# Romaji Grammar Grammar Meaning

1 cha ikenai / ja ikenai ちゃいけない・じゃいけない must not do (spoken Japanese)

2 da / desu だ / です to be (am, is, are, were, used to)
3 dake だけ only; just; as much as ~
4 darou だろう I think; it seems; probably; right?
5 de で in; at; on; by; with; via ~
6 demo でも but; however; though ~
7 deshou でしょう I think; it seems; probably; right?
8 donna どんな what kind of; what sort of
9 doushite どうして why; for what reason; how
10 douyatte どうやって how; in what way; by what means​
11 ga が subject marker; however; but ~
12 ga arimasu があります there is; is (non-living things)
13 ga hoshii がほしい to want something
14 ga imasu がいます there is; to be; is (living things)
15 hou ga ii ほうがいい had better; it'd be better to; should ~
16 i-adjectives い-adjectives i-adjectives
17 ichiban 一番（いちばん） the most; the best
18 issho ni 一緒に（いっしょに） together
19 itsumo いつも always; usually; habitually
20 janai / dewa nai じゃない・ではない to not be (am not; is not; are not)
21 ka か question particle
22 ka~ka か～か or
23 kara から because; since; from
24 kata 方（かた） the way of doing something; how to do ~
25 kedo けど but; however; although ~
26 keredo mo けれども but; however; although ~
27 mada まだ still; not yet
28 mada ~te imasen まだ～ていません have not yet ~
29 made まで until; as far as; to (an extent); even ~
30 mae ni 前に（まえに） before; in front of ~
31 masen ka ませんか would you; do you want to; shall we ~
32 mashou ましょう let's ~; shall we ~
33 mashouka ましょうか shall I ~; used to offer help to the listener
34 mo も too; also; as well
35 mou もう already; anymore; again; other
36 na-adjectives な-adjectives na-adjectives
sentence ending particle; confirmation;
37 naa なあ admiration, etc

38 naide ないで without doing ~; to do [B] without doing [A]

39 naide kudasai ないでください please don't do ~
40 naito ikenai ないといけない must do; have an obligation to do ~
41 naku temo ii なくてもいい don't have to
42 nakucha なくちゃ must do; need to; gotta do ~
43 nakute wa ikenai なくてはいけない must do; need to do
44 nakute wa naranai なくてはならない must do; need to do ~
45 naru なる to become
46 ndesu んです to explain something; show emphasis
47 ne ね isn't it? right? eh?
48 ni に destination particle; in; at; on; to
49 ni iku に行く（にいく） go to do ~
50 ni suru にする to decide on
51 ni/e に/へ to (indicates direction / destination)
52 no の possessive particle
53 no desu のです to explain something; show emphasis
54 no ga heta のが下手（のがへた） to be bad at doing something
55 no ga jouzu のが上手（のがじょうず） to be good at
56 no ga suki のが好き（のがすき） to like doing something
no naka de [A] ga の中で[A]が一番（のなかで[A]がいち
57 ichiban ばん） out of this group, [A] is best
58 node ので because of; given that; since ~
59 o / go お/ご polite marker; honorific prefix particle
60 o / wo を object marker particle
61 o kudasai をください please give me ~
62 shikashi しかし but; however ~
63 sore kara それから and; and then; after that; since then
64 soshite そして and; and then; thus; and now ~
65 sugiru すぎる too much
66 ta koto ga aru たことがある to have done something before
67 tai たい want to do something
68 tari~tari たり～たり do such things as A and B
69 te aru てある is/has been done (resulting state)
70 te iru ている ongoing action or current state
71 te kara てから after doing ~
72 te kudasai てください please do
73 te wa ikenai てはいけない must not; may not; cannot
74 temo ii desu てもいいです is OK to ~; is alright to ~; may I ~?
75 to と and; with; as; connecting particle
76 toki とき when; at this time
77 totemo とても very; awfully; exceedingly​
78 tsumori つもり plan to ~; intend to ~
79 wa - topic marker は topic marker
80 wa ~yori... desu は〜より・・・です [Noun-1] is more ~ than [Noun-2]
81 wa dou desu ka はどうですか how about; how is
82 ya や and; or; connecting particle
83 yo よ you know; emphasis (ending particle)
84 yori ~hou ga より～ほうが [2] is more than [1]