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This is a process state transition diagram used in operating systems to represent the lifecycle of a process

The document describes a process state transition diagram used in operating systems to illustrate the lifecycle of a process, detailing states such as New, Ready, Running, Blocked, Suspended Ready, Suspended Blocked, and Exit. It explains the transitions between these states, including how processes move from one state to another based on events like CPU allocation, timeouts, and memory management. Additionally, it distinguishes between processes in main memory and those in secondary memory.

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5 views

This is a process state transition diagram used in operating systems to represent the lifecycle of a process

The document describes a process state transition diagram used in operating systems to illustrate the lifecycle of a process, detailing states such as New, Ready, Running, Blocked, Suspended Ready, Suspended Blocked, and Exit. It explains the transitions between these states, including how processes move from one state to another based on events like CPU allocation, timeouts, and memory management. Additionally, it distinguishes between processes in main memory and those in secondary memory.

Uploaded by

anub0709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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This is a process state transition diagram used in operating systems to represent

the lifecycle of a process. It shows how a process moves between various states
during its execution. Let me explain each component and the transitions in
detail:

States in the Diagram


1. New:
o A process is in the "New" state when it has just been created but is
not yet ready to be executed.
o Example: A program is loaded into memory, and the operating
system prepares the process.
2. Ready:
o In the "Ready" state, the process is waiting to be assigned to the
CPU.
o It is ready to execute but cannot proceed because the CPU is busy
with other tasks.
o All necessary resources except the CPU have been allocated.

3. Running:
o When the CPU executes a process, the process is in the "Running"
state.
o This is the only state where the process actively performs
computations.
4. Blocked:
o A process moves to the "Blocked" state when it is waiting for an
event to occur.
o Example: The process might be waiting for I/O operations (like
reading a file) or external input.
5. Suspended Ready:
o A process is moved to secondary memory (like the hard drive) due
to lack of main memory.
o The process is ready but cannot execute because it is not in main
memory.
6. Suspended Blocked:
o This is similar to the "Blocked" state but the process has been
swapped to secondary memory.
7. Exit:
o When a process completes its execution or is terminated, it
transitions to the "Exit" state.

Transitions Between States


1. New → Ready (Admit):
 After the process is created and loaded into memory, the OS admits it into
the "Ready" state.
 Example: The process has passed the admission checks and is now ready
to compete for CPU allocation.
2. Ready → Running (Dispatch):
 The scheduler selects the process from the "Ready" queue and assigns the
CPU to it.
 This is the transition where a process starts active execution.
3. Running → Ready (Timeout):
 If a running process exceeds its allotted CPU time slice in a time-sharing
system, it is preempted and moved back to the "Ready" state.
 Example: Round-robin scheduling.
4. Running → Blocked (Event Wait):
 A process transitions to "Blocked" when it needs to wait for an event, like
an I/O operation to complete.
 Example: A process needs to read data from a file.
5. Blocked → Ready (Event Occur):
 When the event the process was waiting for is completed, it moves back to
the "Ready" state.
 Example: The file read operation finishes.
6. Running → Exit (Release):
 When a process completes its execution, it releases all resources and
moves to the "Exit" state.
7. Ready → Suspended Ready (Suspend):
 If the system runs low on memory, a process in the "Ready" state can be
swapped to secondary storage, transitioning to "Suspended Ready."
 Example: Memory management swaps out inactive processes to make
room for active ones.
8. Suspended Ready → Ready (Activate):
 When sufficient memory is available, a "Suspended Ready" process is
moved back to the "Ready" state in main memory.
9. Blocked → Suspended Blocked (Suspend):
 If a "Blocked" process cannot proceed and the system is low on memory, it
is swapped to secondary storage, transitioning to "Suspended Blocked."
10. Suspended Blocked → Blocked (Activate):
 When the event the process was waiting for is completed and memory is
available, it moves back to the "Blocked" state in main memory.
11. Suspended Blocked → Suspended Ready (Event Occur):
 If the event the process was waiting for occurs while it is still in secondary
storage, it transitions to the "Suspended Ready" state.

Main Memory vs. Secondary Memory


 Main Memory: Processes in the "Ready," "Running," and "Blocked" states
reside in main memory.
 Secondary Memory: Processes in the "Suspended Ready" and
"Suspended Blocked" states are moved to secondary memory to free up
main memory.

This diagram illustrates how an operating system manages multiple processes


efficiently by balancing CPU time, memory, and event handling. Let me know if
you need further clarification on any aspect!

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