Scribd
Upload
5 views

ICT Revision EOS 2

The document outlines key programming concepts and methodologies, including definitions of terms like algorithm, variable, and data types. It contrasts two project management approaches: the Waterfall model, which is linear and sequential, and the iterative process (Agile), which allows for client feedback and project refinement at each stage. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of testing and pseudocode in programming to ensure clarity and error detection.

Uploaded by

mauhaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

ICT Revision EOS 2

The document outlines key programming concepts and methodologies, including definitions of terms like algorithm, variable, and data types. It contrasts two project management approaches: the Waterfall model, which is linear and sequential, and the iterative process (Agile), which allows for client feedback and project refinement at each stage. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of testing and pseudocode in programming to ensure clarity and error detection.

Uploaded by

mauhaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Vocab:

-​ Evolving: changing and improving


-​ Iterative process: how a project develops throughout stages
-​ Program: the instructions that tell a computer how to complete task
-​ Initial requirements: the idea and starting plan for a project
-​ Client: the person a product is being developed for; or a computer
device that requests access to a service that a server provide
-​ Decomposition: the process of breaking down a problem into smaller
sub-problems to make it easier to solve
-​ Interface: how a user interact with a product
-​ Algorithm: step-by-step instruction to solve a particular problem
-​ Flowchart: a visual representation of an algorithm
-​ Pseudocode: a textual representation of an algorithm
-​ Test plan: a document that details the test to be carried out when a
program is complete and whether or not they are successful
-​ Iteration/Iterate: repetition / to repeat
-​ Decompose: break down
-​ Glossary: where the keywords and their definition is found
-​ Data: raw facts and figures
-​ Modify: update of changes
-​ Conditional statement: a statement or expression that uses conditional
operators and produces result that are either TRUE or FALSE
-​ Variable: a named temporary storage location in a computer; it can
hold one value and this can be changed at any point in a computer
program
-​ Declared: where a variable has been set up with it initial value
-​ Selection: a choice in a program that is based on a question; the
answer determines the next instruction to be run
-​ Data type: the set type of data that is being stored, e.g: number, string,
data
-​ String: a sequence of characters that can be text, number or symbols;
quotation marks around the characters define them as a string
-​ Assigned: giving a variable a value when it is created
-​ Integer: a whole number
-​ Boolean: can store only two values: TRUE or FALSE
-​ Condition: the question that is asked to determine the next instruction
in a program; or a set of rules to test a data item.
-​ Indented: describe a line of code that has been moved away from the
left-hand margin to represent the code that will run if the condition is
met
-​ Boolean operator: the three main boolean operators are AND,OR and
NOT
Lesson 1:​

way 1 iteration: Waterfall model:


-​ a way of planning and organizing a project or a task, each step flows
down onto the next one in order without going back. When it is used,
the client delivers the project requirements and only sees the final
product at the end.
+ Simple, step-by-step to get things done
- can be hard if you find problems later because you can’t go back

Planning: gathering and understanding the client’s requirements


Design: depends on the project being created; where interface and algorithm
was created if needed.
Develop: focusing on creating the product, where code is written if required
Test: checked and gather feedback (included test plan); client and users are
involved
Review & Evaluate:evaluate and improve product before the final is launched

way 2 iteration: iterative process (also known as agile approach)


-​ Involves splitting the project into smaller parts called sprint, reduced
planning as the client is involved at the completion of each stage,refine
and develop the project and ensure that it meets the requirements.

Planning: the projecy has an initial plan that is put together from the
requirements of the client
Design: plan the algorithm required
Develop: include writing the program
Test: requires a test plan; identifies and fix errors
Review & evaluate:where users check program code and provides feedback;
client is brought in to check if they are happy with this part before proceed

Compare:
Waterfall process
-​ More time is spent on the planning stage before moving to
development.
-​ The client delivers the project details and then sees the final product at
the end
-​ The project starts and moves down to the next step as each individual
step is completed.
Iterative process
-​ The client is involved in each stage to help to refine and develop the
product.
-​ The process develops as the project does.
-​ The project is split into smaller sections and the sections are looked at
in order of priority.

Lesson 2:

Agile approach: a type of iteration, focuses on finishing small part, getting


feedback from the client and making improvements before move on to the
next part
-​ Why use? fix problem early, get better ideas, stay on track

Advantages of iteration:
+​ Ideas are developed and are fixed to changes
+​ There is less chance of errors or misunderstandings
+​ Errors are detected and rectified quickly
+​ It can be a quicker process

Disadvantages of iteration:
-​ There are fixed deadlines
-​ The client is involved throughout and gives regular feedback, which
can slow down development
-​ The client’s vision may change as the product develops

Lesson 4:​

A variable is like a special box in programming where you can put things
in/out, you can change what is inside a variable whenever you need to.
-​ Assigned value by equal sign (=), Compare value by 2 equal sign (==)
-​ Ex: name = “Sophia” -> The value has been placed in quotation marks
to define it as a string
Need to give the variable a sensible name that is appropriate with it.

Data types:
-​ Integer : a whole number
-​ String: a sequence of characters that can be text,number of symbols;
the quotation marks around the characters define it as a string
-​ Real/float: a number with a decimal point
-​ Boolean: can store only 2 value : TRUE or FALSE/ YES or NO
Boolean logic operators:
== equal to

> less than

< more than

<= less than or equal to

>= more than or equal to

!= not equal

Boolean example:
Pseudocode & flowchart example:​

Lesson 3:
Using the Iterative process, there will be time when two developers working
at the different sections at the same time. Using it reduces the time to
develop the plan of the project

They would start by breaking down the key areas in the project

For example:
If two developers were creating the program for an eco quiz, there may be
two different levels that could split into separate parts for two developers. An
eco quiz could contain questions around environmental matters.

They would start by breaking down the:


-​ The user needs to select the difficulty level
-​ The choices the user makes determines the next section of the
program to run
-​ Each difficulties level will have a series of questions for the users to
answer
-​ Each question will have a set number and the user will be told whether
their answer is correct or incorrect
The key areas:
-​ A program help to ask the user to select the difficulty level
-​ A set of questions for easy level using conditional statements
-​ A set of questions for the difficulty level using conditional statements.
The algorithm can be presented in 2 ways:
-​ Flowchart
-​ Pseudocode​
However using commas, colons, brackets is not require, recommended when
creating a pseudocode
Key flowchart:
Parallelogram: INPUT, OUTPUT
Square: Task, Variable, Action, Operation
Circle: Start, Stop
Diamond: Condition

Lesson 5:
Pseudocode is a way of writing instructions for a computer program in a
simple and easy to understand format. It’s not a programming language, but
it helps the user to plan out how they will code for their program.
Example:
Pseudocode
START
score = 0
question1 = INPUT “Is a long term change in weather patterns a sign of
climate change?”
STOP
Python
score = 0
question1 = input(“Is a long term change in weather patterns a sign of
climate change?: “)

It is important to understand that the algorithm reflects to the code per


command line
Lesson 6:
Testing is an important part of any program development, once a section of
the program has been written, it is tested. It is easier to find and fix errors in
a small amount of code rather than waiting until the program is finally
developed.
Key:
How to create the code that the user can type different version of the answer
Example:

if ans == “Yes” or ans == “yes”:


​ print(“Correct”)
elif ans == “Y” or ans == “y”:
​ print(“Correct”)
elif ans == “YES”:
​ print(“Correct”)
else:
​ print(“Incorrect”)

You might also like