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quiz03_sol

The document is a quiz for a Mathematical Analysis II course, dated March 12, 2025, containing problems related to metric spaces, the Weierstrass Theorem, and properties of continuous functions. It includes definitions, proofs, and theorems regarding function separation, polynomial approximation, and compact subsets in metric spaces. The quiz tests students' understanding of these concepts through specific mathematical problems.

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2 views

quiz03_sol

The document is a quiz for a Mathematical Analysis II course, dated March 12, 2025, containing problems related to metric spaces, the Weierstrass Theorem, and properties of continuous functions. It includes definitions, proofs, and theorems regarding function separation, polynomial approximation, and compact subsets in metric spaces. The quiz tests students' understanding of these concepts through specific mathematical problems.

Uploaded by

hubertkuo418
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Analysis II quiz 03. Mar.

12, 2025
班別： , 姓名： , 學號：

1. (a) (5 pts) Let (M, d) be a metric space, F be a family of


functions defined on M . State the definition that F sep-
arates points on M , and F vanishes at no point on M
respectively.
(b) (5 pts) State the Weierstrass Theorem for general closed
interval.

Sol.
(a) F is said to separate points on M if for all x, y ∈ M and
x ̸= y, there exists f ∈ F such that f (x) ̸= f (y), while F
is said to vanish at no point of M if for each x ∈ M there
is f ∈ F such that f (x) ̸= 0.
(b) Let f : [a, b] → R be continuous and let ε > 0 be given.
Then there is polynomial p : [a, b] → R such that ∥f −
p∥∞ < ε. In other words, the collection of all polynomials
is dense in the space C ([a, b]; R), ∥ · ∥∞ .

2. (10 pts) Let f : [0, 1] → R be a continuous function. Suppose
ˆ 1
that f (x)xn dx = 0, ∀ n ∈ N ∪ {0}. Show that f ≡ 0 on [0, 1]
0

Proof. Since f ∈ C ([0, 1]; R), by Weierstrass Theorem, there


exists sequence of polynomials {pk }∞ k=1 ⊆ P([0, 1]) such that
lim ∥pk − f ∥∞ = 0. Since [0, 1] is compact, so f, pk , k ∈ N are
k→∞
bounded. By HW01-5(ii),
lim ∥f pk − f 2 ∥∞ = ∥f ∥∞ lim ∥pk − f ∥∞ = 0,
k→∞ k→∞

that is, {f pk }∞
converges uniformly to f 2 on [0, 1] as k → ∞.
ˆ 1
k=1

Since f (x)x dx = 0, ∀ n ∈ N ∪ {0}, so


n
0
ˆ 1
f (x)pk (x)dx = 0, ∀ k ∈ N.
0
ˆ 1 ˆ 1
2
Hence f (x)dx = lim f (x)pk (x)dx = 0. Since f 2 is non-
0 k→∞ 0
2
negative on [0, 1], so f = 0 on [0, 1] by HW12-2(ii) in Mathe-
matical Analysis I. Therefore f = 0 on [0, 1]. 
3. (10 pts) Let (M, d) be a metric space, K ⊆ M be a compact
subset, and A ⊆ C (K; R) be an algebra. Show that |f | ∈
A,
s ∀ f ∈ A.
s
Proof. Let M = sup |f (x)|, and ε > 0 be given. By Weierstrass
x∈K
ε
theorem, there exists polynomial p̃(y) such that p̃(y)−|y| <
2
ε
for all y ∈ [−M, M ]. In particular, p̃(0) − |0| = |p̃(0| < . Let
2
p(y) = p̃(y) − p̃(0). Then p(0) = 0 and
p(y) − |y| = p̃(y) − p̃(0) − |y| ≤ p̃(y) − |y| + |p̃(0)|
ε ε
< + = ε, ∀ y ∈ [−M, M ]
2 2
Since f ∈ A, then g = p ◦ f ∈ A.
s s So we have g(x) − |f (x)| < ε
for all x ∈ K. That is, g − |f | ∞ < ε which implies that
|f | ∈ cl(A)
s = A.s 

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