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Modeling and Simulation
of Environmental Systems

This book presents an overview of modeling and simulation of environmental sys-

tems via diverse research problems and pertinent case studies. It is divided into four
parts covering sustainable water resources modeling, air pollution modeling, Internet
of Things (IoT) based applications in environmental systems, and future algorithms
and conceptual frameworks in environmental systems. Each of the chapters demon-
strate how the models, indicators, and ecological processes could be applied directly
in the environmental sub-disciplines. It includes range of concepts and case studies
focusing on a holistic management approach at the global level for environmental
practitioners.

Features:

• Covers computational approaches as applied to problems of air and water

pollution domain.
• Delivers generic methods of modeling with spatio-temporal analyses using
soft computation and programming paradigms.
• Includes theoretical aspects of environmental processes with their complex-
ity and programmable mathematical approaches.
• Adopts a realistic approach involving formulas, algorithms, and techniques
to establish mathematical models/computations.
• Provides a pathway for real-time implementation of complex modeling
problem formulations including case studies.

This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in Environ­

mental Engineering, Computational Engineering/Computer Science, Modeling/
Simulation, Environmental Management, Environmental Modeling, and Operations
Research.
 Modeling and
Simulation of
Environmental Systems

A Computation Approach

Edited by
Satya Prakash Maurya
Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
Ramesh Singh
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

and by CRC Press

4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Satya Prakash Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar Yadav and Ramesh Singh;
individual chapters, the contributors

Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher
cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors
and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged, please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.

Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.

For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com
or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,
978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@tandf.
co.uk

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registesred trademarks and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

ISBN: 978-1-032-06698-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-06699-8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-20344-5 (ebk)

DOI: 10.1201/9781003203445
Typeset in Times
by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive)
Contents
Foreword....................................................................................................................ix
Preface........................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgements..................................................................................................xiii
Editors....................................................................................................................... xv
Contributors............................................................................................................xvii

PART I Water

Chapter 1 Computational Models for Water Resource Management:

Opportunities and Challenges.............................................................. 3
Aatish Anshuman and T. I. Eldho

Chapter 2 Applicability of Soft Computational Models for Integrated

Water Resource Management............................................................ 25
Chithra Nelson Rosamma

Chapter 3 Computational Models for Exchange of Water between

Ground Water and Surface Water Resources over a Sub-Basin........ 39
Subba Rao Tellagorla and Subbarao Pichuka

Chapter 4 Computational and Field Approach to Assess Artificial

Recharge of Groundwater.................................................................. 53
Marykutty Abraham and Sankaralingam Mohan

Chapter 5 Multi-Objective Optimization in Water Resource Management....... 65

Rashmi Bhardwaj and Shanky Garg

Chapter 6 Tools in Decision-Making of Allocation of Non-Traditional

Resources for Sustainable Water Development................................. 83
Sahajpreet Kaur Garewal and Avinash D. Vasudeo

Chapter 7 Soft Computing Techniques for Forecasting of Water Demand........ 97

Prerna Pandey, Shilpa Dongre, and Rajesh Gupta

v
viContents

Chapter 8 Intervention of Computational Models for Groundwater

Pollution Source Characterization................................................... 115
Anirban Chakraborty and Om Prakash

PART II Air Pollution

Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence for Air Quality and Control Systems:

Status and Future Trends................................................................. 133
Divya Patel, Mridu Kulwant, Saba Shirin, Ankit Kumar,
Mohammad Aurangzeb Ansari, and Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

Chapter 10 Fuzzy and Neural Network Model-Based Environmental

Quality Monitoring System: Past, Present, and Future.................... 153
Ankit Kumar, Saba Shirin, Mohammad Irfan Ansari,
Govind Pandey, Shiv Nath Sharma, and Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

PART III Internet of Things and

Environmental Systems

Chapter 11 Internet of Things (IoT): Powered Enhancements to

Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring Systems................................... 179
Hemanth Kumar Bangalore Naveen, Anand Jayachandran Jolly,
Vinay Narayanaswamy, Ajay Sudhir Bale, Baby Chithra Ramasamy,
Divyashree Neelegowda, and Subhashish Tiwari

Chapter 12 Impact of Temporary COVID-Related Lockdowns on

Air Quality across the Globe: A Systematic Review....................... 191
Rajwinder Singh, Arti Thanki, Ankita Thanki,
Karanvir Singh Sohal, Anmol Kaur, and Shivani Dedakia

