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Basic-Calculus-Q4-Week-2-SSLM

This document is a self-learning module focused on computing the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical, exponential, and trigonometric functions. It includes theorems, examples, and exercises to help students understand and apply antiderivative concepts. The module is part of a Basic Calculus curriculum and provides structured learning objectives and references.

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peaxhii
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10 views4 pages

Basic-Calculus-Q4-Week-2-SSLM

This document is a self-learning module focused on computing the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical, exponential, and trigonometric functions. It includes theorems, examples, and exercises to help students understand and apply antiderivative concepts. The module is part of a Basic Calculus curriculum and provides structured learning objectives and references.

Uploaded by

peaxhii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CALCULUS 11

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 4 Week: 2 MELC: Computes the general antiderivative of polynomial,


radical, exponential, and trigonometric functions.
STEM_BC11I-IVa-b-1
➢ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: Basic Calculus Learner’s Material
➢ Chapter: 3 Pages: 227-236 Topic: General Antiderivative of Polynomial,
Radical, Exponential, and Trigonometric functions
➢ Objective: To compute the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical,
exponential, and trigonometric functions.

Let Us Discover

This Simplified Self-learning Module (SSLM) will help you understand how to
compute the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical, exponential, and
trigonometric functions.
ANTIDERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
Theorem on Antiderivatives
1. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑛+1
2. If n is any real number and 𝑛 ≠ −1, then ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1 + 𝐶
3. If a is any constant and f is a function, then ∫ 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
4. If f and g are function defined on the same interval,
∫(𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

Example. Determine the antiderivatives of the following:

1. ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 2. ∫ 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥 3. ∫(12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Solution: We will use the theorems to determine the antiderivatives.


1. Using (1) and (3) of the theorem, we have ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 𝐶.
𝑥 6+1 𝑥7
2. Using (2) of the theorem, we have ∫ 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ +𝐶 = + 𝐶.
6+1 7

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021


3. Using (2), (3) and (4) of the theorem, we have
12𝑥 3 3 2𝑥 2
∫(12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 12 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 3
+ 2
+ 𝐶 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝐶.

ANTIDERIVATIVES OF FUNCTIONS YIELDING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS &


LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

In this lesson, we will present basic formula for integrating functions that yield
exponential and logarithmic functions.

Let us first recall the following derivation formulas.

1. 𝑑𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
2. 𝑑𝑥(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎
1
3. 𝑑𝑥(𝑙𝑛 𝑥 ) = 𝑥

Because antidifferentiation is the inverse operation of differentiation, the following


theorem should be immediate.

Theorems on yielding the exponential and logarithmic functions

1. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑎𝑥
2. ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑎 + 𝐶 . Here, a > 0 with a ≠1.
1
3. ∫ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥

Example: Find the integrals of the following functions.


1. ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 ) + 𝑑𝑥
2
2. ∫ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution: We will use the theorem to determine the integrals.


1. Using (1) and (2) of the theorem, we have
2𝑥
∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫( 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫(2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛2
+ 𝐶.
2 1
2. Using (3) of the theorem, we get ∫ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ln|𝑥| + 𝐶.

ANTIDERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
Theorems of Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions
1. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
3. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
4. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝐶
5. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝐶
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021


Example: Determine the antiderivative of the following.
1. ∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑣𝑑𝑣
Sin 𝑥
4. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
1. Using (1) and (2) of the theorem, we have
∫(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − (cos 𝑥) + 𝐶 = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

2. Using (4) of the theorem. Since we know that 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 , then
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (csc 2 − 𝑙) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ csc 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶

3. Using (3) of the theorem. Since 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣 − 1, we have ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 =
∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣 − 𝑣 + 𝐶

4. Using (5) of the theorem, we have

sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

5. Using (6) of the theorem, we have


cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ . 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cot 𝑥 csc 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 sin 𝑥

Let Us Try

Evaluate the following integrals.


1. ∫ 4𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 4 −𝑥
2. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
𝑥
3. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ 7𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
5. ∫ 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021


Let Us Do

Integrate the following.

3
1. ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 4𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 2𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ 7 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5. ∫ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let Us Apply

If the marginal cost function for a week of a certain product is 𝑀𝐶 = 4𝑥 + 100.


The fixed cost associated to the product amounting to ₱500 per week, find the total cost
for week.

References

Basic Calculus Learner’s Material Pages 227 – 236

SSLM Development Team


Writer: John G. Mahusay
Evaluator: Marjohn C. Mantawil
Illustrator: John G. Mahusay
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics: Zaida N. Abiera
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

GSC-CID-LRMS-ESSLM, v.r. 02.00, Effective April 21, 2021

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