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Mechanics Assignment

The document outlines mechanics assignment solutions for B.Sc. IV Semester students at Mahatma Gandhi P.G. College, focusing on the derivation of the central axis equation, null lines, null curves, and the concept of conjugate forces. It includes step-by-step explanations and equations related to moments and lines of action of resultant forces. The content aims to provide students with a solid understanding of key mechanics concepts through detailed derivations and examples.

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29 views4 pages

Mechanics Assignment

The document outlines mechanics assignment solutions for B.Sc. IV Semester students at Mahatma Gandhi P.G. College, focusing on the derivation of the central axis equation, null lines, null curves, and the concept of conjugate forces. It includes step-by-step explanations and equations related to moments and lines of action of resultant forces. The content aims to provide students with a solid understanding of key mechanics concepts through detailed derivations and examples.

Uploaded by

bdsingh9040
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics Assignment Solutions

Mahatma Gandhi P.G. College, Gorakhpur


Class: B.Sc. IV Semester

1. Derivation of the Equation of Central Axis


Step 1: Concept of Central Axis
The central axis is the unique line about which the moment of a system of
forces is zero. It simplifies complex force systems in mechanics.

Step 2: System of Forces


Suppose there is a system of forces acting on a rigid body:

• R = Resultant force vector


• r = Position vector of any point in the system
• M = Moment of the system about the origin

• MR = Moment of R about the origin

Step 3: Moment of the System


By Varignon’s theorem:

M = MR + r × R
Since the moment of the system must be zero about the central axis,

MR = r0 × R
Where r0 is the position vector of a point on the central axis.

Step 4: Derivation of the Central Axis Equation


From the above condition:

r0 = a + λR
Where:

1
• a = A known point through which the central axis passes.
• λ = A scalar parameter representing points along the line.
This equation represents the central axis.

Diagram for Visualization

central_axis_diagram.png

2. Explanation of Terms
(a) Null Line
A null line is a line in a stress field where the resultant stress is zero.
Example: In a 2D plane stress system, null lines are found where the stress
tensor has no shear or normal stress.

(b) Null Curve


A null curve is the locus of points in a stress system where the shear stress
vanishes.
Example: In a curved beam under stress, null curves indicate points with
zero tangential stress.

(c) Conjugate Force


Conjugate forces are pairs of forces that generate zero net torque about a
given point.
Example: Two equal and opposite forces on a rotating wheel.

2
(d) Null Plane
A null plane is a plane in a 3D stress system where the resultant stress vector
is zero.
Example: In a uniformly stressed body, null planes are directions where
stresses balance.
—

3. Finding the Null Point of the Plane


Step 1: Understanding the Plane Equation
Given the plane equation:

lx + my + nz = L
Where:

• l, m, n are direction cosines of the normal to the plane.


• x, y, z are coordinates.

Step 2: Null Point Condition


A null point is a point on the plane where the resultant force or moment
becomes zero.

Step 3: Finding the Null Point


The null point is given by:
 
L L L
P = , ,
l m n
This point satisfies the condition of zero resultant force or moment.
—

4. Moment About Any Point and Line of Action


of Resultant Force
Step 1: Moment About Any Point
Let r be the position vector of the point where the resultant force acts.
The moment of the resultant force about any point O is:

M=r×R
Where:

3
• M = Moment about O
• r = Position vector of any point on the line of action
• R = Resultant force vector

Step 2: Equation of Line of Action of Resultant Force


The equation of the line of action is derived as:

r = a + λR
Where:
• a = Position vector of a known point on the line

• λ = Scalar parameter
This vector form is the required equation of the line of action.
—

Conclusion
This document provides detailed explanations, step-by-step derivations, and
examples to understand key mechanics concepts effectively. The provided equa-
tions, diagrams, and conditions will help students build a strong foundation in
mechanics.

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