Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Book 2A Chapter 5 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

 Warm-up Exercise

1. Consider the formula x + 4y = 5. In each of the following, make the variable the subject of the formula.
(a) x (b) y

3x
2. Consider the formula = y + 1 . In each of the following, make the variable the subject of the formula.
7
(a) x (b) y

3. (a) Make x the subject of the formula 3x – 4y = x + y.

(b) Make y the subject of the formula x – 3(2x + y) = 7 – y.
(c) Make z the subject of the formula y2z = 6z + 1.

4. (a) If x = 2 and y = –3, find the value of the algebraic expression 5x + y.

(b) If x = –4 and y = –5, find the value of the algebraic expression x – 2(y + 1).

1
5. (a) If x = –4 and y = , find the value of the algebraic expression xy – x + 3.
2
1 1
(b) If x = − , y = − and z = 2, find the value of the algebraic expression y2 + x(y – z).
3 4

6. Solve the following equations.

7y
(a) 3x + 4 = 10 (b) 1 − = −13
2

7. Solve the following equations.

y +1
(a) 3(x – 2) = 5x + 8 (b) = −( y + 1)
5

8. Write down the coordinates of points A, B, C, D and E in the figure. y

4 B
2
C
D
x
–4 –2 0 2 4
–2 A
E
–4

9. (a) Plot the points P(0, 0), Q(2, 6), R(2, 5) and S(–2,–3) on a rectangular coordinate plane.
(b) Join PQ and RS. Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection.

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Book 2A Chapter 5

5.1 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Demonstration 1
In each of the following, check whether the given 1. In each of the following, check whether the
ordered pair is a solution of the equation 3x + y = 1. given ordered pair is a solution of the equation
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, –3) 2x – 3y = 2.
Solution (a) (4, 3) (b) (–5, –4)
(a) Put x = 0 and y = 1 into the equation.
L.H.S. = 3(0) + 1 = 1
R.H.S. = 1
Since L.H.S. = R.H.S., (0, 1) is a solution of
the equation 3x + y = 1.
(b) Put x = 1 and y = –3 into the equation.
L.H.S. = 3(1) + (–3) = 0
R.H.S. = 1
Since L.H.S.  R.H.S., (1, –3) is not a solution
of the equation 3x + y = 1.

Demonstration 2
Draw the graph of the equation y = 3x – 1. 2. Draw the graph of the equation y = –x + 3.
Solution [Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions
y = 3x – 1 (1 cm) = 2 units]
x –1 0 2
y –4 –1 5
The graph of y = 3x – 1 is shown below.
y
8

6
y = 3x – 1
4

x
0
–4 –2 2 4
–2

–4

–6

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Demonstration 3
Use the graph of the equation y = –2x + 5 to answer 3. Use the graph of the equation x – 2y = 1 to
the following questions. answer the following questions.
y y

8 2
x – 2y = 1
6 1

4 y = –2x + 5 x
–2 0 1 2 3
–1
2 –1

x –2
–1 0 1 2 3

(a) Is (2, 1) a solution of the equation? (a) Is (0, 1) a solution of the equation?
(b) Is (–1, 6) a solution of the equation? (b) Is (3, 1) a solution of the equation?
(c) The point A(1, a) lies on the graph. What is the (c) The point P(p, –1) lies on the graph. What
value of a? is the value of p?
(d) The point B(b, 6) lies on the graph. What is the (d) The point Q(2, q) lies on the graph. What
value of b? is the value of q?
Solution
(a) (2, 1) is a point on the graph of y = –2x + 5.
Therefore, (2, 1) is a solution of the equation.
(b) (–1, 6) is not a point on the graph of
y = –2x + 5. Therefore, (–1, 6) is not a solution
of the equation.
(c) From the graph, when x = 1, y = 3.
∴ The coordinates of A are (1, 3).
a=3
(d) From the graph, when y = 6, x = –0.5.
∴ The coordinates of B are (–0.5, 6).
b = –0.5

According to the table below, find three solutions for each equation and complete the table. (4 – 8)
Equation Solutions
4. y = 3x (–2, ) (0, ) (3, )
5. y = 4x – 1 (–3, ) (0, ) (3, )
6. y = –5x + 2 (–1, ) (0, ) (1, )
7. − x −3
y= (–3, ) (0, ) (6, )
3
8. y = 2(x – 3) (0, ) (3, ) (4, )

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Book 2A Chapter 5

9. In each of the following, complete the table such that the ordered pairs (x, y) satisfy the given equation.
(a) y = 6x + 4 (b) y = 1 – 4x
x –1 0 1 2 x –2 0 2 3
y y

10. In each of the following, complete the table such that the ordered pairs (x, y) satisfy the given equation.
(a) y = –(x – 2) (b) y = 2(1 – x)
x –1 0 1 2 x –2 0 2 3
y y

11. In each of the following, complete the table such that the ordered pairs (x, y) satisfy the given equation.
x x−5
(a) y = +4 (b) y =
3 2
x –3 0 3 6 x –3 –1 0 3
y y

12. In each of the following, check whether the given ordered pair is a solution of the equation y = 2x – 1.
(a) (2, 3) (b) (–2, –3)

13. In each of the following, check whether the given ordered pair is a solution of the equation x – 2y = 3.
(a) (3, 3) (b) (–3, 0)

14. In each of the following, check whether the given ordered pair is a solution of the equation x + 2y = 4.
(a) (0, 2) (b) (–2, 4)

15. In each of the following, check whether the given ordered pair is a solution of the equation 3x + y = –1.
(a) (2, –5) (b) (–1, 2)

In each of the following,

(a) complete the following table such that the ordered pairs (x, y) satisfy the given equation,
x –2 0 2
y
(b) draw the graph of the given equation.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit] (16 – 17)
16. y = 2x – 3 17. y = 1 – x

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

In each of the following, draw the graph of the equation.

