0400EET402052301

Scheme of Valuation/Answer Key

(Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key)
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION OCTOBER 2023
(2019 SCHEME)
Course Code: EET402
Course Name: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ESTIMATION
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
Answer all questions, each carries 3 marks. Marks

1 Draw the standard symbols for (3)

(i) Direct on Line starter -

(ii) Underground cable

(iii) Spot light

1 mark each
2 1. Standard good practices for selection of part of power systems (3)
2. Recommendations concerning safety and related matter in the wiring of
electrical installations of buildings or industrial structures, promoting
compatibility between such recommendations and those concerning the
equipment installed
3. General safety procedures and practices in electrical work
Any 3 points
3 (i) The luminaire, lamp and even the surface will accumulate dust over a period (3)
of time and the lamp lumen output will depreciate with time
(ii) The lumen output of the source or lamp is not fully utilized at the work
place. A part of the light is lost in the fittings and some part is directed to the
walls and ceilings where a part will be absorbed and a part will be reflected. This
is taken into account by a factor known as Coefficient of Utilization (CoU).
1.5 x 2 = 3 marks
4 Luminous intensity of the lamp is (3)
I = 1200/4π = 95.5 cd ------ 1 mark
cos θ = 8/10 = 0.8
Now, E = I cosθ/r2 ------- 1 mark

Page 1of 11
 0400EET402052301

∴ E = 95.5 × 0.8/102 = 0.764 lm/m2 --------- 1 mark

5 RCBO --- 1 mark (3)
Any two differences – 2 marks
6 1. In the case of short circuit, in any part of the wiring the fuse will (3)
disconnect the supply to the whole installation.
2. If the number of load points is large, the voltage available at the farthest end
will be low due to the voltage drop in the line.
3. Easy maintenance and future expansion.
7 Earthing type: Plate earthing (3)
Earthing arrangement:

One earth electrode is exclusively used for for the connection of lightning arrestors. The
second earth electrode is used for the connection of neutral of the transformer at the LT
side. The third earth electrode is connected to body of the transformer, all non-current
carrying parts of the transformer, operating handle of GO switch etc. All the three earth
pits are inter connected.
8 Input current = = 22.89A (3)
Current rating of the cable = 1.5 x 22.89 = 34.34A
Size of the cable : 7/1.40 Cu cable of 40A capacity or 7/1.70 Al of 43A.
Starter: Star Delta starter
Motor Switch : 3 pole 40A SFU
Main switch : 3 pole 63A.
9 1. improve the power factor and efficiency of induction motor loads (3)
2. Can avoid the penalties of supply authority
3. Manual switching of capacitor banks are very difficult and not practicable.
Any three points ------- 3 marks
10 Continuous power rating-engine can supply rated power for an unlimited time (3)
Prime power rating: engine can supply a base load for an unlimited time, and
100% rated power for a limited time. Typical values are a base load of 70% of
the rated power, 100% rated power during 500 hours per year
Standby power rating: Maximum power that the engine can deliver and is
limited in time, less than 500 hours per year

Page 2of 11
 0400EET402052301

PART B
Answer one full question from each module, each carries 14 marks.
Module I
11 a) (i) 1. IS732 Covers the essential requirements and precautions regarding wiring (6)
installations for ensuring satisfactory and reliable service and safety from all
possible hazards from the use of electricity
2. Applicable to design, selection, erection, inspection and testing of wiring
installations whether temporary or permanent
3. Relates to all wiring installations in non-industrial and industrial locations
(ii) 1. Contains guidelines on choosing proper size of various components of
earthing system especially earthing conductors (SWG) and earthing
2. Gives guidance on the methods which are adopted to earth and electrical
system for limiting the potential of current carrying conductors forming part
of the system ie. System earthing and Equipment earthing
3. This code applies to land based installation and it does not apply to ships, air
crafts or offshore installations
Explanation of each – 3 x 2 = 6 marks
b) standard distribution voltage for DC system shall be 220/440V. (8)
For single phase AC: 240V, 50 Hz, 2 wire
For three phase AC: 415V, 50 Hz, 4 wire
Low voltage- Not exceeding 250V
Medium voltage- Not exceeding 650V
HV- Not exceeding 33kV
EHV-Exceeding 33kV
Voltage limits for AC systems
The supply authorities are required to maintain the voltages on the system under
normal condition within the tolerances specified below:
• 6% in case of low and medium voltage installations
• 6% on the higher side or 9% on the lower side of high voltage systems
• 12.5% in case of extra high voltage systems
• Under Indian Electricity Rules, the voltage fluctuation may not vary by more
than 5% above or below the declared nominal voltage. ie. 228V to 252V for
nominal voltage of 240V & 394.25V to 435.75V for nominal voltage of 415V
• Frequency must be within ±1% of the declared frequency of 50Hz
OR
12 a) The Indian Electricity Act, 2003 seeks to replace Indian Electricity Act 1910, ()
The Electricity Supply Act 1948, and The Electricity Regulatory Commission
Act 1998
It is an act implemented by the parliament to consolidate the laws relating to
generation, transmission, distribution, trading and use of electricity and aims at
• Promoting measures to the development of electricity industry.
• Promoting competition
• Protecting interest of consumers
• Providing electric supply to all areas

