A Disaster Management System Using Cloud

Computing
Mahendra Kumar Gourisaria
2023 20th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA) | 979-8-3503-1943-9/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/AICCSA59173.2023.10479284

Saurabh Singhal Ashish Sharma

Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering School of Computer Engineering, KIIT
and Applications and Applications Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar
GLA University, Mathura GLA University, Mathura 751024, Odisha,
India India India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Imed Ben Dhaou
Bhisham Sharma
Department of Computer Science,
Chitkara University Institute of
Hekma School of Engineering,
Engineering and Technology,
Computing, and Design,
Chitkara University, Punjab, India Dar Al Hekma Univerity,
[email protected] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
[email protected]

Abstract—Natural disasters cause immense hardship for can be empowered to endure and recover from disasters by
communities around the world, necessitating effective and educating and preparing them, which develops social
coordinated responses to mitigate the consequences on relationships, fosters a sense of solidarity, and allows
infrastructure and human life. Cloud computing is a communities to weather the storm, both literally and
breakthrough technology that has enormous promise for metaphorically. Figure 1 shows the life cycle of disaster
improving disaster management tactics. This study investigates management.
the critical role of cloud computing in disaster management,
showing its multiple benefits during the phases of planning, Disaster
response, and recovery. The study investigates how cloud
computing improves disaster preparedness by allowing
stakeholders to simulate and prepare for various disaster
scenarios using data-gathering capabilities, collaborative tools, Preparation Response
and simulation models. The paper discusses the role of cloud Disaster Management
computing in preparation of disaster management and how an Life Cycle
organization can use the latest technology to minimize the
impact of disaster on it.
After Disaster
Keywords—Disaster management, Cloud Computing, Recovery
Mitigation
Disaster recovery, continuity planning. Security Before Disaster

I. INTRODUCTION
Natural disasters are indisputably devastating Fig. 1. Disaster Management Life cycle
catastrophes caused by natural processes on Earth that are
extremely destructive and disastrous [1,35]. Wildfires, Disaster management benefits the environment by
tsunamis, earthquakes, and hurricanes can all have disastrous limiting the amount of hazardous material released and
results, resulting in loss of life, displacement, and financial preventing environmental harm [4]. It also aids in the
disaster. Users must respond to these occurrences quickly management of trash and the preservation of natural
and efficiently, with rapid coordination, access to critical resources for future generations, maintaining the
information, and effective resource deployment. Natural sustainability of our world. Disaster management entails
disaster severity can vary depending on several factors, more than just responding to emergencies; it also includes
including the magnitude of the disaster, the readiness of the planning, recovery, and overall social well-being. Disaster
impacted region, and the effectiveness of disaster management, together with good resource management and
management and response. social order maintenance, is critical to building a resilient
and healthy society capable of weathering life's storms.
Effective disaster management is essential for
communities all around the world [2]. Natural or man-made Cloud computing is a significant advancement in disaster
disasters, whether natural or man-made, pose ongoing management [5]. It is very useful for data processing and can
hazards to human lives, critical infrastructure, economic significantly improve catastrophe preparedness, response,
stability, and community resilience. The economic impact of and recovery. Cloud computing can help coordinate efforts
such disasters can be devastating, with the destruction of to reduce the impact of natural disasters by allowing
critical infrastructure, interruptions in supply networks, and collaboration among multiple stakeholders such as
commercial losses resulting in far-reaching financial emergency response teams, government agencies, and non-
consequences [3]. However, with good disaster management, governmental organizations. The rapid capture, analysis, and
immediate economic losses can be minimized and dissemination of critical information provided by cloud
communities can return to normalcy faster, decreasing the computing is a critical benefit in the early stages of
long-term financial load on impacted regions. Organizations catastrophe mitigation. Furthermore, with the emergence of

