LEVERAGING IoT-BASED TECHNOLOGY FOR

PRECISION WATER MANAGEMENT IN

AGRICULTURE
Krushna Varat, Sudhanshu Wagh
Department of Electronics and Tele-communication, Savitri-Bai Phule , Pune University
Pune University, India
Email: [email protected]

Abstract—Inefficient irrigation makes water scarcity worse in

farming, leading to waste, soil damage, and lower crop yields, efficiency. IoT included different types of sensors, electronic
especially in dry areas. using IoT technology to manage water devices network components, and software. IoT allows users
better is still limited because of technical, cost and practical to share their data on networks without human involvement
issues. This research aims to create an IOT based system that to increase productivity, and efficiency and to minimize the
improves water usage in Irrigation by using real-time data from problems in agriculture that are faced by the farmers, there is a
soil sensors, weather forecasts, and crop needs. The study uses a
multiphase approach, collecting data with IOT sensors, requirement to use the latest technology and techniques
analyzing it with machine learning, and implementing a smart known as the Internet of things. Nowadays farmers can get a
irrigation system. The system features an easy-to-use interface. lot of knowledge and information about the latest technology
allowing farmers to control irrigation schedules and it is and farming techniques through IoT. In IoT- based smart
adaptable to different crop, soil type and weather Condition.
farming, a system is built for monitoring the crop field with
This research presents an innovative IoT based precision
irrigation solution that tackles kay Issues like water the help of sensors (temperature, soil, moisture, etc.) and
conservation, sustainability and food security in agriculture automating the irrigation system. farmers can monitor their
Index Terms—Water Management Monitoring, IoT Sensors. fields from anywhere, anytime.

I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODOLOGY

Water scarcity is an increasingly daunting challenge by A. Desing and Development

agriculture, particularly in areas of limited or unreliable water The field would have to be equipped with an IoT sensor
resources. Reports show that traditional irrigation practices network to take readings on soil moisture, temperature, and
use excessive water; in their wake, soil degradation occurs humidity and send them directly to a center. In addition,
and crop yields drop off. Fixed irrigation methods in weather data from external forecasting services would have to
traditional practice abide by one set watering schedule without be integrated with the readings obtained from the soil sensors.
taking into account dynamic plant needs and variable A solid communication protocol such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or
environmental conditions. With the escalating agricultural LoRa for transmission of data from the sensor to a central
demands world- wide, the need for improved water system to be analyzed shall be established.
management measures becomes ever more urgent if only to
save water and ensure food security and sustainability. IoT- B. Data Collection and Processing
based systems could allow irrigation to be done by taking real- Collect real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, and
time data and making decisions based on that data: soil weather conditions, considering the variations that occur
moisture, weather fore- casting options, and crop needs. throughout the day. Clean and preprocess the collected data
However, despite its ocean of potentials, the widespread by removing any noise and ensuring accurate readings. Such
introduction and adoption of IoT technology in crop farming operations may include normalizing values, handling absent
faces high costs, technical barriers, and the infrastructure data, and filtering information that’s not relevant to the
require specialized means. This research tends to formulate subject.
a cost-effective and easy- to-use IoT-based precision
irrigation system that addresses these challenges, contributing C. Machine Learning and Model Development
to enhanced water efficiency and higher crop productivity. A
Employ machine-learning methods such as regression anal-
real-time data analysis system with machine learning solutions
ysis and decision trees on sensor data to predict optimal irriga-
for informing farmers will allow for better irrigation
tion needs based on live soil moisture levels, weather
management while conserving water and promoting
forecasts, and crop requirements. Model Ensure effective
sustainability.Agriculture water management system-based
prediction of irrigation schedules by training machine-learning
IoT saves time and money, by automating irri- gation
models with historical irrigation data and validating their
schedules, farmers can reduce labour costs and increase
accuracy through field trials.
 PIC16F877 Microcontroller, and transmitting the data using
IoT plays a major role in soil irrigation. sensing information
by a sensor is transmitted ADC. An ADC converts it from
analog to digital and transmitted the digital data to LCD and
IoT This is inbuilt into the PIC 16F877A microcontroller and
information display on the LCD of IoT as well as PC [5].
GSM is used in monitoring the condition of the soil and
controlling energy consumption. In this system, IOT plays a
vital role based on WSN for agriculture energy monitoring
systems in real-time. Optimization and modeling of
transmission schemes also increase the network lifetime[5].
This system provides an optimized model in the
transmission of information for the farmers to yield crops
more reliable with less cost . water management can be
identified using IoT which provides energy consumption [5]
IV. A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON WATER RESOURCE
Fig. 1. Machine Design MANAGEMENT USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES
This paper aims to review the studies related to using of
data mining techniques in the field of water resource sector
for water management. Presently, water Resource
Management has become the most challenging, interesting,
and fascinating domain around the world in the last many
years. The scientist tries to predict rainfall, Flood warnings,
water availability, Requirements, etc. based on huge available
metadata using various methods [10]. In this paper, they tried
to search the use of data mining techniques for predicting the
inflow, drought possibility, Weather report, rainfall,
Evaporation, temperature, wind speed, etc. This paper
Fig. 2. Block Diagram provides a survey of some literature and work done by the
researchers using various algorithms and modelings methods,
D. Smart Irrigation System Associations rules, classi- fication, clustering, Decision tree,
artificial Neural Networks, etc.. data Mining is a collection of
Design an autonomous irrigation system responding to wa-
techniques for efficient automated discovery of a previously
ter delivery given recommendations coming from the
unknown, valid, novel, useful and understandable pattern in
machine- learning models. The model will be designed to
large databases thus facilitating decision makers to make a
allow for adaptive irrigation scheduling specific to crops, soil
proactive, knowledge- drive decision [10]
types, and weather conditions. An easy-to-use, intuitive
In this survey, we found that the thinking offered by the
interface for users to monitor and control irrigation schedules
advent of computer technology is highly complementary to
should be designed. This software will be able to allow the
some of the goals of water management. Services delivered
adjustments of various parameters and inform and alert the
by technology are interactive, fast, and multi-dimensional. In
users of the performances of the system and the current status
this way, Data mining offers us a much-needed opportunity
of water usage.
to deliver scientific findings and information to stakeholders
E. Optimizing and Refinement and decision-makers for providing collective decision-making
Gather feedback regularly from farmers and check in on tools. An Integrated water management scale simulation
how the system has performed. Tweak and modify the system model may be built and it may serve as a core for water
from the analysis and feedback, assuring it considers various management design to provide a conceptual basis for
farming conditions. Make sure that the system is scalable to understanding the performance of the water management
cater for larger farms and for use in different agricultural system [10].
regions, making it a fitting solution for varied farming en- V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
vironments
A. Water Monitoring Interface
III. S ENSOR -BASED WATER MANAGEMENT USING IOT
The practical use of water management system which is
In this paper, the system provides modern tools to enhance installed in the city is evaluated and demonstrated in this
the workload of the farmers. Implementation of Global Sys- section. The declarative business processes in the context
tem for Mobile Communication(GSM) along with sensors, of water distribution systems having varying merits which
are also discussed here. The imperative process modelling
 Fig. 3. Water Monitoring Interference

