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CRD (Completely Randomized Design).Ppt

The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is a simple experimental design used when experimental units are homogeneous, allowing treatments to be randomly assigned. Its advantages include maximum use of experimental units, ease of layout and analysis, and flexibility in treatment numbers, while its main disadvantage is its limited applicability to small treatment numbers and homogeneous materials. The design involves a linear model and analysis of variance to test treatment effects, with specific steps for computing sums of squares and testing hypotheses.

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76 views

CRD (Completely Randomized Design).Ppt

The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is a simple experimental design used when experimental units are homogeneous, allowing treatments to be randomly assigned. Its advantages include maximum use of experimental units, ease of layout and analysis, and flexibility in treatment numbers, while its main disadvantage is its limited applicability to small treatment numbers and homogeneous materials. The design involves a linear model and analysis of variance to test treatment effects, with specific steps for computing sums of squares and testing hypotheses.

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farazi.2301062
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Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

This is the simplest experimental design which can be


applied when the experimental units can be
assumed to be homogeneous. In this design
treatments are randomly arranged over the entire
experimental material so that each treatment has
the equal chance to be assigned to any of the
experimental units. The number of repetitions or
replications of different treatments may be equal or
different.
Advantages :
The chief advantages of the completely randomized design
are –
1. The design results in the maximum use of the experimental
units since all the experimental material can be used.
2. Layout is easy and analysis of variance is simple.
3. The design allows maximum degrees of freedom in the
error sum of squares.
4. The design is very flexible. Any number of treatments can
be used and unequal number of replications for different
treatments does not cause any complication in analysis of
variance.
Disadvantage :
The main disadvantage of the design is that it is
usually applicable for small number of treatments
and when the experimental material is
homogeneous. Completely randomized design is
seldom used in field experiments because
homogenous units over the whole experimental
area is rarely available in practice.
Layout of Completely Randomized Design :
The term layout means the assignment of treatments
under trial to the experimental units. The whole
experimental material is divided into number of
experimental units of equal size and the treatments are
assigned to these units entirely at random, i.e.
treatments are assigned in such a way that each
treatment gets equal chance to be assigned to any of
the experimental units. If we have a total of N
experimental units for assigning p treatments, the
treatment ti (i=1, 2, ........, p) may be assigned to ri units;
that is to say the ith treatment is replicated ri times.
When each treatment is replicated an equal number of
times, r1 = r2 = ....... = rp = r such that Σri = N.
Linear Model and Partition of Sum of Squares :
The linear model for a completely randomized design
is
yij = μ + ti + eij ; i = 1, 2, ....., p and j = 1, 2, ......, ri
Where,
yij is the effect of the ith treatment in the jth array.
µ is the general mean
ti is the effect of the ith treatment, and
eij is the error due to the jth replication of the
ith treatments and normally distributed with zero
mean and constant variance.
Layout plan of CRD
Analysis of variance may be described in the following
steps :
1. First we compute Correction Term (CT) =
Where N = Total number of observations
2. Sum of squares are computed as -

SS (Total) = - CT with (N-1) d.f.

SS (Treat.) = - CT with (p-1) d.f.

SS (Error) = SS (Total) - SS (Treat.) with (N - p) d.f.


3. Results are summarized in the analysis of variance
table as shown below:
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Table
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean of F-ratio
Variation Freedom Squares Squares
(SV) (df) (SS) MS =

Treatment P-1 SST MST F

Error N-p SSE MSE

Total N-1 TSS


4. For testing the equality of treatment effects
Null Hypothesis: Ho: t1 = t2 = ... = tp
Or, all the treatments effects are same.
We compute the test statistic, with (p-1) and
(N-p) d.f.
This computed F-value is compared with the
tabulated value of F at desired level of significance.

Decision: Reject the null hypothesis if calculated value


is greater than the tabulated value, otherwise
accept the null hypothesis.

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