N5

FOR OFFICIAL USE

National
Qualications Mark
2021 ASSESSMENT RESOURCE
X807/75/01 Biology
Section 1 — Answer grid
and Section 2

Duration — 2 hours 30 minutes *X8077501*

Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.

Full name of centre Town

Forename(s) Surname Number of seat

Date of birth
Day Month Year Scottish candidate number

Total marks — 100

SECTION 1 — 25 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
Instructions for the completion of Section 1 are given on page 02.

SECTION 2 — 75 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
Write your answers clearly in the spaces provided in this booklet. Additional space for answers
and rough work is provided at the end of this booklet. If you use this space you must clearly
identify the question number you are attempting. Any rough work must be written in this
booklet. Score through your rough work when you have written your final copy.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give this booklet to the
Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
©

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 SECTION 1 — 25 marks

The questions for Section 1 are contained in the question paper X807/75/02.
Read these and record your answers on the answer grid on page 03 opposite.
Use blue or black ink. Do NOT use gel pens or pencil.

1. The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then fill in
the appropriate bubble (see sample question below).

2. There is only one correct answer to each question.

3. Any rough working should be done on the additional space for answers and rough work at
the end of this booklet.

Sample question
The thigh bone is called the
A humerus
B femur
C tibia
D fibula.

The correct answer is B — femur. The answer B bubble has been clearly filled in (see below).

A B C D

Changing an answer
If you decide to change your answer, cancel your first answer by putting a cross through it (see
below) and fill in the answer you want. The answer below has been changed to D.

A B C D

If you then decide to change back to an answer you have already scored out, put a tick (3) to the
right of the answer you want, as shown below:

A B C D A B C D

or

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 SECTION 1 — Answer grid

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A B C D

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

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 SECTION 2 — 75 marks MARKS DO NOT
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Attempt ALL questions MARGIN

1. The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures.

W X

Z Y

(a) (i) Using a letter from the diagram, identify one structure that would
also be found in an animal cell. 1

Letter
(ii) Choose one structure labelled in the diagram and state its function. 1

Letter

Function

(b) The table shows different types of cells and their average cell width.

Cell type Average cell width (µm)

onion epidermis 201

human liver 20

human egg 130

yeast 8

Bacillus bacterium 3

Calculate how many times wider an onion epidermis cell is than a

Bacillus bacterium cell. 1
Space for calculation

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2. Pieces of beetroot and rhubarb tissue were placed in different concentrations
of sugar solution. After 30 minutes, the number of plasmolysed cells in a
sample of 50 cells was counted under a microscope.
The results are shown in the table.

Concentration of sugar Number of plasmolysed cells

solution (mol/l) Beetroot Rhubarb

0·30 0 8

0·35 3 15

0·40 9 30

0·45 23 38

0·50 33 44

0·55 50 50

(a) Use the information in the table to

(i) identify the concentration of sugar solution in which 30% of the
rhubarb tissue cells are plasmolysed. 1
Space for calculation

mol/l
(ii) identify the concentration of sugar solution in the beetroot cells. 1

mol/l

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2. (continued)

(b) On the grid, complete the vertical axis and plot a line graph to show the
effect of concentration of sugar solution on the number of plasmolysed
rhubarb cells. 2
(An additional grid, if required, can be found on page 29.)

0·3 0·4 0·5 0·6

concentration of sugar solution (mol/l)

[Turn over

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3. The diagram shows a section of a cell membrane.

molecule X

(a) Molecule X is involved in active transport.

Name this type of molecule. 1

(b) Describe the differences in the processes of osmosis and active

transport. 3

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4. When a person cuts their finger, a blood clot forms at the wound. To form the
clot, an enzyme converts a soluble protein into an insoluble protein.

(a) The soluble protein is the substrate for the enzyme.

Name the part of the enzyme that binds to its substrate. 1

(b) The graph shows the time taken for the enzyme to clot samples of blood
at different temperatures.

50

45
time taken for blood to clot (seconds)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
temperature (°C)

(i) Identify the optimum temperature for this enzyme. 1

°C
(ii) An enzyme can be completely denatured at very high
temperatures, meaning that it can no longer catalyse its reaction.
Describe what has happened to the enzyme and explain why the
reaction no longer occurs. 2

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5. (a) The diagram represents two possible pathways when glucose is broken
down in muscle cells.

glucose
pathway 2

pyruvate lactate

pathway 1

carbon dioxide
+
product Y
+
ATP

(i) Name product Y. 1

(ii) Pathway 2 only occurs in the absence of a particular substance.

Name this substance. 1

(iii) State the yield of ATP molecules when a glucose molecule is broken
down to pyruvate. 1

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(b) Muscles decrease in length as they contract.
The diagram shows part of an investigation into the effect of ATP
concentration on muscle contraction.

syringe containing
ATP solution

piece of muscle

glass slide
scale

The table shows the results of the investigation.