[Suggested scale for x-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit
Suggested scale for y-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units] (18 – 19)
18. y = 4x – 6 19. y = 2 – 3x

20. In each of the following, determine whether the point lies on the graph of the equation x + 4y = 3.
(a) A(7, –1) (b) B(0, 1)

21. In each of the following, determine whether the point lies on the graph of the equation y = 6x – 1.
(a) A(1, 6) (b) B(–1, –7)

22. Determine whether the graph of the equation 2x + 4y = 1 passes through each of the following points.
(a) A(–4, 2) (b) B(5, –2)

23. Determine whether the graph of the equation 5x – 3y + 1 = 0 passes through each of the following points.
(a) A(–2, 3) (b) B(1, 2)

24. (a) Draw the graph of the equation y = 3x + 5 from x = –3 to x = 3.

[Suggested scale for x-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit
Suggested scale for y-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) Use the graph in (a) to answer the following questions.
(i) Is (1, 8) a solution of the equation?
(ii) The point A(2, a) lies on the graph. What is the value of a?
(iii) The point B(b, –1) lies on the graph. What is the value of b?

25. (a) Draw the graph of the equation y = 7 – 3x from x = –3 to x = 3.

[Suggested scale for x-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit
Suggested scale for y-axis: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) Use the graph in (a) to answer the following questions.
(i) Does the graph cut the y-axis at (0, 7)?
(ii) The point C(–2, c) lies on the graph. What is the value of c?
(iii) The point D(d, 10) lies on the graph. What is the value of d?

26. (a) Draw the graph of the equation y = 2x – 9 from x = –2 to x = 6.

[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) Use the graph in (a) to answer the following questions.
(i) Does the graph cut the x-axis at (4, 0)?
(ii) The point P(3, p) lies on the graph. What is the value of p?
(iii) The point Q(q, –9) lies on the graph. What is the value of q?

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Book 2A Chapter 5

27. Consider the equation x + 2y = 3.

(a) Make y the subject of the given equation.
(b) Complete the following table such that the ordered pairs (x, y) satisfy the equation.
x –1 0 3
y
(c) Draw the graph of the given equation.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit]

In each of the following, draw the graph of the equation.

[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit] (28 – 35)
28. 2x + y = –4 29. x + 3y = –1
30. 2x + 3y = 5 31. 3x – 5y = –4
5x + 4 y x y
32. =1 33. + =1
3 4 2
x y 5y 3
34. − =1 35. x − =
3 2 2 2

36. Determine whether (2, –1) lies on both the graphs of the equations x – 3y = 5 and x + 5y + 3 = 0.

37. Determine whether (–5, –2) lies on both the graphs of the equations 4x + 3y + 26 = 0 and 5y – 2x = 1.

3
38. Determine whether (1, ) lies on both the graphs of the equations 3x + 2y = 6 and 4x + 6y = 13.
2

1 5 3 y 11
39. Determine whether ( − , ) lies on both the graphs of the equations x + 3y – 7 = 0 and 2 x + − =0.
2 2 2 4

40. The figure shows the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 11. P is a point on the graph. y
(a) Find the y-coordinate of P. 2x + 3y = 11
(b) Determine whether the graph passes through each of the following points. P
(i) (–2, 5) (ii) (2, 3) x
0 4

41. The figure shows the graph of the equation 3x – 2y = 8. Q is a point on the graph. y
(a) Find the x-coordinate of Q.
(b) Determine whether the graph passes through the point (–2, –6). Q
5
(c) Determine whether the graph cuts the y-axis at (0, –4). x
0
3x – 2y = 8

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

42. The figure shows the graph of the equation 5x – 4y = 6. R is a point on the graph. y
5x – 4y = 6
(a) Find the coordinates of R.
(b) John is going to draw the graph of 5x – 8y = 12 on the same rectangular
x
coordinate plane. Does the graph pass through R? 0
R

43. Consider the equation y = mx + c, where m and c are constants.

(a) A(0, 3) and B(6, 0) lie on the graph of the equation. Find the values of m and c.
(b) Determine whether the graph passes through the point (–8, 7).

44. Consider the equation px – 3y = 8, where p is a constant.

(a) P(–1, p) and Q(q, 4) lie on the graph of the equation. Find the values of p and q.
(b) R(r, –6) lies on the graph of the equation. Find the value of r.

45. Ben claims that there exists a linear equation in two unknowns x and y such that its graph passes through
the three points (1, 1), (10, 6) and (6, 3). Do you agree? Explain your answer.