Chapter 13 Impact of Lockdown on Air Quality during COVID-19

Outbreak: A Global Scenario........................................................... 207
Anant Patel, Neha Keriwala, Prutha Patel, and Arohi Singh

Chapter 14 Integration of Geospatial Techniques in Environment

Monitoring Systems......................................................................... 221
S. Sreedevi, Rakesh Kumar Sinha, and T. I. Eldho
Contents vii

Chapter 15 Agent-Based Modeling for Integrated Urban

Water Management.......................................................................... 239
Satya Prakash Maurya and Ramesh Singh

Chapter 16 Data-Driven Modeling Approach in Model Rainfall-Runoff

for a Mountainous Catchment......................................................... 253
Arunava Poddar, Akhilesh Kumar, Veena Kashyap, and
Sashank Thapa

Chapter 17 Geospatial Technology-Based Artificial Groundwater Recharge

Site Selection for Sustainable Water Resource Management:
A Case Study of Rajkot District, Gujarat........................................ 269
Jaysukh Chhaganbhai Songara and Jayantilal Naginbhai Patel

Chapter 18 Rainfall-Runoff Estimation for Rapti River Catchment Using

Geospatial Technology.................................................................... 287
Suchita Pandey, Nilanchal Patel, and Ajay Kumar Agrawal

Chapter 19 Methodologies of Scenario Development for Water Resource

Management: A Review................................................................... 303
Gaurav Kumar and Rajiv Gupta

PART IV Future Algorithms in

Environmental Systems
Chapter 20 Process-Based Scenario Analyses of Future Socio-Environmental
Systems: Recent Efforts and a Salient Research Agenda for
Decision-Making............................................................................. 319
Rakesh Kadaverugu, Rajesh Biniwale, and Chandrasekhar Matli

Chapter 21 From Quantitative to Qualitative Environmental Analyses:

Translating Mental Modeling into Physical Modeling.................... 331
Ramesh Singh, Chaitanya Nidhi, and Satya Prakash Maurya

Chapter 22 An Interdisciplinary Modeling Approach for Dynamic

Adaptive Policy Pathways............................................................... 343
Vijay P. Singh, Satya Prakash Maurya, Ramesh Singh, and
Akhilesh Kumar Yadav

Index....................................................................................................................... 355
Foreword
Water, air, and soil are interactive elements that constitute the environmental contin-
uum. These elements are fundamental to our way of life, economic well-being, and
the health and integrity of the ecosystem. Central to the environmental continuum
is water. Because of the growing population, rising standard of living, increasing
industrialization, and expanding energy generation, the demand for water to satisfy
varied needs is unprecedented. The demand is being further accentuated by pollution
abatement, resulting in enormous pressure on water resources throughout the world.
In many parts of the world, water is already a scarce commodity and will become so
in several other parts in the very near future. Therefore, it requires careful manage-
ment not only in water scarce regions but everywhere. Water resources management
takes on an even greater significance because of the impacts of global warming and
climate change. A pressing challenge in water resources management is one of inte-
grating technology with institutional structures and developing tools that will help
decision makers when evaluating costs and benefits of water supply not only to the
various users but also to the environment and ecosystem. These tools must be able to
make a statement on the reliability of supply and demand.
Computational techniques, including soft computing, play an important role in
analyzing, modeling, and simulating complex environmental systems. Genetic and
other evolutionary algorithms have the capacity to handle large spaces and help with
system optimization. Fuzzy approaches help deal with imprecise inputs and states.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques have, in general, significantly
contributed to the development of computational tools.
This book on modeling and simulation of environmental systems, a timely publi-
cation, attempts to introduce different methods that can be effectively integrated to
address multi-criteria, multi-objective assessment of complex environmental sys-
tems. It contains several chapters that deal with such assessments. The topics included
in the book encompass soft computing techniques, computational approaches to data
analytics, process dynamics, quantitative and qualitative analytics, artificial intelli-
gence approaches, agent-based modeling, and development of software framework
for dynamic adaptive policy pathways. The book will be useful to graduate students,
college faculty, and those engaged in research in the field of environmental modeling
and simulation approaches.

