PROBABILITY

1. If a fair die is rolled once, then the probability of obtaining a number that is greater than 2 and less
than 6 is
(a) 2/3 ( b) 1/3 ( c) 1/2 (d) 1/4

2. If a die is thrown once, the probability of getting a perfect square is

(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4

3. A card is selected from a deck of 52 cards. The probability of its being a face card is
(a) 1/13 (b) 2/13 (c) 3/13 (d) 1/26

4. A pack of cards is shuffled well after all the face cards have been removed. Then, the probability of
drawing a non – black ace from the new pack is
(a)1/13 (b) 1/20 (c) 1/36 (d) 2/13

5. A letter is chosen at random from the word ‘NUMBER’, then the probability that the letter is a
consonant is
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/3 (c) 3/6 (d) 2/3

6. The probability that a number selected from numbers 1 to 50 is a prime number when each of the
given numbers is equally likely to be selected, is
(a) 7/25 (b) 3/25 (c) 9/25 (d) 11/25

7. From the data (1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64) if 36 is removed, then the probability of getting a number
which is a multiple of 2 is
(a) 1/7 ( b) 2/7 (c) 3/7 (d) 4/7

8. A box contains cards which are numbered from 0 to 100. The probability of getting a card at
random, from the box, having an odd natural number is
(a) 51/101 (b) 49/101 (c) ½ (d) 50/101

9. If two standard dice, one grey and one red, are rolled, then the probability that the sum of numbers
on the dice is 8 is
(a) 11/36 (b) 7/36 (c) 5/36 (d) 1/36

10. In a single throw of two dice, the probability of getting a doublet of even numbers is
(a) 1/12 (b) 5/36 (c) 7/36 (d) 11/36

11. In a single throw of two dice, the probability of getting 6 as a product is

(a) 4/9 (b) 2/9 (c) 1/9 (d) 5/9

12. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting one head is
(a) 3/8 (b) 7/8 (c) 1/2 (d) 5/8

13. The probability of a leap year selected at random contain 53 Sunday is:
(a) 53/ 366 (b) 1/7 (c) 2/7 (d) 53/365

14. What is the probability that a number selected from the numbers (1, 2, 3,...................,15) is a
multiple of 4?
(a) 1/5 (b) 4/5 (c) 2/15 (d) 1/3

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 REASONING AND ASSERTION

Q.1. Assertion: The probability of getting a prime number when a die is thrown once is 2/3.
Reason: Prime numbers on a die are 2, 3, 5.

Q.2. Assertion: The probability of a sure event is 1.

Reason: Let E be an event. Then 0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1.

Q.3. Assertion: The probability of winning a game is 0.4, then the probability of losing it, is 0.6.
Reason: P(E) + P (not E) = 1.

Q.4. Assertion: If a die is thrown, the probability of getting a number less than 3 & greater than 2 is
zero.
Reason: Probability of an impossible event is zero.
Q.5. Assertion: If a box contains 5 white, 2 red and 4 black marbles, then the probability of not
drawing a white marble from the box is 5/11.
Reason: P(E̅) = 1 – P(E), where E is any event.

Q.6. Assertion (A): If a pair of dice is thrown once, then the probability of getting a sum of 8 is 5/36.
Reason (R): In a simultaneous toss of two coins, the probability of getting exactly one head is
1
.
2
Q.7. Assertion: Card numbered as 1, 2, 3..………..15 are put in a box and mixed thoroughly, one
card is then drawn at random. The probability of drawing an even number is 7/15.
Reason: For any event E, we have 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1.

Q.8. Assertion:. A bag has 3 red balls and 5 green balls. If we take a ball from the bag, then
probability of getting red balls only 3/8.
Reason: Probability of getting red balls = number of red balls/total number of balls

Q.9. Assertion: The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.
Reason: If an event cannot occur, then its probability is 0.

Q.10. Assertion: A cubical die is rolled. The probability of getting a composite number is 1/3.
Reason: In a throw of a cubical die, the probability of getting a prime number 2/3.

Q.11. Assertion: Manisha and Madhvi were born in the year 2000. The probability that they have the
same birthday is 1/366.
Reason: Leap year has 366 days.

Q.12. Assertion: In rolling a dice, the probability of getting the number 8 is zero.
Reason: The probability of an impossible event is 0.

Q.13. Assertion: Probability of any event cannot be more than 1.

Reason: P(E) + P (not E) = 1.

Q.14. Assertion: Probability of a sure event is 1.

Reason: For a sure event, number of favourable outcomes is less than the total number of
possible outcomes.

Q.15. Assertion: When a die is rolled, the probability of getting a number which is a multiple of 3
and 5 both is zero.
Reason: The probability of an impossible event is zero.
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 CASE STUDY 1

Ruby and Rita are playing a game of ludo with 2 dice.