46. Write down any two solutions of the equation x + 2y = 5 given that the values of x and y must be
positive.

47. Consider the equation ax + by = 5, where a and b are non-zero constants. If the graph of ax + by = 5
passes through (4, 3), give two possible sets of values of a and b.

48. Consider the equation ax + by = c, where a, b and c are non-zero constants. The graph of the equation
cuts the x-axis and y-axis at (4, 0) and (0, 6) respectively. Find a : b : c.

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Book 2A Chapter 5

Multiple Choice Questions

49. Which of the following may represent the graph of the equation 6x + 5y = 3?
A. y B. y

x x
0 0

y
C. D. y

x
0 x
0

50. The figure shows the graph of 13y = 5x + 26. Which of the following points lie(s) on the graph?
I. (5, 4) y
II. (8, 5) 13y = 5x + 26

III. (13, 7)
x
0
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only

51. Which of the following points does not lie on the graph of 4x – y + 3 = 0?
A. (–3, –9)
B. (–1, 1)
C. (0, 3)
D. (2, 11)

52. Which of the following equations has (3, –4) as a solution?

A. 3x + 8y + 24 = 0
B. 3x – 5y = 30
C. 3x – 4y = 24
D. 2x – 3y = 18

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

l X
72
2. 25

5.2 Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by the Graphical Method ]
X
± 2 )= 5

Demonstration 1
Solve the following simultaneous equations by the
graphical method.
不芯 1.
[

zad
(
 x + 2 y = 5 出回
Solve the simultaneous equations 
 x − y = −1 ②
Xx

 y = −x by the graphical method. md x y 11

xf 2 y = 5
=


-
-

2 x + 3 y = 3 1
② x = ↑ µ
-
-

Solution

y = –x 2x + 3y = 3
x=

X =
1

O
1
,
g
y

鼠照
=>
x −6 0 3 x −6 0 3 whent 1
y
=
2 x
=
5,
= 0
1
y 6 0 −3 y 5 1 −1 y
The graphs of y = –x and 2x + 3y = 3 are shown
C 1 ,
2) ( 5 07 ,
6
below.
y
x× 5
C5iO) →

6
① xtly e
= 5 ②x -

y
= -

“
N
4
4 (a, 的
→①
C1 2
)

3
→②
2
2x + 3y = 3 2
x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4
1
–2
x
–1 0 5
–4 1 2 3 4
y = –x

From the figure, the solution is x = −3, y = 3. X

x two ponts
onlb | seihe
In each of the following, write down the solution of the simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns. (2 – 5)
x 27
x= i
如

x + y = 0 3 x + y = 9 cy
0
2. 
 x − 2 y = −6
0
3. —

2 x − y = 1
~ g
y y
了xty q =

[ - 2 . 26] 4 [ 2137
= h 3x
-

4 y
x – 2y = –6 ↑ 3

2 2

x 1
–4 –2 0 2 4 3x + y = 9

–2 x
0 2 3 4
x+y=0 1
–4 –1 2x – y = 1

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心
、
。
丬一
。
一
心
心
 Book 2A Chapter 5

3 x − y = 5 3x − 4 y = 12
04. 
x − 3 y = 7
0
5. 
7 x − 2 y + 16 = 0

y y
2 3x – y = 5
x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4
1
–2
7x – 2y + 16 = 0
x 3x – 4y = 12
0
–1 1 2 )3 –4
( 1 2
-
,

\ –1
[ 4 –6 67
-
-

x – 3y = 7
–2
–8
–3

6. The figure on the right shows the graph of y = x – 1. Solve the y

 y = x −1
simultaneous equations  by drawing the graph of 3
y = 3 − x
y = 3 – x on the same rectangular coordinate plane. 2 y=x–1

x
0 1 2 3 4
–1

7. The figure on the right shows the graph of y = x – 3. Solve the y

y=x–3
y = x − 3
simultaneous equations  by drawing the graph of 1
x + 2 y = 0
x + 2y = 0 on the same rectangular coordinate plane. x
0 1 2 3 4
–1

–2

–3

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

y
8. (a) Draw the graphs of the equations y = 2x + 2 and x – 2y = 2
on the rectangular coordinate plane provided. x
–3 –2 –1 0 1
(b) Using the graphs in (a), solve the simultaneous equations
 y = 2x + 2 –1
 .
x − 2 y = 2 –2

–3

–4

x y
9. (a) Draw the graphs of the equations y = x + 1 and y = +1 3
2
on the rectangular coordinate plane provided. 2
(b) Using the graphs in (a), solve the simultaneous equations
1
y = x +1

 x .
x
 y = 2 + 1 –2 0 2
–1 1
–1

–2

In each of the following, solve the simultaneous equations by the graphical method.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit] (10 – 19)
 y = −2 x  y = 2x
10.  11. 
 y = 3x  y = 5 − 3x
 y = 2x +1 y = x −1
12.  13. 
y = −x − 2  y = 2x − 1
 y = −x
y = x +1 
14.  15.  x
 y = 2( x − 1)  y = − 2 − 1

y = x + 2
 y = x − 2
16.  x+3 17. 
 y = 2 x − 2 y = 1

x + 3 y = 4 2 x + 5 y + 17 = 0
18.  19. 
3 x − 2 y = 1 3 x + 2 y + 9 = 0

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Book 2A Chapter 5

In each of the following, write down the solution of the simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns. (20 – 25)
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary.)
x − 2 y + 1 = 0  x + 5 y = 18
20.  21. 
3 x + y = 9 6 x + 5 y = 7
y 3x + y = 9 y