Vijay P. Singh, Ph.D., D.Sc., D. Eng. (Hon.), Ph.D. (Hon.), D.Sc. (Hon.), P.E.,
P.H., Hon. D. WRE, Dist. M. ASCE., Hon. M. IWRA, Hon. M. AWRA,
Dist. F. AGGS, Academician (GFA)
Distinguished Professor, Regents Professor
Caroline and William N. Lehrer Distinguished Chair in Water Engineering
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas, USA

ix
Preface
Worldwide, the water governance and environmental management scenario have
been undergoing structural changes for more than two decades. Reforms in water
sectors management began in the 1990s, but these efforts have been made in bits
and pieces depending upon localized scenario/context. The need for integrating var-
ious dimensions of planning strategy such as uses and users, and notions of water
stress, environmental security for future generations, is a need of today’s manage-
ment—the increasing role of modern soft computational techniques in various dis-
ciplines. Motivated academia need to come forward with different approaches for
assessment framework, modeling, and simulation of the sustainable environmental
management system.
Growing population, expanding urbanization, and industrialization threaten the
most vital natural resources, water, and air, for all living things. The impending cli-
mate change brings a new level of complexity and challenges in demand and supply
chain. Modeling is a better approach to address these issues and remediate problems,
but environmental modeling and simulation carry complexities with them as there
are various applications. These complexities may include assimilation of parameters,
dimension, amount of data, distribution, heterogeneity, and interdependence.
However, there may be different purposes for modeling, such as scenario analysis,
emergency response, and risk management. Coupling of models, parameter adjust-
ment, and longevity of data may be needed for adaptability in different applications.
These demands have led to various current research themes, such as decision sup-
port, remote sensing and GIS, adaptive user interfaces, data science, standardization
of metadata and system visualizations, workflows for automatic access to distributed
resources, and the generic nature of information and simulation systems.
This book presents an overview of modeling and simulation of environmental
systems. The book content has been categorized into four sections. The brief subject
matter of each section is mentioned.
It creates ample opportunities for modeling and simulation and decision support
tools with accuracy and completeness. However, the intervention of other advanced
disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, remote
sensing and GIS, Internet of Things (IoT), data science and new computer algorithms
have great potential in environmental decision-making, prediction, and forecasting.
Air and water research dynamics use models dealing with varying scales and resolu-
tions and require new architectures with access to distributed resources. Branch-
oriented simulation systems should prove the right software tools to be flexibly
adapted to complex environmental system’s special structure and data.
This book aims to address the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by apply-
ing modern computational techniques and applications for spatio-temporal analy-
sis and simulation modeling solutions for a wider set of environmental problems

xi
xiiPreface

that are becoming more relevant for environmental engineers and scientists.
Hopefully, this book will open the dimensions for explicit programming dynamics
to develop decision-making tools to help manage future environmental problems
related to air and water.

Satya Prakash Maurya, PhD

Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, PhD
Ramesh Singh, MS
Acknowledgements
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the Almighty for His blessings throughout
this project accomplishment and who envisioned us successfully exploring this chal-
lenging research domain with a computational perspective. We are also sincerely
thankful to CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group for allowing us to publish this mono-
gram on a contemporary research domain of modeling and simulations.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the contributors for submitting
the book chapters. Against the proposed chapter’s title, the total number of abstracts
received was sixty-eight, out of which forty-one were selected for a full chapter con-
tribution. In this book, the project accommodated only twenty-two chapters as per
the book’s scope with better quality. We appreciate the contribution of authors who
have dedicated their valuable time and efforts to writing the assigned manuscripts.
The project follows a review process, where the identities of both the authors and
reviews are not disclosed to avoid any biased decision. We express our sincere grati-
tude for valuable guidance with suggestions and comments from Professor Vijay P.
Singh (Texas A&M University, Texas, USA), Professor Anil Kumar Tripathi
(IITBHU, Varanasi, India), and Professor Dharmendra Kumar Yadav (MNNIT
Allahabad, Prayagraj, India), which was invaluable in helping us improve the quality
of the manuscript. We are thankful to Mrs. Priyanka for her moral support and appre-
ciate her valuable feedback about field challenges in water resource management
applications. We would also like to thank and acknowledge the publication team of
CRC Press with the association of Dr. Gagandeep Singh, Ms. Aditi Mittal, and
Ms. Divya Muthu for their quick responses and for providing a proper guideline on
time. Finally, we acknowledge Mr. Jaydeep Kumar (CISF, HQ, New Delhi, India)
and Advocate Dinesh Chandra Gupta (High Court, Allahabad, India), Mr. Suresh
Chandra (CRPF, WS HQ, Navi Mumbai, India), and Mr. Uday Pratap Chaudhary for
their continuous help and support for the execution of the project.
The project’s main aim is to publish high-quality, authentic, relevant and up-to-
date research in the relevant field of an environmental system utilizing modeling and
simulations based on the basic principle and current development scenario by inter-
national organizations (UN-W, EU, WHO, etc.).