Based on the information provided, answer the following questions:

(i) Ruby needs a total of 7 to win the game. What is the probability
that Ruby will win?
(ii) Rita needs a total of 8 to win the game. What is the probability that
Rita will win?
(iii) What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on both dice is
divisible by 4 or 6?
OR
What is the probability of getting a total of at least 10?

CASE STUDY 2

Aisha took a pack of 52 cards. She kept aside all the face cards and shuffled
the remaining cards well.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Find the probability of getting a club card or a '4'.
(ii) Find the probability of drawing a black queen.
(iii) She drew a card from the well–shuffled pack of remaining cards.
Find the probability that the card drawn is red.
OR
Find the probability of getting neither a black card nor an ace card.

CASE STUDY 3

Sunil went to the market to buy an aquarium for his house. He asked the shopkeeper to add some fish
to it. The shopkeeper took 13 guppy fish, 18 flowerhorn fish, 12 koi fish, and 11 angel fish from the
large tank he had and placed them in the aquarium that Sunil had purchased. Now, Sunil selects a fish
at random.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions:

(i) If total number of male fish in the aquarium is 36, then find the probability of selecting a
female fish.
(ii) Find the probability of selecting a flowerhorn fish.
(iii) Find the probability of not selecting a koi fish.
OR
Find the probability of selecting neither angel fish nor flowerhorn fish.

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1. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting exactly one head.

2. If the probability of winning a game is 0.25, what is the probability of losing it?

3. From a well shuffled pack of cards, a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of getting a black
queen.

4. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card drawn
is either an ace or a king.

5. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card drawn
is neither a red card nor a black king.

6. Out of 400 bulbs in a box, 15 bulbs are defective. One bulb is taken out at random from the box. Find
the probability that the drawn bulb is not defective.

7. Three unbiased coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting:
(i) All heads (ii) two heads
(iii) Atmost two heads (iv) At least two heads.

8. A bag contains 5 black, 7 red and 3 white balls. A ball is drawn from the bag at random. Find the
probability that the ball drawn is :
(i) red (ii) black or white (iii) not black.

9. One card is drawn form a pack of 52 cards, each of the 52 cards being equally likely to be drawn.
Find the probability that the card drawn is:
(i) An ace (ii) red (iii) either red or king.
(iv) red and king. (v) a face card (vi) a red face card.
(vii) ‘2’ of spades. (viii) ‘10’ of a black suit.

10. Two die, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. Write down all the possible outcomes.
What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the die is:
(i) 8 (ii) 13 (iii) less than or equal to 12

11. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a blue ball from the
bag is thrice that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls in the bag.

12. Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year.

13. A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 49, A card is drawn from the bag at random, after mixing
the cards thoroughly. Find the probability that the number on the drawn card is:
(i) An odd number (ii) a multiple of 5
(iii) A perfect square. (iv) an even prime number.

14. All the black face cards are removed from a pack of 52 playing cards. The remaining cards are well
shuffled and then a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of getting a:
(i) Face card (ii) red card
(iii) Black card. (iv) king.

15. A letter is chosen at random from the letter of the word ‘ASSASSINATION’. Find the probability
that letter chosen is a (i) consonant (ii) vowel.

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16. Cards numbered from 11 to 60 are kept in a box. If a card is drawn at random from the box, find
the probability that the number on the drawn card is:
(i) An odd number (ii) a perfect square number.
(iii) Divisible by 11. (iv) a prime number less than 20

17. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that

(i) 5 will not come up either time?
(ii) 5 will come up at least once?

18. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting (i) two tails (ii) one
tail (iii) at least one head (iv) atmost one head (v) no head.

19. A jar contains 54 marbles each of which is blue, green or white. The probability of selecting a blue
1
marble at random from the jar is , and the probability of selecting a green marble at random is
3
4
. How many white marbles does the jar contains?
9

20. What is the probability that in a non leap year, two friends have
(i) the same birthday (ii) different birthdays?

21. If a number x is chosen at random from the numbers –2, –1, 0, 1, 2. What is the probability that
x2 < 2?

22. A box contains numbers from 4 to 90. If one disc is drawn at random from the box, find the
probability that it bears; (i) a two digit number (ii) a perfect square number (iii) a number divisible
by 5.

23. A number x is selected at random from the numbers 1, 4, 9, 16 and another number y is selected at
random from the number 1, 2, 3, 4. Find the probability that the value of xy is more then 16.

24. A number is chosen at random from the numbers –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What will be the probability
that square of this number is less than or equal to 1.

25. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcomes each time. Hanif will
win if all the tosses show the same results and loses otherwise. Find the probability that Hanif will
lose the game.

26. A ticket is drawn at random from a bag containing tickets numbered from 1 to 40. Find probability
that the selected ticket has a number which is
(i) multiple of 7
(ii) a multiple of 5
(iii) a multiple of 7 or 5
(iv) a multiple of 7 and 5

27. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that
(i) 5 will not come up on either of them?
(ii) 5 will come up on at least one?
(iii) 5 will come up at both dice?

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