4 4
x + 5y = 18
3 3
x – 2y + 1 = 0
2 2

1 1
6x + 5y = 7
x x
0 –3 –2 –1 0 3
–1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
1

x − 4 y = 7  x − 6 y = 15
22.  23. 
 4 x − 3 y = −8 3 x + 4 y = −7
y y

x x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 –3 –2 –1 0 3
1 2
1 4x – 3y = –81 –1 1 –1

–2 –2

x – 4y = 7 x – 6y = 15
–3 –3
1 1
–4 –4 3x + 4y = –7

3 x + 7 y − 5 = 0 x − 3 y + 5 = 0
24.  25. 
5 x − 3 y + 6 = 0 5 x − 2 y = 5
y 5x – 3y + 6 = 0 y
3x + 7y – 5 = 0 5x – 2y = 5
2 4

1 3
x – 3y + 5 = 0
x 2
–3 –2 0 3
–1 1 2
–1 1

–2 x
–1 0 5
1 2 3 4

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the graphical method.

[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit] (26 – 33)
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary.)
y = x + 4  y = 3x + 4
26.  27. 
4 x + 3 y = 7 3 x − 5 y = 1
2 x + 3 y = 1 x + y = 3
28.  29. 
 y = 3x + 5 3 x − 2 y = 5
x + y = 2 3 x − 2 y = 2
30.  31. 
5 x − 4 y + 19 = 0 3 x − 4 y = 3
x − 2 y + 4 = 0 3 x − 5 y + 12 = 0
32.  33. 
4 x − 5 y + 5 = 0 2 x + 7 y − 11 = 0

x − 3 y + 4 = 0
34. The figure shows the graphs of the simultaneous equations  which intersect at a point on
 y = mx + 3
the x-axis, where m is a constant. Find the value of m.
y
y = mx + 3

x – 3y + 4 = 0

x
0

k x − y = 8
35. The figure shows the graphs of the simultaneous equations  which intersect at a point
3x + 5 y + 1 = 0
(a, –2), where a and k are constants. Find the values of a and k.
y
kx – y = 8

x
0
(a, –2)

3x + 5y + 1 = 0

36. ax + by = c and px + qy = r are linear equations in two unknowns x and y, where a, b, c, p, q and r are
constants. The points (1, –3) and (4, 2) lie on the graph of ax + by = c. The graph of px + qy = r passes
ax + by = c
through (2, 2) and (3, –3). Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically.
 px + qy = r

37. The graphs of two linear equations x – 2y = 3 and 3x + y = r intersect at a point (p, q) in quadrant III,
where p, q and r are constants. Give two possible sets of values of p, q and r.

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Book 2A Chapter 5

3 x − 2 y + 8 = 0
38. (a) Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically.
2 x − 3 y + 7 = 0
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit]
3(2 p + 1) − 2(3q − 2) + 8 = 0
(b) Using the result of (a), solve  .
2(2 p + 1) − 3(3q − 2) + 7 = 0

Multiple Choice Questions

39. The figure shows the graphs of x = 2y, y = x – 2 and y = 2x – 3. y
y = 2x – 3
 y = 2x − 3 3
Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically.
x = 2 y
2

A. (1, –1)
1 x = 2y
B. (2, 1) y=x–2
C. (3, 3) x
0 1 2 3 4
D. (4, 2)
–1

y
40. The figure shows the graphs of y = 5x + 1 and 3x – 4y = 2. y = 5x + 1
 y = 5x + 1 2
Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically.
3x − 4 y = 2
1

A. The approximate solution is (–0.8, –0.4). x

–2 –1 0 1 2
B. The approximate solution is (–0.4, –0.8).
C. The exact solution is (–0.8, –0.4). –1
3x – 4y = 2
D. The exact solution is (–0.4, –0.8).
–2

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 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

5.3 Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by Algebraic Methods

Demonstration 1
y = x + 5 x = 3 y + 3
Solve the simultaneous equations 
 y = 1 − 3x
by 1. Solve the simultaneous equations 
x = y + 1
品 U
the method of substitution. by the method of substitution.
Solution
t ① 的站 ②
 y = x + 5 ...........(1)

 y = 1 − 3x .........(2)
Put (1) into (2).
x =θ+ 1

x + 5 = 1 – 3x
x + 3x = 1 – 5
3 yt 3 =
y+ 1

4x = –4
2 2
=
y
-

x = –1
Put x = –1 into (1).
1
=

y = (–1) + 5 y
=4
∴ The solution is x = –1, y = 4.