Satya Prakash Maurya, PhD

Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, PhD
Ramesh Singh, MS

xiii
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Duel in the
Dark: An Original Farce, in One Act
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
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Title: A Duel in the Dark: An Original Farce, in One Act

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A DUEL IN THE

DARK: AN ORIGINAL FARCE, IN ONE ACT ***
 A DU EL
IN TH E DAR K.
An original Farce,

IN ONE ACT.

BY J. STIRLING COYNE,
AUTHOR OF
“My Wife’s Daughter,” “Binks the Bagman,” “Separate Maintenance,”
“How to settle Accounts with your Laundress,” “Did you ever send your
Wife to Camberwell,”
&c. &c. &c.

THOMAS HAILES LACY,

WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND,
LONDON.
 First Performed at the Theatre Royal Haymarket,
On Saturday, January 31st, 1852.

CHARACTERS.

MR. GREGORY GREENFINCH Mr. BUCKSTONE.

MRS. GREENFINCH
COUNTESS DE RAMBUTEAU } Mrs. FITZWILLIAM.
CHARLEY BATES
BETSY Mrs. CAULFIELD.
WAITER Mr. EDWARDS.

COSTUMES.
Mr. GREENFINCH.—Green coat, light blue trowsers, and French travelling cap.
Mrs. GREENFINCH.—Fawn polka jacket, waistcoat and skirt.
COUNTESS DE RAMBUTEAU.—Loose travelling pelisse, bonnet and green veil.
CHARLEY BATES.—Blue frock coat and white trowsers.
BETSY.—Travelling dress and servant’s dress.
WAITER.—Gendarme suit.

SCENE lies at a Hotel at Dieppe.

Time in Representation, 50 minutes.

 A DUEL IN THE DARK!

SCENE.—A handsomely furnished Apartment on the ground floor of a

Hotel at Dieppe. A French window at back opening on a garden.
Door, 2 E. L. Door, 3 E. L. A large stove, L. between the two doors.
Door, 2 E. R. Easy chair near door, R. Tables, R. and L. C. at back;
bottle of brandy with glasses on table, L. Chairs, &c. Two lighted
candles on.

Enter GREENFINCH, carrying bandbox, large travelling cloak, carpet

bag and umbrella, L. 3 E.

GREEN. Well now this is something like an adventure. (putting

down the umbrella and bandbox, R.) There’s a romantic mystery
attached to me that I can’t unravel, in fact I feel myself like a
tangled penn’orth of thread; the more I try to clear myself the more
complicated I become. Let me calmly consider my singular position.
(throws the cloak on the easy chair, R. and places the carpet bag
beside it) In the first place here I have arrived at the Hotel d’
Angleterre in Dieppe accompanied by the Countess de Rambuteau—
a real Countess! Poor Mrs. Greenfinch little dreams what a rake I am
—but for a long time I’ve been dying for an aristocratic flirtation—I
have looked at lovely women in the private boxes at the theatres—
and have run after carriages in the park—but all in vain, and now,
startling as the fact may seem, I have been for the last thirty hours
the travelling companion of a French Countess, and have shared her
post-chaise from Paris: when I say shared, I mean the Countess and
her maid took the inside and left me the outside, where I was
exalted to the dickey amongst a miscellaneous assortment of trunks
and bandboxes, by which I have been jolted and jammed till I
haven’t a bone in my body without its particular ache. But the most
extraordinary part of the affair is that I have never yet seen the
Countess’s face, for she has always concealed it from me beneath a
thick veil. However that’s nothing, there’s a secret sympathy by
which I think I could discover a pretty face under a piecrust. Hah!
here she comes, and now for the tender revelation—the soft
confession—the blushing avowal—the—

Enter MRS. GREENFINCH, 2 E. R., in a travelling dress closely veiled,

she carries in her hand a lady’s walking basket.

