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HSPhysics 11-01 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Behavior

The document outlines the fundamentals of electromagnetic waves, including their creation, properties such as wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and the behavior of electrons in atoms as described by the Bohr and De Broglie models. It also discusses the emission and absorption spectra, measurements of light, and practical applications related to electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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9 views

HSPhysics 11-01 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Behavior

The document outlines the fundamentals of electromagnetic waves, including their creation, properties such as wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and the behavior of electrons in atoms as described by the Bohr and De Broglie models. It also discusses the emission and absorption spectra, measurements of light, and practical applications related to electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

fredcha07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 11-01 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Behavior Name: __________________

How to create electromagnetic (EM) waves


• Move a ________________(current)
• This creates an ________________field
• Also creates a ________________field
• These are _______________ to each other

EM Waves
• Wavelength – ________________of one cycle
• Frequency – ________________of cycles per second
• Amplitude – ________________of a crest above the undisturbed position
• 𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
Types of EM radiation
• Based on the ________________

Bohr model of the atom


• Electrons orbit the ________________
• When an electron ________________energy it gets
excited, it ________________out to a higher orbital
o Electrons gain energy when they are
________________by a ________________
o Photons are ________________of light
o Too much _________________and electron completely removed from atom, ionizes, allows _______________reactions
• When the excited electron ________________back down to its orbital, it ________________energy as a ________________
• The energy released is based on the ____________between the ___________
• The frequency (and wavelength) of the released photon is based on
the ________________released
• So only a few certain ________________are emitted
Emission spectrum
• Shows the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the ________________light
Absorption spectrum
• Shows the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the ________________light

De Broglie model
• The Bohr model only works for ________________
• Electrons behave like waves with a set ________________
• Each electron orbits the nucleus in ________________waves
• This allows for orbitals in more ________________atoms

Visible Light
• Between ________________ 𝐻𝑧 and ________________ 𝐻𝑧
• 750 nm (end of red); 380 nm (end of violet)

Speed of light in a vacuum (space)


• 𝑐 = 3.00 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
• 𝑐 = 𝑓𝜆
• When light travels through a material it ________________down due to the ________________and ________________of the photons

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with OpenStax High School Physics
Physics 11-01 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Behavior Name: __________________
Measurements of light
• Luminous flux • Illuminance
o ________________at which light is radiated o Lumens per ________________
from a source o 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =
𝑃
4𝜋𝑟 2
o Unit: ________________(lm)
o Unit: ________________(lx)

Practice Work
1. Explain how atoms (a) absorb light and (b) produce light. (RW)
2. Can a single microwave photon cause cell damage? (HSP 21.7)
3. Shortly after the introduction of photography, it was found that photographic emulsions were more sensitive to blue and
violet light than they were to red light. Explain why this was the case. (HSP 21.12)
4. Give an example of energy carried by an electromagnetic wave. (OpenStax 24.8)
5. Why does the emission spectrum of an isolated gas differ from the emission spectrum created by a white light? (HSP 22.5)
6. Why do Bohr’s calculations for electron energies not work for all atoms? (HSP 22.21)
7. (a) Two microwave frequencies are authorized for use in microwave ovens: 900 and 2560 MHz. Calculate the wavelength
of each. (b) Which frequency would produce smaller hot spots in foods due to interference effects? (OpenStax 24.6) 33.3
cm, 11.7 cm
8. A radio station utilizes frequencies between commercial AM and FM. What is the frequency of a 11.12-m-wavelength
channel? (OpenStax 24.8) 26.96 MHz
9. Combing your hair leads to excess electrons on the comb. How fast would you have to move the comb up and down to
produce red light? (OpenStax 24.10) 𝟒. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 Hz
10. Some radar systems detect the size and shape of objects such as aircraft and geological terrain. Approximately what is the
smallest observable detail utilizing 500-MHz radar? (OpenStax 24.14) 0.600 m
11. Determine the amount of time it takes for X-rays of frequency 3 × 1018 Hz to travel (a) 1 mm and (b) 1 cm. (OpenStax
24.15) 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 s, 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 s
12. If you wish to detect details of the size of atoms (about 1 × 10−10 m) with electromagnetic radiation, it must have a
wavelength of about this size. (a) What is its frequency? (b) What type of electromagnetic radiation might this be?
(OpenStax 24.16) 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖 Hz, X-rays
13. If the Sun suddenly turned off, we would not know it until its light stopped coming. How long would that be, given that the
Sun is 1.50 × 1011 m away? (OpenStax 24.17) 500 s
14. Conversations with astronauts on lunar walks had an echo that was used to estimate the distance to the Moon. The sound
spoken by the person on Earth was transformed into a radio signal sent to the Moon and transformed back into sound on a
speaker inside the astronaut’s space suit. This sound was picked up by the microphone in the spacesuit (intended for the
astronaut’s voice) and sent back to Earth as a radio echo of sorts. If the round-trip time was 2.60 s, what was the
approximate distance to the Moon, neglecting any delays in the electronics? (OpenStax 24.25) 𝟑. 𝟗𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 m
15. Lunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon’s surface, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to
the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. (a) To what accuracy in meters can the distance to the Moon be
determined, if this time can be measured to 0.100 ns? (b) What percent accuracy is this, given the average distance to the
Moon is 3.84 × 108 m? (OpenStax 24.26) 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 cm, 𝟑. 𝟗𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 %
16. (a) Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. The distance between the earth and the moon is 3.85 × 108
m. Find the time it took for his voice to reach earth via radio waves. (b) Someday a person will walk on Mars, which is
5.6 × 1010 m from earth at the point of closest approach. Determine the minimum time that will be required for that
person’s voice to reach earth. (Cutnell 24.2) 1.28 s, 190 s

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with OpenStax High School Physics

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