Page 3of 11
 0400EET402052301

• Providing transparent policies on subsidies

• Constitution of Central Regulatory Authority and Regulatory Commission
• For all matters connected to therewith and incidental there to
The salient features of the act are:
• Delicensing of generation
• Liberalization of captive power policy
• Open access to transmission and distribution network
• Stringent penalties for power theft
• Transparent subsidy management
• Thrust on Rural electrification
b) Any 6 safety practices (IS 5216 P1, IS5216P2) (6)
Module II
13 a) Advantages- any 3 points ----- 3 marks (6)
Dis advantages- any 3 points ----- 3 marks
b) φ = 1000 x 90 = 90,000 lumens per lamp initially. There will be a (8)
reduction in lamp output over time but this is taken account of in the
maintenance factor.
------- 1 mark
E A
N ------ 1 mark
(n. ).MF .CU

500  50  30
N = 27.7 -------- 2 marks
0.6  0.5  90000
therefore 28 lamps are required.
Check space height ratios for length and width.
4 rows of 7 spaced as shown is an acceptable design. ------ 2 marks

---- 2 marks
OR

Page 4of 11
 0400EET402052301

14 a) 1) Intensity of illumination (6)

2) Selection of lamps or selection of luminaries
3) Size of the room
4) Mounting height and spacing of fitting
5) Conditions of use

Explanation of each term – 6 marks

b) Consider the length of the span is 30m. (8)

The luminous intensity of the 40W lamp, I = 2800/4π = 222.8 Cd.
Height of the lamp, h = 9m
Let the CU = 0.5
The illumination at midpoint due to the two light points
2 Ih 2  222.8  9  0.5
E  3  CU   0.374lux
d 17.53
It is much less than the limit. So the span can be choosen as 20m
The illumination of point B due to the two light points
2 Ih 2  222.8  9  0.5
E  3  CU   0.824lux
d 13.53
This is with in the limit.
300
(1) Number of poles =  1  16
20
(2) Number of street light weather proof fittings = 16
(3) Total load on the line = 40 x 16 = 640 W
Load current = 640/240 = 2.67A
ACSR conductor 6/1x2.11 mm is selected or 2.5mm2 2 core PVC cable
Length of ACSR conductor = 2 x300 + 5% for sag and wastage = 630m
(4) No. Of shackle insulators = 16 x 2 = 32
(5) No.8 SWG GI wire for earth run = 300 + 5 % wastage = 315m
(6) Pole earthing = 4 sets
(7) Estimation of materials
Module III
15 a) Device Purpose (4)
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker Over current/Short circuit
protection
MCCB Molded Case Circuit Breaker Over current/Short circuit
protection
ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker Earth leakage protection
RCCB Residual Current Circuit Earth leakage protection
Breaker
RCD Residual Current Device Earth leakage protection
RCBO Residual Current circuit Earth leakage protection +
Breaker Over current protection + Short

Page 5of 11
 0400EET402052301

with Over current protection circuit protection

Any 4 devices – 4 x1 = 4 marks
b) Total Connected Load = Light Load + Power Load = 6708 W ---- 1 mark (10)
Since total Connected Load is greater than 5kW 3 Phase supply can be
Provided
Number of light sub circuits = No of light points/8
= 28/8=3.5(4 sub circuits) ------ 1
mark
Two number of 16A Power plugs can be connected in a single power sub circuit
Total number of power sub circuits = 5/2 = 2.5(3 sub circuits) ------ 1 mark
Total number of sub circuits = light circuits + Power Sub circuits = 7
Select 3 phase,415V, 4 way DB which can accommodate up to 12 MCBs
Incomer: 40A RCBO or RCCB with 30mA sensitivity ------- 1 mark
Outgoing MCBs: 4 number of 6A MCBs (B class) for 4 light sub circuits --- 1
mark
3 number of 16A MCBs (B class) for 3 Power Sub circuits ----- 1 mark
63A TPN SFU with 40A fuse ----- 1 mark
For light sub circuits : 1.5mm sqr Copper wire
For Power sub circuits : 2.5mm sqr Copper wire
For earth wiring : 1.5 mm sqr Copper wire ------ 1 mark