Ah, my charming Countess, at length after a painful—I mean a

delightful journey—we have arrived in Dieppe, and now permit me to
gaze on those lovely features.
MRS. G. (retires as he approaches) No, no, je ne permittez pas;
nevare, not at all, Monsieur Grinfeench.
GREEN. Dear, Countess, take pity on me. (aside) What delightful
accents! She told me she could speak English fluently, and she does.
Am I never to see your face, dear Countess? Oh! have pity on me.
MRS. G. Oui, you sall ordere diner toute de suite.
GREEN. Dinner? certainly, Countess.
Exit 3 E. L.
BETSY. (peeping in at door, R.) Is he gone, mum?
MRS. G. Yes, Betsy, you may come in. (lays the basket she carries
on table, L. and puts up her veil)
BETSY. (enters by door, R.) Well, mum, does he suspect nothing
yet?
 MRS. G. Nothing. He has not yet seen my face—but if he had, I
think this red wig, these spectacles, and this cravat would
completely prevent his recognizing me.
BETSY. He little thinks, mum, ’tis his own lawful wife he’s running
away with instead of a fine foreign Countess.
MRS. G. Oh, Betsy, when I think of that, I could tear his eyes out.
A man, Betsy, that I thought the most faithful creature woman ever
was blessed with, to deceive me so. A working model of a husband
that I may say I made out of nothing.
BETSY. Ah, mum, I know what husbands is made of! I was once
accidentally married myself for three weeks to a sea cap’n, who took
me, mum, as his mate—but I diskivered I was only his second mate,
for he’d got another wife alive, mum—and so he slipped hisself
through the wedding ring that way. Oh! mum, husbands isn’t to be
trusted no ways.
MRS. G. ’Twas your experience and advice, Betsy, that put me
upon this plan of trying Mr. Greenfinch’s fidelity. Before he went to
Paris about that legacy left him by his aunt, there wasn’t a more
dutiful little husband in Peckham Rye.
BETSY. No, more there wasn’t, mum. But after he’d been a month
in Paris, he wrote to say he’d got into the hands of the French
lawyers, and couldn’t return so soon as he expected.
MRS. G. Upon which I resolved to run over to Paris, if ’twas only
for a day—for I thought he must be miserable without his wife.
BETSY. A very popular delusion amongst women, mum.
MRS. G. And so as you know, Betsy, I took you with me and
crossed to Boulogne. What I suffered from the roughness of the
waves and the custom-house officers I need not repeat. I didn’t
however think of anything but the joyful surprise it would be to Mr.
Greenfinch when I should drop suddenly like a lump of sugar out of
heaven into his solitary tea.
 BETSY. Yes, mum, but you know I had my suspicions that it wasn’t
the lawyers kept master in Paris—so I persuaded you to take
lodgings opposite the hotel where he was stopping, and keep a
watchful eye on his proceedings from the window, with your veil
down.
MRS. G. Yes, Betsy, that was certainly your plan,—and what has
been the consequence? The very first day my gentleman kissed his
hand to me—the second day he performed a love pantomime at his
window for my diversion—and the third day he sent me a
daguerreotype portrait of himself backed by a Westphalia ham.
BETSY. And before the week was out you had induced him to run
away with you.
MRS. G. I’ll never forgive him that.
BETSY. Of course you won’t—you’ve too much spirit to forgive any
man, much less a husband. Now, mum, if you’ll help me in a little
plan I’ve hit upon, I think we’ll torment him to that degree that he’ll
never hear a Countess mentioned without trembling.
MRS. G. I’ll do anything, Betsy, to make the little wretch miserable.
BETSY. Well then, mum, this is my plan.

GREENFINCH speaks outside, L. 3 E.

MRS. G. Hist, I hear him returning; run into my room and I’ll come
to you presently. (draws down her veil)
Exit BETSY, 2 E. R.

Enter GREENFINCH, 3 E. L.

