed in this world. Its value is 3x108 m/s.

Reflection

Coming back of light rays to the same medium when they fall on a

surface.

Laws of Reflection

1) Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection

2) Incident ray, normal at the point of incidence are

reflected ray all lie in the same plane.

Normal

Types of Images

1) Real images are inverted

2) A real image is formed by

Convex lens and Concave

Mirror

3) These are formed on

Screen

4) These are formed due to

actual intersection of rays


5) Example -

1) Virtual images are Erect

(Straight)

2) A virtual image is formed

by Plane Mirror and

Convex Mirror, Concave

Lens

3) These are not formed on

Screen

4) These are formed due to

imaginary intersection of

rays.

5) Example -

Real Image Virtual Image

Types of Mirrors

1) Plane Mirror

- Object and Image are at equal distance from Plane Mirror.

- If object is real, then image will be virtual and vice versa.

- Size of image is equal to size of object.

Lateral Inversion – The right side of the object appears left

side of the image and vice-versa.

Uses - Looking Glass, Periscope, Kaleidoscope etc.


Looking Mirror Kaleidoscope

2) Spherical Mirror

- Whose reflecting surfaces are spherical.

a) Radius of Curvature (R) - Distance between Pole and the

Centre of Curvature.

b) Centre of Curvature (C) - Centre of that imaginary sphere

of which, mirror is part.

c) Pole (P) – It is the mid-point of its reflecting surface.

d) Principal Axis – Line joining Pole and Centre of Curvature.

e) Focus (F) – Point on principal axis where all the parallel

light rays actually meet or appear to meet after reflection.

f) Aperture – Effective diameter of the spherical mirror.

g) Focal Length (f) – Distance between Pole and the Focus.

Focal Length = Centre of Curvature

Types of Spherical Mirrors -

RAY DIAGRAMS

Some Rules –

1) A ray parallel to principal axis, will pass through the Focus

after reflection.

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

2) A ray passing through principal focus of concave mirror will


emerge parallel to principal axis after reflection.

3) Ray passing through Center of Curvature of a Concave mirror

gets reflected back in same path.

4) The Incident and Reflected rays make equal angles with

Principal Axis.

Image

Position – At ‘F’

Nature – Real, Inverted

Size – Very Small

Image

Position – Between ‘F’ and ‘C’

Nature – Real, Inverted

Size – Small

CONCAVE MIRROR

1) Object placed at Infinity

2) Object placed behind Center of Curvature

Image

Position – At ‘C’

Nature – Real, Inverted

Size – Same Size

Image
Position – Beyond ‘C’

Nature – Real, Inverted

Size – Big Size

3) Object placed at Centre of Curvature

4) Object placed between Focus and Centre of Curvature

Image

Position – At Infinity

Nature – Real, Inverted

Size – Very Big Size

Image

Position – Behind Mirror

Nature – Virtual, Erect

Size –Big Size

5) Object placed at Focus

6) Object placed between Focus and Pole

Position of

Object Position of Image Size of Image Nature of Image

At Infinity At the focus F Very Small Real and Inverted

Beyond C Between F and C Small Real and Inverted

At C At C Same Size Real and Inverted


Between C and F Beyond C Big Real and Inverted

At F At Infinity Very Big Real and Inverted

Between F and P Behind mirror Big Virtual and Erect

Uses of Concave Mirror –

1) Shaving mirror, torch, dentists, solar furnace

Dentists using Concave Mirror Solar Furnace

Image

Position – At ‘F’

Nature – Virtual, Erect

Size – Very Small Size

Image

Position – Between ‘P’ and ‘F’

Nature – Virtual, Erect

Size – Small Size

CONVEX MIRROR

1) Object placed at Infinity

2) Object placed between Infinity and Pole

There are only two possible positions for Object


Position of

Object Position of Image Size of Image Nature of Image

At Infinity At the focus F,

Behind the mirror Very Small Virtual and Erect

Between Infinity

and Pole

Between P and F,

Behind the mirror Small Virtual and Erect

Uses of Convex Mirror -

1) Rear view mirrors in vehicles because they always give an

erect image and have wider field of view as they are

curved outward.

2) Big convex mirrors used in front of Schools, Buildings,

Shops.

Convex Mirror in front of School Car Mirror

Sign Convention

1) Object is placed to the left of mirror.

2) All distances parallel to principal axis are measured from pole

of the mirror.

3) Pole is origin.

4) Principal axis is x-axis.

- Object Distance = ‘u’ is always negative.


- Focal Length of concave mirror = Negative.

- Focal Length of convex mirror = Positive.

Mirror Formula

f Focal length

v Image distance

u Object distance

Magnification

It is the ratio of the height of image to the height of object.

m=

hi

ho

= -v

hi height of Image

ho height of Object

If
m = - ve Image will be Real and Inverted

m = + ve Image will be Virtual and Erect(Straight)

1) When light ray goes

from denser to rarer

medium it bends away

from normal.

REFRACTION

Change in path of a light ray as it passes from one medium to

another medium is called Refraction of Light.

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