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The document discusses the definition and classification of resources, including biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and ownership categories. It also outlines the status of development of resources, such as potential, developed, stock, and reserves. Additionally, it describes various types of soil in India, highlighting their characteristics and suitable crops.

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Lata Singh
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5 views

Document (2)

The document discusses the definition and classification of resources, including biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and ownership categories. It also outlines the status of development of resources, such as potential, developed, stock, and reserves. Additionally, it describes various types of soil in India, highlighting their characteristics and suitable crops.

Uploaded by

Lata Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1 :RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT

1.Resources

Definition: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs,
provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable,
can be termed as a resource.

Examples: Water, forests, minerals, land, etc.

Classification of Resources

Resources can be classified in the following ways:

On the Basis of Origin:

i)Biotic Resources: These are obtained from the biosphere and have life.

Example: Plants, animals, human beings.

ii)Abiotic Resources: These are non-living things.

Example: Minerals, metals, air, water.

On the Basis of Exhaustibility:

i)Renewable Resources: These can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical, or


mechanical processes.

Example: Solar energy, wind energy, forests.

ii)Non-renewable Resources: These are available in limited quantity and cannot be


replaced quickly.

Example: Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

On the Basis of Ownership:

i)Individual Resources: Owned by individuals.

Example: Land owned by farmers, houses, etc.


ii)Community Owned Resources: Accessible to all the members of the community.

Example: Parks, playgrounds, burial grounds.

iii)National Resources: Owned by the government.

Example: Roads, railways, forests, rivers.

iv)International Resources: No single country owns them; they are regulated by


international institutions.

Example: Oceanic waters beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone.

On the Basis of Status of Development:

i)Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been used yet.

Example: Wind energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

ii)Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quantity and quality
have been determined.

Example: Coal in Jharkhand.

iii)Stock: Resources that have the potential to satisfy human needs but we do not have the
required technology to access them.

Example: Hydrogen as a source of energy.

iv)Reserves: These are a subset of stock that can be used with present technology but
have not yet been started.

Example: Water in dams.

Classification of Soil in India

India has different types of soil due to different landforms, climate, and vegetation. The
major types of soil found in India are:

i)Alluvial Soil:Found in northern plains and river valleys. Formed by deposition of


sediments by rivers. Very fertile and suitable for growing wheat, rice, sugarcane, etc.Rich in
potash and phosphoric acid.

Example of crops: Wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, and oilseeds.


ii)Black Soil:It is also called Regur soil.Found in the Deccan plateau region (Maharashtra,
MP, Gujarat).Ideal for cotton cultivation.Rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash,
and lime.

Example of crops: Cotton (main crop), soybeans, millets, and pulses.

iii)Red and Yellow Soil:Found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern Madhya


Pradesh.Formed by weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks.Less fertile, needs
fertilisers.

Example of crops: Groundnut, millets, pulses, and rice (with proper irrigation).

iv)Laterite Soil:Found in high rainfall areas like Western Ghats, parts of Assam,
Odisha.Rich in iron oxide, poor in fertility.Good for plantation crops like tea and coffee after
proper treatment.

Example of crops: Tea, coffee, cashew, and rubber (after proper treatment).

v)Arid Soil:Found in Rajasthan and Gujarat.Sandy texture, low moisture content.Lacks


humus and moisture.

Example of crops: Bajra (pearl millet), barley, and pulses.

vi)Forest Soil:Found in hilly and mountainous areas.Varies according to climate and


vegetation.Fertile in valley areas, less fertile in upper slopes.

Example of crops: Maize, fruits like apples, pears, and spices in some regions

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