GREEN. I’ve ordered dinner at five; and now, my charming

Countess—mysterious being, whom I have loved distractedly for
three long weeks through that envious veil—permit me. (about to
remove her veil, she motions him to desist) Well I won’t; delicacy
forbids intrusion. However, I hope I may not be considered
particularly inquisitive, if I beg to be informed why you and I should
be here in Dieppe under such mysterious circumstances.
MRS. G. Oh, certainment, Monsieur Grinfeench, I sall confess to
you dat I vas frappè vis your mug—dat is your superbe countenance
in de vindere of your hotel.
GREEN. (aside) Struck by my superb countenance! a clear case of
fascination. My dear Countess, it is no less extraordinary that
whenever you were sitting in your balcony, I generally found myself
flattening my nose against the centre pane of my window.
MRS. G. Oui, oui, I did regard your flat nose vare mosh, en
attendant, it happen I did find myself in a position tres embarrasant
—a situation of danger; I was in want of a friend—un ami.
GREEN. And you thought of me.
MRS. G. Oui, you were at de top of my mind—dat is, uppermost in
my thoughts.
GREEN. Tender confession! and then you wrote to me this dear
little note. (produces a note and kisses it) Imagine the indescribable
emotion I experienced in my interior when I opened it and read
these lines. (reads) “Interesting stranger, I am not insense to your
merits, but circumstances demand secresy. I shall be wait for you
this evening at nine o’clock in a post carriage outside the Barriere
d’Enfer.—PAULINE, Countess de Rambuteau.” I hastened accordingly
to the barrier at the hour named.
MRS. G. Vare I did attend, as vas appoint.
GREEN. Yes, but instead of inviting me to take a seat beside you, I
was lifted by two fellows, whose muscular developments forbade
any opposition on my part, into the dickey of the carriage—the
postillion cracked his whip, away we started—and that is all I know
about the affair.
 MRS. G. Ha, ha! I fear I have trespass on your complaisance, your
vat you call spooney disposition—dat is, your good nature.
GREEN. Countess, my good nature is public property like
Kennington Common—you can’t trespass on it. Is there any other
way I can be serviceable to you?
MRS. G. Oui, dere is one oder little ting; vil you permit me, vile in
dis maison, to be apellez your femme, your best half of de vorst—to
be called Madame Grinfeench?
GREEN. Madame:—in English that means Missus—Mrs. Greenfinch!
MRS. G. Oui. I have particulere reason for my request.
GREEN. Hem! hem! Perhaps, Countess, you are not aware that
there’s a previous Mrs. Greenfinch at this moment on the British
shores; a splendid woman, though I say it, who sits like a pensive
dove mourning for her absent mate at Peckham Rye.
MRS. G. (aside) There’s some good in him still. Oh dat is no
obelisk in de vay. I go to-morrow in de packey bote, and sall only be
your little rib for a little time.
GREEN. Why if I thought it was only for a little time I might.
(aside) She’s a lovely creature no doubt, and as Mrs. G. can never
know anything of my delinquency—pooh! what’s there to be afraid
of? (to her) Well, Countess, I can refuse nothing to your sex—
consider yourself as the temporary Mrs. Greenfinch.
MRS. G. Merci, mon ami. (aside) The atrocious wretch!
GREEN. Now that point’s settled, may I not in the profane
language of poetic fiction be permitted to feast these longing eyes
on those heavenly features?
MRS. G. Ah! you persuade me what you like you leetle rascal.
GREEN. Gracious condescension! So from the face of heaven the
cloud withdraws and (she has raised her veil; seeing her face he
starts) and—ahem! the face of heaven. (aside) The Countess’s face
don’t improve upon close inspection. I never liked red hair, and I
hate green spectacles.
MRS. G. You like my pheezog?—it is your taste? Ah! oui, now I sall
leave you to change my toilette—restez vous ici, and n’oubliez pas—
don’t forget I am Madame Grinfeench.
Exit R.
GREEN. Shall I ever forget it? never! Hem! The Countess adores
me that’s clear, and if she hadn’t red hair, she’d be a remarkably fine