∞@
X=

d
Demonstration 2 1 1 t2
* 的 y
⑨
-

*
≡ =
-

x + 2 y = 8 ① 2. Solve the simultaneous equations

Solve the simultaneous equations  by
② 6
3 x − 4 y = −6
-

 ←=
− x + 2 y = 1
by the method of substitution.
the method of substitution. ① : xt 2 y =
8 3 x − y = 2
Solution
λ= 8 2 y
-
s (2
y
-
1 ) -

y
= 2

 x + 2 y = 8 ...........(1)

3 x − 4 y = − 6 .......(2 )
eO 的 to ② d by -
3 -
y
= 2

6
了x 4 g
-
=~ l
g
=

From (1), we have ~

6
3 (8 2
y)
εy = ×= 1
-
-
-

x = 8 – 2y ……….(3)
6y 4y 6
24 -
= -
-

Put (3) into (2). ≈

24 loy56 =
- -

3(8 – 2y) – 4y = –6
24 – 6y – 4y = –6 loy = 30
–10y = –30 =
y
y=3
x= 8 -

y
Put y = 3 into (3).
xx 8 rx 3
x = 8 – 2(3) = 2 x = 8 6 ~

∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 3. = 2

2 3
⑦
Te t 的 X
=

ey
=

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 87

止
二
 Book 2A Chapter 5

Demonstration 3 ①
5 x + 2 y = 9
Solve the simultaneous equations  by
0
3. Solve the simultaneous equations
3 x − 2 y = −1 − x + 6 y = −8 ①
the method of elimination.

− x + y = 2
by the method of elimination.
回
ㄇ
Solution ②
① -

5 x + 2 y = 9 ...........(1)
 C xtby ) [ xty ) = 8≈
-
- -
-

3 x − 2 y = −1 .........(2)
10
xtbytxxy
= -

(1) + (2): _

(5x + 2y) + (3x – 2y) = 9 – 1 5y = -

10
8x = 8 =
-

2
y
x =1 tyz 2
ine②
x + ( 2) 2
=
Put x = 1 into (1).
-

5(1) + 2y = 9 -
λ -
2 =
2
2y = 4
x= 4
y=2
-

x
= -
4
∴ The solution is x = 1, y = 2.

隧些
Demonstration 4
3 x + 5 y = 9 2 x + y = 5 ①
Solve the simultaneous equations 
5 x − y = −13
by 0
4. Solve the simultaneous equations 
x − 3 y = 6 ②
the method of elimination. by the method of elimination.
Solution

3x + 5 y = 9 ...........(1) ① ② xㄟ

不星沿志
12
 2x by
-
=

5 x − y = −13 .........(2)

{
(1) + 5 × (2):
(3x + 5y) + 5(5x – y) = 9 + 5(–13)
28x = –56
①

∴
x = –2
-

②
Put x = –2 into (2).
5(–2) – y = –13 2y
x / 1-
(
(

27
x- = / 5 - 12

7
–10 – y = –13 gtby = -

–y = –3
g
y=3
∴ The solution is x = –2, y = 3.

88 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

一一
一
 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

xt=
ly = l x
-

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of substitution. (5 – 22)
y = x x = − y
OG 0
:
5.  6. 
 y = 12 + 4 x 4 x + 3 y = 1
 y = 3 − 4x x + y = 0
①
a 竺
7.  8. 
 y = 4 − 3x  y = 4 x − 15
 y = 2 − 3x x = 5 y + 2
9.  10. 
x = 5 y + 6 5 x + 3 y = 38
 x = 17 − 5 y
11. 
4 x − 3 y = 26
12. 
ㄥ
Lat
{
2 x + 3 y = 6  y = 8 − 2x

Y
x + y = 1 x − y = 6
13.  14. 
x + 2 y = 4 2 x + y = 9

σ
 x − 3 y = −27 4 x + y = 42
0
15. 
 x + 4 y = 29 4xt 3 [
24 7 ) - = 3 τ
16. 
5 x − y = 39

①
4 x + 3 y = 39
17. 
2 x − wy = 7 2x 7
<θ lox 0
4x + 6 x 2
18. 
=
2 x + 3 y = 17
G 州
-

=
|= 3 q
39 t2 l
9 y − x = 2

y
-

O xrq b 0
28 = 4 x − y 5 = x + y 5
Y 7
19. 
32 = 5 x − 2 y
20. 
28 = 4 x + 5 y 些 G3 , Z

 x − y − 15 = 0
ㄨ 5 x + y − 28 = 0
021. 
3 x + y − 45 = 0 4 22. 
4 x − y − 26 = 0
-
15107
Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of elimination. (23 – 40)

OOO
x + y = 2 ① ψt ② x + y = 3 +
0
-

23.  24. 
x − y = 4 ② [ -

D 2
( xy) t +4 ]
− x + y = −1

0
 x − 2 y = −1 24 6
0 5 x + y = 28
=

25.  26. 
 x + 2 y = 11 x =
3 5 x − y = 32 ①
-
②

2 3
x − y = 5 Y  x + 3 y = 15
些
=
-

27.  1
0
28.  5xt3y xt 3y) -

x − 2 y = 8 5 x + 3 y = 51
-

=^

OO29. 458bz
O⑥ + +=
 x + 5 y = 49
 4 x − 5 y = −4
5 xu
}
=
4
0
5 x + y = 22
30. 
5 x + 4 y = 13
5x +3
= 57 -
C5