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trends such as IoT and edge computing, cloud computing can anticipate emergency situations, and create efficient reaction
stimulate innovation across industries, which is an exciting plans.
prospect.
Public safety's crucial component of disaster preparation
The paper examines how cloud computing can be used to calls for quick access to vital resources. Cloud computing,
manage natural catastrophes throughout the disaster lifecycle with its ability to scale up and provide resources on demand,
and examines its benefits. Cloud computing offers an is a game changer [18]. This feature makes it possible for
integrated solution to the complex problems of disaster crisis management teams to easily get the equipment they
management, from the planning stage, where it assists with need, which is essential in a time of extreme strain. Cloud-
data collection, simulation modelling, and strategic planning, based solutions also promote collaboration and make it
to the response stage, where it enables quick resource simpler for organisations to do so. By exchanging
deployment, data storage, and geospatial analysis. information and coordinating their efforts through a central
platform, emergency responders, governmental agencies, and
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Related non-profit groups may respond to disasters more swiftly and
work is presented in Section II, Section III describes the role effectively. With the advent of cloud technology, a new era
of cloud computing in disaster preparedness; Section IV of disaster preparedness has begun. Disasters may now be
describes the role of cloud computing in disaster response;
prepared for, responded to, and recovered from more rapidly
Section V presents some of the case studies where cloud and effectively.
computing was used in disaster management; challenges and
considerations are mentioned in Section VI; Section VII Cloud computing plays an important role in disaster
outlines a cloud disaster recovery model; and finally, the preparedness, providing several revolutionary benefits. One
conclusion of the paper is presented in Section VIII. of the most significant benefits is the ability to employ
cloud-based resources to simulate various disaster scenarios,
II. RELATED WORK allowing organizations to undertake complicated simulations
that improve their disaster preparedness procedures. By
Numerous studies have explored cloud computing-based evaluating evacuation routes, assessing the impact on critical
disaster recovery for businesses, including storage recovery infrastructure, and allocating resources based on various
[6]. Business continuity requirements, such as abrupt service crisis scenarios, organizations can fine-tune their plans and
disruptions, have been addressed by authors in [7, 8]. Cloud become more effective and responsive. Cloud technology
gaming systems have also been explored for disaster allows us to collect and analyze real-time data, scale
recovery by authors in [9, 10]. resources efficiently, improve cooperation, and enhance
The authors in [11] introduced a conventional cloud response tactics through simulations [19]. With the
computing strategy to handle large volumes of data and increasing frequency and complexity of disasters, leveraging
diverse companies during disasters. However, few works cloud technology is essential if we want to stay ahead of the
have been presented and used in emergency scenarios. The curve and protect lives, infrastructure, and communities.
authors in [12,13] introduced a technique for addressing Besides these advantages, Cloud Computing helps disaster
emergency situations and introduced Cloud Probing Service management teams by providing real-time analysis, resource
(CPS) for selecting the best public cloud based on available provisioning with scalability, and allowing the teams to
resources. collaborate by providing them with different communication
tools. These are discussed below in the subsections.
Network communication is crucial in disaster
management systems. The authors in [14] have developed A. Real-time data collection and analysis
reliable 4G communication mechanisms, a protocol for
continuous connectivity. The authors in [15] suggested a Natural disaster management can be transformed by real-
communication system to ensure constant contact amongst time data collection and analysis paired with cloud
all participants in the rescue operation. a fire training computing [20]. The cloud’s processing capacity and real-
simulator for students to experience practical fire setups and time data agility can considerably improve disaster
evaluate rescue plans in a graphic environment [16]. These preparedness, response, and recovery efforts by
studies highlight the importance of network communication providing real-time awareness of the disaster's changing
in disaster management. conditions. When responding to a crisis, the cloud's ability to
collect and analyse data rapidly and efficiently is critical.
Organisations can use this data to monitor the situation as it
III. CLOUD COMPUTING IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS develops, analyse the impact on impacted locations, and
Cloud computing has emerged as a key player in disaster track the migration of affected populations. This data is
preparedness, by changing the method to gather, process, and critical for deciding how to allocate resources, organise
exchange crucial information in advance [5]. It is an evacuations, and prioritise response actions. Emergency
important instrument for minimizing disaster impact and responders can employ advanced prediction models and
catastrophe forecasting due to its capacity to rapidly grow situational awareness to discover patterns, predict potential
resources, examine real-time data, and encourage risks, and analyse the likely route of a disaster with cloud-
cooperation. Real-time data gathering and analysis are powered real-time data analysis. This type of predictive data
essential for disaster preparedness [17]. In order to improve is crucial for preparing for worst-case circumstances,
forecasting and early warning systems, businesses can now optimising resource deployment, and, ultimately, saving
collect data from a number of sources, such as weather lives.
sensors, social media feeds, and historical records, thanks to
cloud platforms. Decision-makers can examine this data
using the cloud's computational power to identify dangers,