woman. But she may dye her hair:—Gad, so she may; its only dying
for love after all.
MRS. G. (returning) Ah! I did forget—you must prenez garde—be
vide awake, and take care of our secret, for de most little cause of
suspect vill coupez both our neck at one slice.
Exit R.
GREEN. What does she mean? I feel I’m up to the ears in some
terrible mystery. I don’t know whether ’tis conscience or cowardice,
but my sympathy for the Countess is evaporating very rapidly, in fact
I’m beginning to feel dreadfully uncomfortable here—why should she
want to pass as my wife? Why does she want to escape from
France? Eh? Echo returns no answer to its correspondent! (sees the
basket on the table, L.) Hah! here’s her basket she has forgotten,
perhaps it may contain something to clear up this mystery. (takes
basket off table) Bless me, ’tis very heavy for its size, what can she
have in it? (feeling the basket) ’Tis not a smelling bottle, nor it can’t
be a case of razors—Countesses don’t usually shave. I shouldn’t
wonder if it was—no, no, it’s—eh? what is it then? (draws a pistol
from the basket) Ha—a—oh! A p-p-pistol! Oh, dear! there’s more in
this than meets the eye!—Why does she travel with these deadly
weapons? Hah! A horrid thought flashes across my tortured brain—
perhaps she’s Abd el Kader in disguise, or more horrible still she
maybe a female bandit intending to make me her unsuspecting
victim; murder me perhaps in my sleep; she looks as if she could do
it. (MRS. G. appears watching at door, R.) Oh, lord! I’ll go this
moment and inform the police.
MRS. G. (entering and intercepting him) Arrétez! Stop!
GREEN. (starting) Ah!
MRS. G. I have entendez vous.
GREEN. Oh, ha—I—I—I merely—ha, ha! You perceive I was——
MRS. G. You vas go to betray me; mais you perceive dis little
machine? (produces a pistol from her pocket)
GREEN. Oh, oh!—distinctly, Countess.
MRS. G. Madame Grinfeench!
GREEN. I beg pardon, Madame Grinfeench. Pray oblige me by
pointing the other end of that article this way. I’ve an uncommonly
weak head, and couldn’t stand anything from that quarter.
MRS. G. Prenez garde, then how you betray de confiance I have
put into you?
GREEN. What confidence? I haven’t the most distant idea of the
object for which I have been brought here.
MRS. G. Den I sall vispare at your ear dat you are flying from
justice with a denounced leader of a secret club.
GREEN. Me!—a Greenfinch flying from justice!—good gracious!
what do you mean?
MRS. G. Ecoutez donc! de police break in on our meeting—de
officier seize me to take me to quod.
GREEN. And what did you do?
MRS. G. Bang! shoot him through the nob—den one, two, tree
jump out of de vindère.
GREEN. Shot a police officer! (aside) I’m paralysed!
 MRS. G. Dey have offer large reward for my take; but if I voyager
as your femme, I may echappér—bolt avay! But if ve are catch, ve
vill die nobly—oui, mon Grinfeench, on de same scaffold—togedder
ve vill hop de twig! (clasps him in her arms)
GREEN. Her English is not very elegant, but it’s very expressive.
(faintly) I feel the guillotine hanging over me; I shall be sent back to
Peckham Rye a head shorter than I left it.
MRS. G. Entendez bien that your safety as well as mine depends
on your taisez vous. Remember dat from my chamber dere I can
watch, and ecoutez all dat sall pass here—den, if you go to spleet, I
sall sew you up—bang! Comprenez vous?
(shewing pistol, and exit, R.)
GREEN. Yes, I comprenez vous—my safety depends on my taisez
vous. What a dreadful situation is mine! If this is having an
aristocratic flirtation, I don’t care how soon I get democratic in my
penchants again. This terrible Countess is a perfect masked battery;
I shouldn’t wonder if she had a Colt’s revolver inside her parasol,
and that a cartouche box did duty for a certain popular appendix to
the female figure. I declare I feel quite nervous and agitated—I’ll go
and smoke a cigar in the garden. (takes a cigar from his case) Hah! I
wish they may ever catch me running away with a Countess again.
Exit through window at back, to garden, and disappears.