9 =
y
-

x -

3 =
36
y
X =
y

⑨ 2 x − 3 y = 1
31. 
2 x + y = 21 y *
= o √
21
=~
5 x − 4 y = 22
32. 
 x − 4 y = 14
← 4 x
~ 36

∞
5 x + 2 y + 13 = 0 -
3 X
× 5 x + y − 26 = 0
0
^

0
9XO
33.  34. 
5 x + 4 y + 21 = 0 2 x − y − 9 = 0
 x − 3 y + 11 = 0 3 y = x + 15
*
吧
35.  36. 
2 x − 3 y + 16 = 0 2 x − 3 y + 15 = 0
(
3 = xt 15
y
37. x + 2y = 2y – x = 8 38. –7x + 3y = 2x – 3y = 5 0 =λ 3 g +15 .

0
39. 4x + 5y = –(4x – y) = 6 40. 2x + 4y = –2x + 3y + 3 = 26
x 3 yt
)5 = 0

Ex Ty
-

+ 15= 0
-

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 89

《
生
一
一
一
二
一
一
 Book 2A Chapter 5

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of substitution. (41 – 58)
y  13 + 2 x
 = x−3 y = −
41.  3 42.  7
3x + 2 y = 18 3( x + y ) = −2 y − 14

3 x + 4 y = 27 5 x + 8 y = 31
43.  44. 
5 x − 3 y = 16 4 x + 3 y = 18

0
− 7 x − 4 y = 37
45. 
3x − 5 y = 11 C3 47 -
2 x − 7 y = 44
46. 
4 x − 5 y = 43
x 5  x 1 6y
0
 + 3y =
47.  5 2
2( x + 1) = 1 − 4 y
的 17 ,
 + =
48.  5 11 55
4 x + 2 y = 17

 3 2 xt 1 H( 千 y x 1
-

7 x − 8 y = 2 15 − 10 = 24
49. 
xt () =
3 50. 
 x + y = 1 2(
-

x − y = 1
 35 21 6  2 10 5
xt 1 = 号
 3  1

3x − 4 y = x 元 1 
2x + 5 y =
0
=
-
-

2 8
51. 
1
O
52. 
5 x + 2 y = 3 x + 7 y = 1
 3 汽  4
0
53. x + 3y = 2x + 9y = 2 0
54. 4x + y = 2x – 7y = 9
55. 2x + 5y = 3x + 7y = 3 56. 7x – 12y = 4x – 7y = 2 x≈ 72
57. 8x – 13y = 2x + 3y = 1 58. 5x + 3y = 2(x – 6) + 5y = –1

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of

87
λσ
∞
elimination. (59 – 74) 濲号
00
 x − 8 y = 29 × 33 ② 2 x − y = 1
× -
ray = 5y 4
=

59. 
0 60.  =

3 x + 5 y = 0Ψ ① ② -
 4 x − 7 y = −2 q y
3 x + 4 y = 4
61. 
5
g c
24 s )
-

0 57-
= -

2 x + 5 y + 5 = 0
62. 
的
29
6 x + 7 y = 1 7 x + 10 y + 4 = 0
品
57 =

y
-

=
-
s ㄨ≈
8 x − 4 y = 7 Y − 8 x + 17 y + 2 = 0
63.  64. 
− 2 x + 6 y = −3 − 2 x + 5 y + 5 = 0
3 x + 2 y = −2 5 x + 2 y = −20
65.  66. 
7 x − 3 y = 3 4 x + 5 y = 1
2 x − 3 y = 3 7 x + 10 y + 1 = 0
67.  68. 
3 x + 8 y = 2 3 x + 8 y + 19 = 0
69. y – x = 5x + 3y = 4 70. 2x + 5y = 3(2x – y) = 1
71. 3x + 4y = 2x + 3y = 4 72. 4x – 2y = 5x – 4y = 12
1.3x + 0.4 y = 8.2 0.9 x + 1.9 y = 0.3
73.  74. 
3x − 4 y = 14 0.2 x + 1.7 y = 3.9

90 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

一
一
、
一
casel

袒
”tOO
Case 2 * 0
7
7 {

nosolufon :
品品

①{
case 了 xty
=
1 ①
{Exty
-

=
2 -

②
性

U ×2 :

2* 到江
θ
zxtm 2
O = O
=l
的的在 sohtoi
一
 suseieeon
①
信 -
4 )y Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Eelimnlon el 的 neG
Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by an algebraic method. (75 – 86)

0 2 x = 5 y
Sbstlwt 的
x − 5y = 9
O 3x + 5 y = 3
[x 3
=
号
75. 
到 y- = 76. y
=
←×= 4 3
x − 4 y = 3 
3 x − 2 y = 3
77.  (三 )y 3 4 =
78. 
2 x + 4 y = 1
=
哈号 号
光告
-

7 x − 3 y = 2 3( x + 1) +加8 y = 1
n
-

售發 zm - 2 u= 号
 x 2y X =
  3 + 5 = 2
-
5y
1

3x + +1 = 0
t

以男
79.  2 80. 
5 x + 3 y + 1 = 0  x − 2y +1 = 4
>
Y = -
1
 3

x y
 4 + 6 = 1
:G ] 若
− 0.6 x + 1.7 y = 10.7
81.  82. 