Line diagram ---- 2 marks

OR

Page 6of 11
 0400EET402052301

16 a) The feeder to a DB will be fed from SDB or MDB. It is necessary that the major (4)
protective fuse shall not blow off before or along with motor protective fuse in
the DB. There shall be grading or discrimination between these fuses. The fuses
in two systems are termed as minor and major fuses. For achieving grading, the
minor fuse should be lower than half of the major fuse. ----- 3 marks
Eg: (1) 32A will grade with 63A and above ------ 1 mark
b) 1. Insulation resistance test. (10)
2. Polarity test of switch.
3. Earth electrode resistance test
4. Earth continuity test
Explanation of each test – 2.5 x 4 = 10 marks
Module IV
17 a) Line diagram – 3 marks (4)
IL= = 876A
Taking a factor of safety, 4 runs of 3-1/2 core 240sq.mm PVC /XLPE insulated
armoured LT cable can be used.
Primary side CB : 11kV, 40A OCB
Secondary side CB : 415kV, 1000A VCB
Ratings – 1 marks
b) Total load in kW = 20 + (30+10) x 0.746 = 49.84 kW ---- 1 mark (10)
Assuming a pf of 0.8, load in kVA = 49.84/0.8 = 62.3 kVA
A 63kVA, 11kV/415V, 3 phase 50Hz transformer is to be mounted on a double
pole structure. ------- 1 mark
To find the size of cable to be run from the secondary side of the transformer,
the current rating should be found out.
63 103
IL   88 A
Full load current = 3  415 ------ 1 mark
We may choose 3-1/2 core 95sq.mm PVC insulated LT cable ----- 1 mark
3-1/2 core 95sq.mm cable should be run from the transformer to the distribution
box and from the distribution box the different feeder cables are to be selected
by taking into consideration of the load of each circuit.
The distribution box consists of one 100A incoming main switch and 3 nos. Of
outgoing switches.
1 no. 63A for 30hp agricultural load, 2 no.s of 40A for 20kW residential load
and 10hp motor loads.
Cable to be run are:
3-1/2 core 50mm2 cable from 63A switch
4 core 16mm2 cable for 40A switches ------ 1 mark
Single line diagram -------- 2 mark
Estimate of the materials ---------- 3 mark
OR
18 a) 1. Insulation resistance test (IR test) (4)

Page 7of 11
 0400EET402052301

2. Dielectric absorption and polarization index test:

3. Two voltage test
4. Measurement of tan delta
5. Transformer ratio test
6. Measurement of short circuit current.
7. Measurement of magnetizing current
8. Test of transformer oil
11. Temperature Indicator Test
12. DC Winding Resistance Test
List of any 4 test ------ 4marks
b) Main supply: Assume the motor efficiency to be 85% and pf to be 0.8 for the (10)
machines.
Motor 1
hp  746 5  746
I L1    7.5 A
3  V   pf 3  415  0.85  0.8 ------ 1 mark
Motor 2,
hp  746 3  746
I L2    4.5 A
3  V   pf 3  415  0.85  0.8 ------ 1 mark
Motor 3
hp  746 0.5  746
I L3    2.25 A
V   pf 240  0.85  0.8 ------ 1 mark
Total full load current for these motors = 14.25A
The cable shall have a current carrying capacity of 150 percent of the motor full
load current.
The current carrying capacity of the main cable = 1.5 x 14.25 = 21.3 A
Three runs of Single core 7/1.06 mm Cu conductor having current carrying
capacity of 28A may be used from the meter board to the main board.
------ 1 mark
The current rating of the main switch is the starting current of the large motor
plus the load current of the remaining motor.
= (7.5 x 1.5 + 4.5 + 2.25 ) = 18A.
So, 25A, 500V grade TPIC SFU shall be used as main switch. ------ 1 mark
Number of sub circuits = 3. So 4 way, 500V, 16A per way, 3 phase IC DB with
neutral link shall be used.

Size of cable for each motor:

Motor 1, IL1= 7.5A, Is1= 11.25A, 3/1.06mm Cu cable (15A)
Motor 2, IL2= 4.5A, Is2= 6.75A, 3/0.737mm Cu cable (10A)
Motor 3, IL3= 2.25A, Is3= 3.37A, 1/1.80mm AL cable (10A)
------ 1.5 mark
Size of conduit for each motor :
Rating of switch fuse : The 2 nos. 3 phase motor of rating 5,3hp can be
controlled by 16A, 500V TPIC switches and the 1/2 hp single phase motor can
be controlled by a 16A, 250V DPIC SFU. ------- 2

