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SCH4U0 - 1 - 6 - Bo

The document discusses the concept of bonding in chemistry, specifically focusing on ionic and covalent bonds, and the use of Lewis Dot Diagrams (LDD) to represent these bonds. It outlines the rules for drawing LDDs, including exceptions like expanded and incomplete octets, and introduces the concept of resonance in molecular structures. Additionally, it provides examples and practice problems for creating correct Lewis Structures while considering formal charges.

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18 views3 pages

SCH4U0 - 1 - 6 - Bo

The document discusses the concept of bonding in chemistry, specifically focusing on ionic and covalent bonds, and the use of Lewis Dot Diagrams (LDD) to represent these bonds. It outlines the rules for drawing LDDs, including exceptions like expanded and incomplete octets, and introduces the concept of resonance in molecular structures. Additionally, it provides examples and practice problems for creating correct Lewis Structures while considering formal charges.

Uploaded by

liamlxm132
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bonding

Bonding Why do Elements Bond?


1 __________________________________
__________________________________
Lewis Dot Diagrams
—_________________________________
RECALL
—Only the valence electrons are the ones involved in
chemical reactions
—Atoms/ions are stable when they are isoelectronic
with its nearest noble gas

Lewis Dot Diagram (Recall) Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds


3 4

— What are Ionic Bonds?


RULES: ¡ An ionic bond forms when ________________ electrons with
____________________ (DEN ≥ 1.7)
— ________________________________
— Example: Na and Cl
________________________________
________________________________
Example: oxygen vs. Carbon
— What are Covalent Bonds?
Lewis Dot Energy Level Diagram
Diagram(LDD)
Electron Configuration ¡ A covalent bond forms when electrons are ___________
________________________________(1.7 > DEN > 0)
— Example: H and N

Lewis Dot Energy Level Diagram


Diagram(LDD) Electron Configuration

LDD LSD

Lewis & Quantum Together At Last New Rules for LDDS


5 6

— Arrange atoms _____________ with the


— Only the valence electrons are drawn. We know the
________________ in the middle
valence electrons from the EC of each atom.
— Count the number of ______________available
— Example: P
to bond
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p à ____ valence electrons
— Place __________________________between
— ______________________________ the central atom and each surrounding atom (use a
— ______________________________ line to represent bonding pair)
— ______________________________
______________________________
__
— Example: N _____________, there are ___ valence e’s

1
Rules (continued) LDD Example #1
7 8

— Complete _________ of each of the surrounding — Example: polyatomic ions NH4 + (no electron on one
atoms H atom)
— Place remaining electrons in______________. If
the central atom does not have an octet, ________
____________________________between the
central atom and surrounding atoms. This will make
_________ and ______ bonds
— For a polyatomic, draw __________ and give NOTE: Sometimes the octet rule is not necessary in all
________________ for the ion. molecules. (only for 3rd period elements and on…
need to have a ‘d’ orbital.. explained later)

LDD Exceptions LDD Exceptions


9 10

Expanded Octet: — Example: SF6 Incomplete Octet: — Example: BF3


—Some molecules Boron and Beryllium are
bonding at the central unique metals that they
atom is best explained can form covalent bonds
with halogens (i.e. BF3
by a model that ____
and BeCl2) where the
________________ central atom only
________________ has_______________
– such atom is said to _________________
have an expanded _________________.
valence: SF6

Complicated LDDs
1) CO2 Resonances
12

2) H2SO4 — Electron pairs can “resonate” between_________


3) ClO3- _____________________. This is called______
- Formal Charge (FC) of the individual elements can be _________________.
used to ensure to have a correct LDD. — The atoms are attached in the same way just the bonds are
- ______________________________________ different. This results in different, but equally correct LDD
________________________________ — Example: CO32-

- If you don’t, you would have to create a double/triple — ____________________________________


bond(s)________________________________ ______________________________________
- _____________________________________ This is occurring all the time

FC = (number of _____________) – (number of ______________)


– (number of ________________________)

11

2
Extra Practice
Resonance Examples — For each of the molecular formula below, draw a
correct Lewis Structure. (Be sure to check formal
charges as they apply.)
— EX 1) O3
1. CH5N
2. NF3
3. SO2
4. CH2Cl2
5. OF2
— EX2) CO3 2-
6. NH4+
7. HClO4
8. C3H8
9. H3PO4
10. CH2O2

13 14

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