ATP Length of muscle (mm) Percentage

concentration After decrease in
(mg/100 ml) At start Decrease length
10 minutes

100 25 24·2 0·8 3·2

500 35 31·5 3·5 10

750 30 24·6 5·4

(i) Complete the table by calculating the percentage decrease in the

length of the muscle when the ATP concentration was
750 mg/100 ml. 1
Space for calculation

(ii) Explain why the percentage decrease in length was calculated. 1

(iii) Describe the relationship between the ATP concentration and

muscle contraction. 1

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6. The diagram shows the time taken for the stages that occur when a cell
divides and grows.

mitosis
(1·5
hours)

cell growth
(4 hours) cell growth
(8 hours)

DNA copied
(4·5 hours)

(a) Calculate the simplest whole number ratio of the times taken for the
stages shown in the diagram. 1
Space for calculation

: :
mitosis DNA copied cell growth

(b) Name the cell structure in which mitosis begins. 1

(c) Name the structure that pulls chromatids apart from each other during
mitosis. 1

(d) Human cells produced by mitosis are diploid.

Explain what is meant by the term diploid. 1

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7. Describe the stages of protein production in a cell. 4

[Turn over

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8. The flow chart shows the pathway of a reflex action involved in response to
pain.

stimulus

receptor

sensory neuron

inter neuron

motor neuron

response

(a) Identify structure X. 1

(b) Name the part of the body where the inter neuron of this reflex arc is
found. 1

(c) Describe how messages travel along an inter neuron and are then
transferred from the inter neuron to a motor neuron. 2

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9. (a) The compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tastes very bitter to some
people, while others are unable to taste it. The ability to taste PTC is an
inherited characteristic controlled by the dominant allele.
T represents the tasting allele and t represents the non-tasting allele.
The family tree shows the pattern of inheritance for this characteristic.

A B
Key
Male Female Phenotype
C D E F G taster
non‑taster

H J K L M

(i) Give the genotype of individual G. 1

(ii) Identify one heterozygous female. 1

Letter
(iii) State how many individuals in this family tree are homozygous
dominant. 1

(iv) Individuals H and J are having a child.

Predict the percentage chance of their child being able to taste
PTC. 1
Space for calculation

(b) Characteristics controlled by more than one gene show continuous

variation.
Explain the term continuous variation. 1

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10. (a) An investigation was carried out into the average rate of water loss from
three species of plant, A, B and C at different air temperatures.
The graph shows the results.

50

45

40
average rate of water loss (ml/hour)

35

30

25

20

15

10

5
A B C A B C A B C
0

20 °C 25 °C 30 °C
air temperature

(i) It was concluded that all three plant species showed an increase in
the average rate of water loss as the air temperature increased.
Using data from the graph, explain why this was not a valid
conclusion. 1

(ii) Assuming all three plant species had the same rate of water intake,
predict which species is most likely to survive during a long spell of
hot, dry weather. 1

Species

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10. (a) (continued)

(iii) An evaluation of the investigation was carried out.

Identify a factor that would need to have been controlled during
the investigation to ensure the results were valid. 1

(b) (i) Name the process by which water is transported through a plant
and evaporates from its leaves. 1

(ii) Name the structures in leaves from which water evaporates. 1

[Turn over

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11. (a) The following diagram represents a human heart.

1 2

3 4

(i) Name blood vessel M. 1

(ii) M and N are different types of blood vessels.

Identify a feature of blood vessel N that would not be found in
vessel M. 1

(iii) Explain why it is essential that there is a valve at position P. 2

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11. (continued)

(b) Thicker muscle can push blood further. The average thickness of the
outer wall of each chamber was measured as shown below.

1·5 mm 7·0 mm 15·0 mm 1·5 mm

Two students were asked to select the measurements most likely to

correspond to each of the chambers. Their responses are shown in the
table.

Average thickness
Chamber (mm)
Student A Student B

1 1·5 1·5

2 1·5 1·5

3 15·0 7·0

4 7·0 15·0

Identify which student selected the correct measurements for each of

the chambers.
Explain the reason for your choice. 1

Student

Explanation

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12. The diagram represents a stage in the process of photosynthesis that requires
light energy.

Water

Oxygen + Hydrogen

(a) (i) Name the organelles present in leaf cells where this stage takes
place. 1

(ii) Describe what happens to the oxygen and hydrogen produced

during this stage. 2

Oxygen

Hydrogen

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12. (continued)

(b) The graph shows the effect of three different factors on the rate of
photosynthesis in a plant.