社
2 x + y + 4 = 0 0.8 x − 0.9 y = −4.7
 3

2 x − 3 y − 3x + 7 y
83. = =1 84. 7.5x – 2y + 1 = 2.5x – 6y = 4
3 2
85. 3.2x – 5y = 1.2x + 6y = 6.3 86. 0.3x + 1.67 = 0.5x + 1.9y – 2.75 = 1.3y

ax + by = 22
87. It is given that (–3, 4) is the solution of the simultaneous equations  , where a and b are
bx − ay = −29
constants. Find the values of a and b.

mx + ny = 7
88. It is given that (2, –1) is the solution of the simultaneous equations  , where m and n are
nx + my = 1
constants. Find the values of m and n.

 px − qy − 20 = 0
89. It is given that (–2, –5) is the solution of the simultaneous equations  , where p and q
qx + py + 37 = 0
are constants. Find the values of p and q.

 y = 4 x − 3c
90. If  , where c is a constant, find x + y in terms of c.
 x = 4 y + 12

 y = 3 x + 2k
91. If  , where k is a constant, find x – y in terms of k.
x = 3 y − 8

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 91

工
。
一
曰
 σ
× 2
2 y 3
=
x

E
-

Book 2A Chapter 5
x 55= - q
0
92. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection A in the figure. y

{ axmaxsy 恐 qlo
A

C4 , )
2x – y = 3
5 x
0

=G
4x – 5y = –9

0
_
3
y

93. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection B in the figure.

是哆 y
3x – y = –10

( -
2 . 47 B

0
x
2x + 5y = 16

⑥ 2 x + 4 y = 5
94. (a) Solve 
3 x − 2 y = 5
.

≈
不志
d
(
2 4 3 2
(b) Using the result of (a), solve + = − =5.
p q p q

d
bzxt43
ax + by = 2
95. The solution of the simultaneous equations  is (–3, 1), where a, b and c are positive
− =
( ax cy 1

{
y)
2 x 5xt
的 8 = 6 x 2  = 5

constants. Find two possible sets of values of a, b and c.

= 5
16
10 xt y 2
-

zx 2 y
=

x=
2

可
G
z号
7 8 1
θ
10 x + 7 y = 4
0 16
=

96. (a) Solve  .

↑
5xx + 8 y = 6 xz
2 x2
y
Yqy = 8 ×=
loxtl 6 y = 12
10(a − b) + 7(a + b) = 4
(b) Using the result of (a), solve 
5(a − b) + 8(a + b) = 6
.
卞 =

和武的
= 年降
0
Multiple Choice Questions
97. If 5p – 2q = 2p – 4q = 16, then q =
X
G ← ↑
16

是漳 是藝
A. –4.
0B. –3.
C. 2.
D. 3.

ax + by = 22
98. If (x, y) = (8, –1) is a solution of the simultaneous equations 

A. –3.
bx − ay = 19
, then a =
济
B.
C. 2.
–2.
号
D. 3.
a =
多
92 © Educational Publishing House Ltd
米
一
一
 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

5.4 Applications of Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Demonstration 1
The difference of two numbers is 9. If 3 is added to 1. The sum of two numbers is 23. If 1 is added to
the larger number, the result is equal to two times of the larger number, the result is equal to two
the smaller one. Find these two numbers. times of the smaller one. Find these two
Solution numbers.
Let x be the larger number and y be the smaller
number. According to the problem, we have
 x − y = 9 ...........(1)

 x + 3 = 2 y .........(2)
(2) – (1): (x + 3) – (x – y) = 2y – 9
3 + y = 2y – 9
y = 12
Put y = 12 into (1).
x – 12 = 9
x = 21
∴ The two numbers are 21 and 12.

0
2. a and b are two numbers, where a is greater than b. If the sum of a and b is 13 and their difference is 7,
find the values of a and b.

3. p and q are two numbers. If p is equal to twice of q and p is greater than q by 4, find the values of p and
q.

0
4. c and d are two numbers. If c is equal to three times of d and c is less than four times d by 6, find the
values of c and d.

3
5. The sum of two numbers is 33 and the smaller number is the larger number. Find these two numbers.
8

6. The sum of two numbers is 27. The larger number is greater than three times the smaller one by 11. Find
these two numbers.

0
7. The difference of two numbers is 16. The larger number is less than twice the smaller one by 5. Find
these two numbers.

了 721

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 93

一
 Book 2A Chapter 5

7
8. The difference of two numbers is 24 and the larger number is greater than the smaller number by 4.
3

48
X
Find these two numbers.
x= ( 9
-

3 t 20+ 4) =

09. In the figure, the perimeter of the triangle is 28 cm and that of the rectangle is 48 cm. Find the values of
x and y.
←

x
53 24

Oamte
2yt 1
=
&t
(y + 4) cm
(y – 1) cm (2y + 4) cm
23
xty
=

(x + y) cm (x – 3) cm
*
tytyt 4 ty -

1 =
28
10. In the figure, the perimeter and the area of the trapezium are 50 cm and 100 cm2 respectively. Find the
values of x and y. xt 3 25

E 老嗚
=
y (3x – 7) cm

(2x + y) cm 8 cm

(4x + y – 5) cm 2

11. The perimeter of a rectangle is 50 cm. If the width of the rectangle is less than
2
yz
the length by 3 cm,
5
x 19
=

find the area of the rectangle.

