Vocabulary:

Phrasals:
-​ Chill out -> Relax and rest.
-​ Come up with -> Think of (an idea).
-​ Set off -> Start a journey.
-​ Work (something) out -> Find an answer to something.
-​ Raily/Depend on (someone) -> Be able to trust someone to do something.
-​ Fall out with (someone) -> Have an argument.
-​ Try (something) out -> Experiment with an idea.
-​ Hit it off -> Like each other.
-​ Look out for (someone/something) -> Try to notice
-​ Take after (someone) -> Be like a parent or older sibling.
-​ Look up to (someone) -> Respect or admire an older person.
-​ Look back up (something) -> Think about something in the past.
Do/Make collocations:
-​ Do - > To perform an activity or job.
1.​ Do a favour.
2.​ Do the shopping.
3.​ Do a course.
-​ Make -> To create or produce something.
1.​ Make the bed.
2.​ Make progress.
3.​ Make a mistake.
Negative prefixes and Adjectives:
-​ Negative Prefixes “Dis”, “Il”, “Im”, “In”, “Ir”, “Mis” or “Un”.
1.​ Disagreeable, Discontinue or Dishonest.
2.​ Illogical or Illegal.
3.​ Impolite, Impersonal or Immature.
4.​ Inadequate, Incomplete or Incorrect.
5.​ Irrational, Irregular or Irresponsible.
6.​ Misguide, Mistrust or Misunderstand.
7.​ Unqualified. Unconscious or Unaccurate.
-​ Adjectives -> Usually Positive / Usually Negative
Caring, cheeky, childish, cooperative, hardworking, critical, energetic, enthusiastic, organised,
patient, irritating, mature, reliable, responsible, sympathetic, thoughtful, self-confident and sensitive.
Vocabulary related with Money:
-​ Open a bank account.
-​ Get a part time job.
-​ Set a budget.
-​ Buy essential items.
-​ Receive pocket money.
-​ Make choices.
-​ Pay bills.
Vocabulary related with Leisure:
-​ Depend on, Burn, Regret, Train, Doubt, Perform, Chase, Influence, Share, Park, Speed,
Training, Hire, Opportunities and Injuries.
Phrasal Verbs:
-​ Take up -> Start doing an activity for the first time.
 -​ Take risks -> Do something even though something bad might happen because of it.
-​ Turn up -> Arrive.
-​ Get used to -> Feel more comfortable in a new situation.
-​ Pick something up -> Learn how to do something.
-​ Have a go -> Try something.
-​ Take part in -> Be part of an event.
-​ Look out for (someone/something) -> Try to notice
-​ Keep a promise -> Do what you said you would.
Adjectives -Ed/-Ing:
-​ -Ed for People and -Ing for Objects.
-​ Confused / Confusing -> I’m confused because I find this math exercise very confusing.
-​ Surprised / Surprising -> This morning I was surprised because of the blackout.
-​ Amusing, Irritating, Excited, Puzzled, Worried, Astonishing, Thrilling…
Adjectives -Ed/-Ing:
-​ Astonishing, Competitive, Delightful, Demanding, Depressing, Dreadful, Economical,
Entertaining, Exhausting, Incredible, Irritating, Popular, Superb, Time-Consuming,
Tremendous and Unbelievable.

Grammar:
Present Perfect Simple/Continuous:
-​ Present Perfect Simple
+​ Suj + have/has + participle (-ed/3 column irregular verbs)
-​ Suj + haven't/hasn't +participle
? Have/Has participle + Suj + participle
1. For actions which started in the past and haven't finished yet -> She has worked in my team for
3 years now.
2. For past actions whose results or consequences are in the present -> Look at your knees! What
has happened to you?
3. When the specific time of the action is not important or is unknown -> Have you ever travelled
abroad?
Present Perfect Continuous:
+​ Suj + have/has + been + verb + ing
-​ Suj + haven't/hasn't + been + verb + ing
? Have/Has + Suj + been + verb + ing
1.​ For an action which started in the past and hasn't finished yet, it focuses on duration ->
We have been waiting here for more than 30 minutes.
Contrast Connectors:
1. Although/Even though:
-​ Used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
-​ Introduces a clause (subject + verb).
-​ Example: Although it rained, we enjoyed our holiday.
2. Despite/In spite of:
-​ Used before a noun or gerund.
-​ Can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
-​ Example: Despite the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
3. However / Nevertheless:
-​ Generally connects two separate sentences.
-​ Example: We wanted to go. However, we couldn't afford it.
4. Whereas / While:
-​ Introduces a contrast with the main idea.
-​ Example: He loves travel, whereas his wife prefers staying home.
5. On the other hand:
-​ Introduces the second of two contrasting points.
-​ Often used with "On the one hand" for the first point.
-​ Example: On one hand, I'd like to go; on the other hand, it's expensive.
Making Comparisons:
-​ One of the easiest, not as interesting as, such a strange, not nearly as, by far cheaper than / far
cheaper than, more quickly than…
Relative Pronouns:

Relative Defining Non-defining Usage

who Yes Yes For people (subject)

whom Yes Yes For people (object), especially in non-defining clauses

whose Yes Yes For possession (people and things)

which Yes Yes For things (subject/object)

For people and things (subject/object) in defining

when Yes Yes For time expressions

where Yes Yes For place expressions