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Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings

CHAPTER 6: BLOCK CIPHER OPERATION

TRUE OR FALSE

T F 1. Once the plaintext is converted to ciphertext using the

encryption algorithm the plaintext is then used as input and the
algorithm is applied again.

T F 2. There are no practical cryptanalytic attacks on 3DES.

T F 3. A mode of operation is a technique for enhancing the effect of a

cryptographic algorithm or adapting the algorithm for an
application.

T F 4. The XTS-AES standard describes a method of decryption for data

stored in sector-based devices where the threat model includes
possible access to stored data by the adversary.

T F 5. S-AES is the most widely used multiple encryption scheme.

T F 6. Given the potential vulnerability of DES to a brute-force attack, an

alternative has been found.

T F 7. A number of Internet based applications have adopted two-key

3DES, including PGP and S/MIME.

T F 8. The sender is the only one who needs to know an initialization

vector.

T F 9. A typical application of Output Feedback mode is stream oriented

transmission over noisy channel, such as satellite communication.

T F 10. Cipher Feedback (CFB) is used for the secure transmission of

single values.

T F 11. Cipher Block Chaining is a simple way to satisfy the security

deficiencies of ECB.

T F 12. It is possible to convert a block cipher into a stream cipher using

cipher feedback, output feedback and counter modes.

T F 13. Cipher Feedback Mode conforms to the typical construction of a

stream cipher.
Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings

T F 14. OFB mode requires an initialization vector that must be unique to

each execution of the encryption operation.

T F 15. The XTS-AES mode is based on the concept of a tweakable block

cipher.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In the first instance of multiple encryption plaintext is converted to __________

using the encryption algorithm.

A. block cipher B. ciphertext

C. S-AES mode D. Triple DES

2. Triple DES makes use of __________ stages of the DES algorithm, using a total of
two or three distinct keys.

A. nine B. six

C. twelve D. three

3. Another important mode, XTS-AES, has been standardized by the __________

Security in Storage Working Group.

A. IEEE B. ISO

C. NIST D. ITIL

4. The _________ and _________ block cipher modes of operation are used for
authentication.

A. OFB, CTR B. ECB, CBC

C. CFB, OFB D. CBC, CFB

Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings

5. __________ modes of operation have been standardized by NIST for use with
symmetric block ciphers such as DES and AES.

A. Three B. Five

C. Nine D. Seven

6. The output of the encryption function is fed back to the shift register in
Output Feedback mode, whereas in ___________ the ciphertext unit is fed back
to the shift register.

A. Cipher Block Chaining mode B. Electronic Codebook mode

C. Cipher Feedback mode D. Counter mode

7. The simplest form of multiple encryption has __________ encryption stages and
__________ keys.

A. four, two B. two, three

C. two, two D. three, two

8. The __________ algorithm will work against any block encryption cipher and
does not depend on any particular property of DES.

A. cipher block chaining B. meet-in-the-middle attack

C. counter mode attack D. ciphertext stealing

9. The __________ method is ideal for a short amount of data and is the
appropriate mode to use if you want to transmit a DES or AES key securely.

A. cipher feedback mode B. counter mode

C. output feedback mode D. electronic codebook mode

Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings
10. _________ mode is similar to Cipher Feedback, except that the input to the
encryption algorithm is the preceding DES output.

A. Cipher Feedback B. Counter

C. Output Feedback D. Cipher Block Chaining

11. “Each block of plaintext is XORed with an encrypted counter. The counter is
incremented for each subsequent block", is a description of ___________ mode.

A. Cipher Block Chaining B. Counter

C. Cipher Feedback D. Electronic Codebook

12. The __________ mode operates on full blocks of plaintext and ciphertext, as
opposed to an s-bit subset.

A. CBC B. ECB

C. OFB D. CFB

13. Because of the opportunities for parallel execution in __________ mode,

processors that support parallel features, such as aggressive pipelining,
multiple instruction dispatch per clock cycle, a large number of registers, and
SIMD instructions can be effectively utilized.

A. CBC B. CTR

C. ECB D. CFB

14. __________ mode is suitable for parallel operation. Because there is no

chaining, multiple blocks can be encrypted or decrypted simultaneously.
Unlike CTR mode, this mode includes a nonce as well as a counter.

A. OFB B. S-AES

C. 3DES D. XTS-AES

15. Both __________ produce output that is independent of both the plaintext and
the ciphertext. This makes them natural candidates for stream ciphers that
encrypt plaintext by XOR one full block at a time.

A. CBC and ECB B. OFB and CTR

C. ECB and OFB D. CTR and CBC

Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings

SHORT ANSWER

1. The__________ is a technique in which an encryption algorithm is used multiple

times.

2. The most significant characteristic of __________ is that if the same b-bit block
of plaintext appears more than once in the message, it always produces the
same ciphertext.

3. A __________ is a technique for enhancing the effect of a cryptographic

algorithm or adapting the algorithm for an application, such as applying a
block cipher to a sequence of data blocks or a data stream.

4. Five modes of operation have been standardized by NIST for use with
symmetric block ciphers such as DES and AES: electronic codebook mode,
cipher block chaining mode, cipher feedback mode, __________, and counter
mode.

5. One of the most widely used multiple-encryption scheme is __________ .

6. "The input to the encryption algorithm is the XOR of the next 64 bits of
plaintext and the preceding 64 bits of ciphertext" is a description of __________
mode.

7. The simplest mode of operation is the ___________ mode, in which plaintext is

handled one block at a time and each block of plaintext is encrypted using the
same key.

8. The requirements for encrypting stored data, also referred to as ___________ ,

differ somewhat from those for transmitted data.

9. The __________ block cipher mode of operation is a general purpose block

oriented transmission useful for high speed requirements.

10. "Input is processed s bits at a time. Preceding ciphertext is used as input to

the encryption algorithm to produce pseudorandom output, which is XORed
with plaintext to produce next unit of ciphertext", is a description of the
_________ mode of operation.

11. The _________ must be a data block that is unique to each execution of the
encryption operation and may be a counter, a timestamp, or a message
number.
Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, by William
Stallings

12. A __________ cipher can operate in real time and eliminates the need to pad a
message to be an integral number of blocks.

13. Hardware efficiency, software efficiency, preprocessing, random access,

provable security, and simplicity are all advantages of __________ mode.

14. The plaintext of a sector or data unit is organized in to blocks of 128 bits. For
encryption and decryption, each block is treated independently. The only
exception occurs when the last block has less than 128 bits. In that case the
last two blocks are encrypted/decrypted using a ___________ technique instead
of padding.

15. The __________ standard describes a method of encryption for data stored in
sector-based devices where the threat model includes possible access to
stored data by the adversary. Some characteristics of this standard include:
the ciphertext is freely available for an attacker, the data layout is not
changed on the storage medium and in transit, and the same plaintext is
encrypted to different ciphertexts at different locations.
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