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quiz01_sol

The document is a quiz for a Mathematical Analysis II course, dated February 26, 2025, containing problems related to uniform convergence of series of functions and properties of power series. It includes definitions, proofs, and conditions for convergence in metric and normed spaces. The quiz assesses understanding of convergence concepts and the application of the Weierstrass M-test.

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hubertkuo418
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3 views

quiz01_sol

The document is a quiz for a Mathematical Analysis II course, dated February 26, 2025, containing problems related to uniform convergence of series of functions and properties of power series. It includes definitions, proofs, and conditions for convergence in metric and normed spaces. The quiz assesses understanding of convergence concepts and the application of the Weierstrass M-test.

Uploaded by

hubertkuo418
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Analysis II quiz 01. Feb.

26, 2025
班別： , 姓名： , 學號：

1. Let (M, d) be a metric space, (V, ∥ · ∥) be a normed spaces, A ⊆


M be a subset, and fk : A → V be functions for k = 1, 2, · · · .
P∞
(a) (5 pts) State the definition of that the series fk con-
k=1
verges uniformly on a set B ⊆ A.
(b) (10 pts) Suppose that (V, ∥ · ∥) is complete and there exists
Mk > 0 such that sup ∥gk (x)∥ ≤ Mk for all k ∈ N and
x∈A
P
∞ P
∞
Mk converges. Show that fk converges uniformly
k=1 k=1
and absolutely on A.

Sol.
P
∞
(a) The series of functions fk is said to converge uniformly
k=1
on B if there exists f : B → V such that the sequence of
Pn
partial sum {sn }∞
n=1 given by sn = fk converges uni-
k=1
formly to f on B.
P
n
(b) For n ∈ N, let sn : A → V defined as sn = fk . Let ε > 0
k=1
P
∞
be given. Since Mk converges, there exists N ∈ N such
k=1
that
X
n X
n
n>m≥N ⇒ Mk = Mk < ε
k=m+1 k=m+1

Therefore for n > m ≥ N and x ∈ B, we have


X
n X
n
∥sn (x) − sm (x)∥ = fk (x) ≤ ∥fk (x)∥
k=m+1 k=m+1
Xn
≤ Mk < ε
k=m+1

This shows that the sequence of functions {sn }∞ n=1 satis-


fies the Cauchy criterion and hence {sn }∞
n=1 converges uni-
P
∞
formly on A. Therefore, fk converges uniformly on A.
k=1
P
n
Moreover, if we define gn : A → R as gn (x) = ∥fk (x)∥,
k=1
then above inequalities also shows that {gn }∞
satisfies
n=1
P
∞
the Cauchy criterion. Thus ∥fk ∥ converges uniformly
k=1
P
∞
on A which shows that fk converges absolutely on A.
k=1

2. (a) (10 pts) Let {ak }∞
k=1 ⊆ R be sequence and c ∈ R. If the
P
∞
series ak (x − c)k converges at some point b ̸= c. Show
k=0
that the series converges pointwise on D(c, |b − c|), and
converges uniformly on any compact subset of D(c, |b − c|).
(b) (5 pts) State the definitions of the radius of convergence
P
∞
and the interval of convergence of the series ak (x − c)k .
k=0

Sol.
P
∞
(a) Since ak (b−c)k converges, so lim |ak ||b−c|k = 0. Thus,
k=0 k→∞
there exists M > 0 such that |ak ||b − c|k ≤ M for all k.
For x ∈ D(c, |b − c|) we have
X∞ X∞ X∞  |x − c| k
|ak (x − c)k | ≤ |ak ||x − c|k = |ak ||b − c|k
k=0 k=0 k=0
|b − c|
∞ 
X |x − c| k
≤M
k=0
|b − c|

|x − c| P∞  |x − c| k
Since 0 ≤ < 1, so the geometric series
|b − c| k=0 |b − c|
P
∞
converges. By comparison test, we have that ak (x − c)k
k=0
converges absolutely and hence is convergent. Further-
more, let K ⊆ D(c, |b − c|) be a compact set, then
dist(K, ∂D(c, |b−c|)) ≡ inf{|x−y| x ∈ K, |y−c| = |b−c|} > 0.
|b − c| − dist(K, ∂D(c, |b − c|))
Define r = . Then 0 ≤ r <
|b − c|
1, and |x − c| ≤ r|b − c| for all x ∈ K. Therefore,
 |x − c| k
|ak (x − c)k | = |ak ||b − c|k ≤ M rk , ∀ x ∈ K
|b − c|
P
∞
By Weierstrass M -test, the series ak (x − c)k converges
k=0
uniformly on K.
P
∞
(b) The radius of convergence R of ak (x − c)k is defined as
k=0
n X
∞ o
R = sup r ≥ 0 ak (x − c)k converges in D(c, R) .
k=0

and the interval D(c, R) = (c − R, c + R) is said to be the


P
∞
interval of convergence of ak (x − c)k .
k=0


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