0·4% CO2 35 °C

0·4% CO2 20 °C
rate of
photosynthesis S
0·1% CO2 20 °C
R

light intensity

(i) Tick one box in each row of the table to indicate which factor is
limiting photosynthesis at point R and point S. 2

Limiting factor

Carbon dioxide
Point Temperature Light intensity
concentration

(ii) Explain why there is an increase in the rate of photosynthesis when

there is an increase in the temperature from 20 °C to 35 °C. 2

[Turn over

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13. Bees and pesticides
Research was carried out to determine the effect of different concentrations
of pesticide on the feeding behaviour of bees.
A laboratory was separated into eight identical areas. Three feeding
containers, with equal concentrations of sucrose solution, were placed in
each area. Each solution was contaminated with a different concentration of
pesticide, 0 parts per billion (ppb), 2 ppb, or 11 ppb.
The diagram shows how each area was set up.

sucrose solution
containing pesticide

0 ppb 2 ppb 11 ppb

Every day bees were released and allowed to feed freely from any of the
containers in their area for 6 hours. The volume of sucrose solution consumed
from each container was measured daily over a period of 10 days.
Researchers expected to find that bees would feed less on sucrose solution
with increasing concentrations of pesticide.
On day 1 the average volume of sucrose solution consumed that was
contaminated with 11 ppb of pesticide was 7·5 ml. This was similar to the
7·6 ml of 0 ppb solution consumed, but much more than the 6·4 ml of the
2 ppb solution consumed.
On day 10 the bees consumed an average of 7·7 ml of 0 ppb solution, 10·7 ml
of 2 ppb solution and 10·4 ml of 11 ppb solution.

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13. (continued)

(a) Complete the table by adding a column heading and the relevant data
from the passage. 2
(An additional table, if required, can be found on page 29.)

Average volume of sucrose solution

consumed (ml)

Day 1 Day 10

11

(b) (i) State one variable, mentioned in the passage, which was controlled
to ensure validity in this investigation. 1

(ii) Suggest another variable, not already mentioned, which should also
have been controlled to ensure validity. 1

(c) Describe how the data from day 10 did not show the results that the
researchers expected. 1

(d) Pesticides have been detected in the body tissues of bees.

State the term that describes the build‑up of these substances in living
organisms. 1

[Turn over

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14. An investigation was carried out into the effect of increasing antibiotic
concentration on the survival of bacteria. Two different strains of bacteria
were used, an original strain and a mutated strain.
The percentage of bacteria of each strain surviving after two days is shown in
the graph.

100 Key
90 original
strain
80 mutated
strain
70
bacteria surviving (%)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
10 20 30 40 50
concentration of antibiotic (units)

(a) (i) Identify a concentration of antibiotic that has no effect on the

survival of either strain of bacteria. 1

units
(ii) State the minimum concentration of antibiotic that would kill all of
the bacteria. 1

units
(iii) Using the information given, describe the advantage the mutation
gave the mutated strain over the original strain. 1

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14. (continued)

(b) The mutated strain of bacteria arose from the original as a result of
mutation.
Give the definition of the term mutation. 1

(c) State the term given to micro‑organisms, such as bacteria, that cause
disease. 1

[Turn over

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15. The Caledonian forest is an ecosystem in Scotland.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term ecosystem. 1

(b) Each organism found in the forest occupies a particular niche.

Identify one biotic factor that helps determine an organism’s niche. 1

(c) The area covered with Caledonian forest has decreased over time. In an
attempt to reverse this decrease, some areas are being planted with one
type of conifer tree, the Scots pine, or a variety of broad‑leaved trees.
The table shows the number and types of tree planted in six areas
between 2000 and 2010.

Number of trees Type of tree

Area
planted planted

1    6725 Scots pine

2    7900 broad‑leaved

3    9430 Scots pine

4 11 845 broad‑leaved

5    8475 Scots pine

6    9325 broad‑leaved

For the areas planted with conifer trees, calculate the average number
planted per area during this time. 1
Space for calculation

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15. (continued)

(d) Pine martens are omnivores found in the Caledonian forest.

(i) Give the definition of the term omnivore. 1

(ii) Scottish wildcats compete with pine martens for resources.

Name this type of competition. 1

[Turn over for next question

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16. (a) Each food chain starts with a producer.
(i) State the meaning of the term producer. 1

(ii) Name the chemical in the cells of producers that traps light energy. 1

(b) Only 4·8% of light energy landing on a birchwood is absorbed by leaves.

This is converted to chemical energy.
Calculate the total light energy landing on the leaves if they contain
27 000 units of chemical energy. 1
Space for calculation

units

(c) The diagram shows a pyramid of energy for a typical food chain.

owl
shrew
caterpillar
birch tree

Explain why a pyramid of energy always has this shape. 1

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

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ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR ANSWERS AND ROUGH WORK

Additional grid for question 2 (b)

0·3 0·4 0·5 0·6

concentration of sugar solution (mol/l)

Additional table for question 13 (a)

Average volume of sucrose solution

consumed (ml)

Day 1 Day 10

11

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ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR ANSWERS AND ROUGH WORK

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ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR ANSWERS AND ROUGH WORK

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Acknowledgement of copyright
Question 15 Eric Isselee/shutterstock.com

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