Fig. 6. graphical representation of sensor readings

the notification when the plants watering condition is fulfilled.

Experiments are done and the results are obtained which are
tabulated in Table 4.2. For more clear vision, it is also shown
graphically

B. Comparison of the Proposed Technique with the Existing

Technique
The comparison of the results obtained by the proposed
technique is done with the existing technique for the vali-
dation purpose. This comparison shows the improvement of
Fig. 4. flow of water through pump 1
the proposed technique. The threshold values of temperature
and time are checked and compared with the state-of-the art
technique as tabulated in Table 4.3.
language is utilized for the traditional workflow management For better visualization and analysis, the comparison values
systems which are helpful for the standardized and modelling in terms of humidity and time are also represented graphically
static systems.Table 4.1 represents the data that updates the as shown in Fig 4.4. It is clear from the figure that the
water monitoring interface and it is also represented graph- humidity and time is less by the proposed technique.
ically. Flow of water through pump 1 is shown in Fig 4.1 The percentage improvement of the proposed technique is
and the water flow from the pump 2 is presented in Fig also calculated and the improvement of the proposed
4.2. The raw water sources, pump, pipes, stations, tanks technique is shown in terms of the humidity (percentage) and
and all other components are in the same layer (Physical) time (min- utes). The percentage improvement of the
which also contains water meters, IOT devices to measure proposed technique is tabulated in Table 4.4.
the pressure and volume in pipes andwater tank respectively. For proper validation and analysis purpose, the visual
Network sensors and actuators are connected to a gateway. graphical represented is presented in Fig 4.5. The percentage
The middleware layerprovides the storage, analysis, improvement over existing technique is shown graphically in
processing, and orchestrating services and the communication terms of humidity and time
between the two layers and also in IOT infrastructure of
VI. CONCLUSION
sensors and actuators.
To check whether the plants are irrigated or not, sensed The Agriculture monitoring System design is very simple
data is transmitted to server in four, five times in a day and to understand and handle. It can be operated by all age groups
the threshold values of temperature, humidity and moisture of farmers. It can be programmable to add more features. It
are checked with these values for the comparison. The user is user-friendly and can also be used by uneducated farmers.
got The use of IoT technology allows for real-time monitoring
and data collection. This can help to detect problems and
provide insight into the effectiveness of water management
practices this can help to improve water management
strategies, this system helps to improve crop yields and
provide real-time data for monitoring and analysis. However,
it is important to ensure that the system is properly installed
and configured and that security measures are in place. In
agriculture, the value of irri- gation water is dependent on the
Fig. 5. sensor readings
price of the crops produced,
economic research combined with a greater understanding of
water/irrigation governance provides the basis for optimism
that future advances in agriculture water management, partic-
ularly where it is embedded in integrated water management
and can lead to a more sustainable irrigation future despite
potential climate change and demand growth impact.
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