BETSY looks from room R., and then enters, carrying a small brown
trunk with an address card on the top.

BETSY. (speaking to MRS. G. inside) All’s clear, mum!

Enter MRS. G. from room R.

He’s smoking his cigar in the garden. Now here I lays the trap that’s
to catch him—your trunk, with your address upon it. (puts trunk in
centre of room)
 MRS. G. So that when he sees it, he may be aware that I am here
in my proper person.
BETSY. Exactly, mum; and as there’s a way by a passage at the
back of the hotel from your room there, (pointing R.) to this
apartment on the other side. (points to door 2 E. L.) Nothing can be
easier than to come out of that door as the Countess, and out of
that door as Mrs. Greenfinch, according as your game goes.
MRS. G. I understand perfectly—but I see him returning. Let’s get
away. (they return into room R.)

Enter GREENFINCH, C., from garden, smoking a cigar.

GREEN. Poo-ah! There’s nothing like a cigar for puffing away fear—
poo-ah! I feel a deal more composed now—poo-ah!—cooler and
more determined—poo-ah! I’ve been bracing up my courage by
repeating that heroic maxim—“The brave man dies many times—a
coward never dies at all.” Stay—I don’t believe I’ve got it right—but
it don’t matter. (stumbles over the trunk) What’s here? umph! a
trunk! Bless me! surely I know it: that brown leather is familiar to
me. Hah! here’s the owner’s address on a card. (drops on his knees
to examine it, and reads in a tone of intense alarm) “Mrs.
Greenfinch, Passenger.” O—a—ah! That’s her writing—and she’s
here!

Enter MRS. GREENFINCH, R.; GREENFINCH’S head sinks on the trunk.

MRS. G. Que faites vous ici, mon cher Grinfeench?

GREEN. Oh! Countess, we’re lost.
MRS. G. Ha! perdu! Ave de poliss come?
GREEN. No, but my wife has. See here! (reads address on trunk)
“Mrs. Greenfinch, Passenger to Paris.” That’s her writing after six
lessons. (in a suppressed voice) I know she’s somewhere in the
vicinity of this brown leather trunk.
 MRS. G. (coolly) Eh bien! you know that a man can have but one
wife at one time.
GREEN. The law in its wisdom and great mercy says so.
MRS. G. Justement—I am it.
GREEN. You? Oh, yes, Countess—I beg pardon, Mrs. Greenfinch
pro tempore; but as the original Mrs. G. has turned up unexpectedly,
what am I to do?
MRS. G. (aside) Now I’ll prove him. Say that you did nevare see
her.
GREEN. How! disown Mrs. G., and turn my back upon my marriage
certificate? (aside) She’s a Mephistopheles in petticoats.
MRS. G. It but want de courage.
GREEN. But I’ve no courage; one look from Mrs. G. would dissolve
me into my own wellingtons.
MRS. G. If you tombè, I sall be close to prop you up. Den stand
firm on your epingles—your pins; courage—entendez; ne funkez pas!
Exit, R. door, showing pistol.
GREEN. This is what I call a tremendous situation. Deny my wife,
and such a wife as Mrs. G.: a woman that won’t be denied. How
shall I ever attempt it? And if I don’t, there’s the Countess prepared
to shoot me through the head! Oh, dear! I must have some brandy
to screw up my nerves. (goes to a side table, pours brandy into a
glass, and drinks) Hah! that revives me and brings back my courage,
which was sneaking away in spite of me. (drinks) There! nothing like
brandy. (MRS. G. is heard singing in room, L.) Hah! that’s her voice—
the voice of my wife—that’s her high G, and that’s her shake. I can’t
be mistaken in her shake, for it makes me shiver all over. Brandy!
(drinks) Hah! I must be stern and resolved—the Countess has her
eye upon me, and my wife’s coming. Never mind, I’m prepared for
the worst. More brandy! (drinks) I feel myself growing desperately
profligate—I’m becoming a brick. (drinks) I don’t care a straw for the
world in general, nor for Mrs. G. in particular. Here she comes!

Enter BETSY, 2 E. L.

No, it’s only her maid Betsy.

BETSY. La! it surely never can be my master! Why, Mr. Greenfinch,
sir—bless me! who could have thought of meeting you? Well, this
will be a surprise to missus! (runs to L. 2 E., and speaks in) Oh,
mum, make haste, please! here’s master—here he is, mum—he is,
indeed—quite nat’ral, mum.

Enter MRS. GREENFINCH, 2 E. L., in her own attire, hastily.

MRS. G. Who? Your master, my dear Gregory? Ah! ’tis he, indeed!
(rushing to embrace him)
GREEN. He—hem! (aside, and turning away) She has me.
MRS. G. (L.) Good heavens, Gregory! Why, Gregory! Mister
Greenfinch, don’t you know me?
GREEN. (C.) A—a—hum! I haven’t the pleasure of your
acquaintance, ma’am.
MRS. G. What, sir? Don’t know me?
BETSY. (L.) Nor me, sir?
GREEN. I never saw either of you before in my life.
BETSY. Well, if that’s not audacious!
GREEN. Don’t be impertinent, young woman.
BETSY. Oh, mum, he calls me a young woman!
GREEN. (aside) More brandy. (goes to table and drinks)
MRS. G. (apart to BETSY) Oh! Betsy, he’s more depraved than I
could have imagined. I know I shan’t be able to keep my temper.