Page 8of 11
 0400EET402052301

marks
Length of the conduit:
Length of the wire: ------ 1.5 mark
For motor1
For motor 2
For motor 3
Module V
19 a) 1. Minimum 1m clearance shall be provided on three sides of the generator set, (6)
minimum 2m clearance shall be provided between them
2. Fuel tank of DG sets shall be installed outside the generator room
3. Exhaust pipe of DG sets shall maintain a minimum height of 1.8m clearance
from the floor level
4. Voltmeters and frequency meters shall be connected before the circuit breaker
in the generator control panel
5. Watt hour meter and ammeters in each phase shall be provided
6. For generators of 500kVA and above, kVA/kW meter and pf meter shall also
be provided
7. Changeover switches of approved makes is permitted for capacities up to and
including 800A
8. Above 800A capacity, CB with castle key interlock shall be provided
9. Under voltage coil may be provided at grid side, ACB/MCCB on respective
switchboards at installations where generators are installed for preventing
chances of back feeding from generators to grid side
10. Separate Isolators shall be provided before the change over switch, if it has
no OFF position
11. Provide thermal O/L relay in the generator circuit
12. Generator capacity should be sufficient if it is called upon to start induction
motors of 60% of its rating, provided suitable starters are employed for limiting
the starting current.
13. Generator room shall be made of non-inflammable materials
14. Standard size of earthing cables and conductors for generators shall be
provided
15. Proper protection schemes should also be provided for generators
16. Central pollution control board approved type acoustic enclosure shall be
provided for all generators
Any 6 points ----- 6 marks
b) Total watt-hr per day for all appliances taken together (8)
Watt-hrs used by CFL lamps = 3 x 18 x 4 = 216
Watt-hrs used by ceiling fans = 2 x 60 x 8 = 960
Watt-hrs used by refrigerator = 125 x 24 x 0.5 = 1500
Watt-hrs used by night lamp = 5 x 7 = 35
Watt-hrs used by washing machine = 125 x 1 = 125
Total watt-hr required per day = 216 +960 +1500 + 35 +125 = 2836 W- hr.

Page 9of 11
 0400EET402052301

– -- - ----- 1mark
Watt-hr per day to be generated by the solar panels = 1.3 x 2836
= 3686.8W-hr
The size of the solar panel, if the location of the building is in trivandrum
Minimum solar irradiation for trivandrum = 4.83 kWh/m 2/day
Panel generation factor (with MPPT controller) = 4.83 x derating factor
= 4.83 x 0.69 = 3.33 Wh/Wp/day
Watt hr/day for all the appliances taken together = 2836 Wh/day
Panel size required = 3686.8/3.33 = 1107.15 Wp ------ 1mark
Therefore, number of PV modules = Panel size required / Rated Wp of the PV
module
We may choose 110Wp module
Number of PV modules = 1107.15 / 110 = 10.065 ( say 10 modules)
The capacity of the solar plant is therefore 10 x 110 = 1100 Wp
The surface area of each module is 0.85 m2
Therefore the roof area required for installing the solar PV system will be about
10 x 0.85 = 8.5m2 ------ 1mark
Size of the battery
Wh/day required by the load = 2836
Battery must supply 2836 / 0.85 = 3336 Wh/day (based on 85% efficiency)
Battery must supply 3336/ 0.5 = 6672 Wh (based on 50% depth of discharge)
Battery must be sized 6672 x 2 = 13344 Wh/day (based on 2 cloudy days)
Say 13400 Wh. ------ 1mark
With 24V battery, Ah capacity = 13400 / 24 = 558 Ah (say 600Ah)
Therefore, we can choose 8 nos. Of 150Ah, 12V batteries connected as two in
series and four in parallel (4 x 150 = 600 Ah at 24 V) and this will be able to
supply the load for 2 days without interruption.
Size of charge controller ------ 1mark
Since the battery voltage is selected as 24V, the PV modules shall be connected
as two numbers in series and five numbers in parallel. so that the open circuit
voltage of the PV module will be around 21 x 2 = 42 V and the short circuit
current of each module is 6.98 A (from the table)
Therefore, the total short circuit current from all the 5 PV modules connected in
parallel will be equal to = 6.98 x 5 = 34.9 A
Hence the current rating of the charge controller = 130% of the short circuit
current
= 1.3 x 34.9 = 45.37A (say 50A) ------ 1mark
Therefore, we can choose a charge controller rated for 24V, 50A capacity
The power output of the PV array is 1100W. hence the capacity of the inverter
can be fixed as 1200VA ------ 1mark
The final specification of the inverter can be 24V DC inputs, 240V AC output,
1200VA grid connected inverter. ------ 1mark

Page 10of 11
 0400EET402052301

OR
20 a) On-grid system (8)

Off – grid system

4 x 2 = 8 marks
b) Diagram of Rising main panel of a 5 storied building with control circuits– 6 (6)
marks
****

Page 11of 11