12. Jack’s weight is x kg and Chris’s weight is y kg.

(a) The total weight of Jack and Chris is 145 kg. Set up an equation connecting x and y.
(b) Jack weighs 15 kg heavier than Chris. Set up an equation connecting x and y.
(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), find the weight of each of them.

13. Jessica’s height is x cm and Winnie’s height is y cm.

(a) Jessica is 35 cm taller than Winnie. Set up an equation connecting x and y.
5
(b) The height of Jessica is the height of Winnie. Set up an equation connecting x and y.
4
(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), find the height of each of them.

0
14. There are 35 students in S2B. The number of girls is three more than that of boys. How many boys and
girls are there in S2B?

15. Carmen and Linda share 70 candies. If Carmen gets four more candies than Linda gets, how many
candies does Linda get?

16. Amy has a $50 note and a $20 note. She exchanges all the money for a total number of 23 $2 coins and
$5 coins. How many $5 coins does she get?

94 © Educational Publishing House Ltd

 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

√
0 17. There are 15 passengers in a lift. The total weight of the passengers is 800 kg. The average weights of
child passengers
y
x and adult passengers are 40√
kg and 60 kg respectively. Find the numbers of child
passengers and adult passengers in the lift.
巡 xt 60 y 8000
=

15
Xty =

0
18. The total price of three pencils and five rulers is $49, while the total price of six pencils and three rulers
is $42. Find the prices of each pencil and each ruler.

19. The price of a rose is $12 less than twice that of a carnation. If Marco buys a dozen roses and five
carnations for $320, find the prices of a rose and a carnation.

e 20. In a theme park, there are some parrots and some turtles. They have 40 heads and 124 feet. How many
parrots and turtles are there in the theme park?

@∞
3
21. The total number of CDs and DVDs on a shelf is 126. If the number of CDs is that of DVDs, find the
4
difference between the numbers of CDs and DVDs on the shelf. 18
22. The tens digit of a two-digit number is 2 less than twice its units digit. If twice of the tens digit is equal
to three times the units digit, find the two-digit number.

23. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. A

(a) Find the values of x and y.

(2y + 3) cm (2x – 5) cm
(b) Find the perimeter of triangle ABC.
B C
(x – y + 1) cm

24. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. A (6 + y) cm D

(a) Find the values of x and y. 4x cm
2(y – 4) cm
(b) Find the perimeter of parallelogram ABCD.
B 2(2x + 1) cm C

25. The sum of the present ages of Anthony and his mother is 56. Eight years ago, the age of Anthony’s
mother was four times the age of Anthony. Find the present age of Anthony.

0 26. Daisy is 12 years older than Carmen. In 2003, the age of Daisy was three times the age of Carmen. Find
the ages of Daisy and Carmen in 2014.

© Educational Publishing House Ltd 95

一
 Book 2A Chapter 5

27. A mathematics test consists of 45 multiple choice questions. 2 marks are awarded for each correct
answer and 1 mark is deducted for each wrong answer. If Ryan answers all the questions in the test and
he gets 45 marks, how many questions does he answer correctly?

0
28. The total price of four apples is the same as the total price of three oranges. Ivy buys six apples and
eight oranges for $75. By how much is the price of an orange more than that of an apple?

29. Three years ago, the ages of Cindy and Jason were in the ratio 5 : 3. Five years from now, the sum of
their ages will be 40. By how many years is Cindy older than Jason?

30. A wire of length 2 m is cut into two parts. One part is bent to form a regular pentagon. Another part is
bent to form a regular octagon. If the length of the side of the regular pentagon is 1 cm longer than that
of the regular octagon, find the length of the side of the regular octagon.

31. Jason buys eight pens and five highlighters for $144. If the price of a pen is decreased by 25% and the
price of a highlighter is increased by 37.5%, Jason can buy exactly one highlighter more with the same
amount of money. Find the original price of a highlighter.

32. The numerator of a fraction is 3 less than the denominator. If the numerator and the denominator are
2
both decreased by 5, the value of the new fraction formed will be . Find the original fraction.
3

033. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. If the two digits are reversed, the value of the number
will be increased by 36. Find the original number.

2
34. Amy and Ben share a sum of money. Amy’s share is Ben’s share. If Amy give $22 to Ben, Amy’s
3
1
share is Ben’s share. Find the original amount that each of them share.
2

0
35. Rice A and rice B cost $9.6/kg and $7.2/kg respectively. They are mixed such that the total weight of the
mixture is 30 kg and the price of the mixture is $7.6/kg. Find the weights of rice A and rice B in the
mixture.

36. The price of a pencil is $2.5 and the price of a rubber is $3.5. Ricky buys some pencils and some
rubbers for $19.5. How many pencils and rubbers does he buy? Can you give other possible sets of
answer? Explain your answer.

96 © Educational Publishing House Ltd