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GAIT

The document discusses human gait, defining it as the translatory progression of the body through coordinated movements. It outlines the tasks, phases, subphases, and variables associated with gait, including stance and swing phases, as well as temporal and spatial variables. Additionally, it describes the determinants of gait, focusing on pelvic rotation, tilting, knee flexion, foot and ankle mechanisms, physiological valgus at the knee, and lateral displacement of the pelvis.

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Rudra Mistry
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2 views4 pages

GAIT

The document discusses human gait, defining it as the translatory progression of the body through coordinated movements. It outlines the tasks, phases, subphases, and variables associated with gait, including stance and swing phases, as well as temporal and spatial variables. Additionally, it describes the determinants of gait, focusing on pelvic rotation, tilting, knee flexion, foot and ankle mechanisms, physiological valgus at the knee, and lateral displacement of the pelvis.

Uploaded by

Rudra Mistry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAIT BY RUDRA MISTRY

GAIT

INTRODUCTION

 Human Locomotion Or Gait Is Described As Translatory Progression Of The Body As A


Whole Produced By Coordinated Rotary Movements Of Body Segments.

TASKS OF GAIT

1. Absorption Of Mechanical Energy For Shock Absorption And Stability, Or To


Decrease Forward Velocity Of The Body.
2. Maintenance Of Upright Posture And Balance Of Body.
3. Maintenance Of Support Of Head, Arms And Trunk That Is Preventing Collapse Of
Lower Limb.
4. Generation Of Mechanical Energy To Maintain Or Increase Forward Velocity.
5. Control Of The Foot Trajectory To Achieve Safe Ground Clearance And Gentle Heel
Or Toe Landing.

PHASES OF GAIT

1. STANCE PHASE -> When Some Part Of The Foot Is In Contact With The Floor,
Which Makes Up To 60% Of Gait Cycle.
2. SWING PHASE -> When The Foot Is Not In Contact With The Floor, Which Makes
Up To 40% Of Gait Cycle.

 STANCE PHASE

1. INITIAL CONTACT
 It Refers To When The Foot Of The Leading Extremity Strike The Ground.

2. FOOT FLAT
 It Occurs After Initial Contact
 Foot Is In Contact With Ground.

3. HEEL OFF
 It Is The Point At Which The Heel Of The Reference Extremity Leaves The Ground.

4. TOE OFF
 Instance At Which The Toe Of The Foot Leaves The Ground.

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GAIT BY RUDRA MISTRY

SUBPHASES OF GAIT
1. LOADING RESPONSE
 Phase Begins With Initial Contact And Ends With Foot Flat Of Contralateral
Extremity.
 Occupies 10% Of Gait Cycle.

2. MIDSTANCE PHASE
 Phase Begins Around The Time Of Foot Flat And Contralateral Toe Off At 10% Of
Gait Cycle And Ends With Heel Off At About 40% Of Gait Cycle.
 It Encompasses Most Of The Single Limb Support And Maintains Forward Progression
Of Body

3. PUSH OFF
 Phase Begins With Heel Off At About 40% Of Gait Cycle. And Ends With Toe Off At
About 60% Of Gait Cycle.

SWING PHASE

1. EARLY SWING / INTIAL SWING


 Begin Once The Toe Leaves The Ground And Continues Until Mid Swing

2. MIDSWING
 Occurs When The Extremity Passes Directly Beneath The Body.

3. TERMINAL SWING
 Occurs After Mid Swing When The Limb Is Decelerating. Is Preparation For Initial
Contact.

TEMPORAL VARIABLE

 Includes Stance Time, Single Limb And Double Limb Support Time, Swing Time, Stride
And Step Time, Cadence And Speed.
1. STANCE TIME -> Amount Of Time That Elapses During The Stance Phase Of One
Extremity In A Gait Cycle.
2. SINGLE SUPPORT TIME -> Amount Of Time That Elapses During The Period When
Only One Extremity Is On The Supporting Surface In
Gait Cycle.
3. DOUBLE SUPPORT TIME -> The Amount Of Time Spent With Both Feet On The
Ground During The One Gait Cycle.
4. STEP DURATION -> The Amount Of Time Spent During Single Step.
5. CADENCE -> The Number Of Steps Taken Per Unit Of Time.

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GAIT BY RUDRA MISTRY

SPATIAL/DISTANCEVARIABLES

 Includes Stride Length, Step Length, Step Width,& Degree Of Toe Out.
1. STRIDE LENGTH -> The Linear Distance Between Two Successive Events That Are
Accomplished By Same Lower Extremity. Measured From The Point Of One Initial
Contact To The Point Of Next Initial Contact Of The Same Extremity,
2. STRIDE. DURATION -> The Amount Of Time It Takes To Accomplish One Stride.
3. STEP LENGTH -> Linear Distance Between Two Successive Points Of Contact Of
Opposite Extremities.
4. STEP WIDTH -> Measured Between The Midpoint Of Heel Of 1 Foot And Same
Point On Other Foot.
5. DEGREE OF TOE OUT -> The Angle Of Foot Placement Measured By The Angle
Formed By Each Foots Line Of Progression And A Line
Intersecting The Centre Of Heel And 2nd Toe
-> Normally 7°

DETERMINANTS OF GAIT

 The Major Changes, Which Occurs At The Pelvis, Hip, Knee And Ankle To Maintain
COG Of The Body In The Horizontal Plane To Ensure Its Smooth Translatory
Progression To Space Are Called Determinants Of Gait.
1. PELVIC ROTATION.
 Occurs During Normal Walking.
 The Pelvis Rotates Alternately To The Right And Left In Relation To The Line Of
Progression In Transverse Plane.
 Average Magnitude -> 8°
 Associated Hip Movement -> Internal And External Rotation During Stance Phase.

2. PELVIC TILTING.
 The Pelvis Tilt Downwards On The Swing Leg In The Frontal Plane.
 Average Magnitude -> 5°
 Associated Hip Movement -> Hip Abduction In Stance And Abduction In Swing Phase.

3. KNEE FLEXION IN STANCE PHASE.


 At Initial Contact, The Knee Is At 0°
 At Loading Response, The Name Moves Towards 15° Of Flexion
 This Serves To -> Provide Suspension And Absorb Ground Forces
-> Minimize The Displacement Of COG.
-> Decrease Energy Expenditure.

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GAIT BY RUDRA MISTRY

4. FOOT AND ANKLE MECHANISM.


 At Heel Strike The Ankle Is In Relative Dorsiflexion At The Centre Of Rotation Of
Angle Is Elevated At Foot Flat. The Foot Planter Flexes End. Centre Of Rotation Of
The Ankle Is Concerned. Add Heel Off The Centre Of Rotation Is Again Elevated.

5. PHYSIOLOGICAL VALGUS AT KNEE.


 It Is The Structural Features Of The Human Knees Joint That The Limb Limits
Lateral Movement In The BodyÕs COG During Gait Cycle.
 Because Of This Alignment, The COG Moves Laterally A Distance Equal To That
Between The 2 Hip Joints.

6. LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF PELVIS.


 The COG Must Shift Over The Stance Foot To Provide Balance. Person Will Fall Over
The Unsupported Limb.

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