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B. Scalability and resource provisioning the crisis and more effective decision-making. Cloud-based
For a prompt and successful response to natural disasters, storage also offers data redundancy, lowering the risk of data
scalability and resource allocation in the cloud are essential loss due to damage to local infrastructure. Overall, cloud
[21]. By enabling quick resource modifications based on computing is an essential component of disaster response
demand, cloud computing ensures that crucial systems activities that provides undeniable benefits.
remain responsive. For disaster management companies to Assessing disaster consequences, locating damaged
handle the growing workload of data processing, locations, and organizing response operations all require
communication, and coordination, adaptability is essential. geospatial analysis and mapping [23]. With cloud-based
The cloud provides on-demand resources for emergency systems, responders can access cutting-edge geospatial
responders during natural disasters, ensuring that vital technologies, enabling them to create detailed maps,
services continue to run even if local infrastructure is visualize crisis scenarios, and confidently allocate resources
affected. This lessens service interruptions and creates a based on real-time information. This ability is essential for
strong foundation for disaster response operations. planning aid distribution to the worst-affected areas.
Planning for disaster recovery and continuity is important for
C. Collaboration and communication tools organizational resilience since it calls for several techniques,
Cloud-based collaboration solutions have transformed rules, and guidelines designed to minimize the effects of
disaster management by allowing quick, flexible, and disasters while maintaining essential operations in the face of
accessible communication. The effectiveness and efficiency significant obstacles. Figure 2 shows the life cycle for
of emergency response activities are increased by using these disaster recovery.
systems, which establish a centralized hub for many players.
Cloud-based communication solutions offer a reliable way to
communicate important information during natural disasters
[22]. They facilitate remote collaboration and are scalable,
which enhances disaster preparedness and recovery.
However, challenges with connectivity and data security
need to be resolved, and workers need adequate training to
use these technologies effectively.

D. Simulation and modeling for disaster scenarios

Cloud-based collaboration solutions have transformed
natural disaster management by enabling quick, flexible, and
accessible communication. These systems create a
centralized center for various stakeholders, increasing the
efficiency and efficacy of emergency response efforts.
During natural disasters, cloud-based communication tools
provide a dependable means of transmitting important
information. They are scalable and enable remote
collaboration, which improves catastrophe preparedness and
recovery. However, issues such as data security and
connectivity must be solved, and workers must be
sufficiently trained to use these technologies efficiently.
Fig. 2. Disaster Mangement Life cycle
IV. CLOUD COMPUTING IN DISASTER RESPONSE
Disaster response is a challenging and complicated task A. Disaster Recovery (DR)
that necessitates effective management. Cloud computing is Restoration of IT infrastructure and systems after a
a critical tool for disaster response as it provides disruptive incident is a crucial step in disaster recovery [24].
organizations with an agile and scalable platform for To ensure that crucial services can be rapidly restarted, it is
resource deployment, data management, collaboration, and important to reduce downtime and data loss. A strong tool
quick decision-making. One of the primary advantages of for protecting vital data, applications, and systems is cloud-
cloud computing in disaster response is the instantaneous based disaster recovery, which makes use of the scalability
deployment of resources. When a disaster strikes, resources and flexibility of cloud infrastructure. The simplicity of
are in high demand, and the cloud enables organizations to scaling, cost-effectiveness, and greater resilience are only a
scale the resources to meet these demands, ensuring that few of its many noteworthy benefits. Employing cloud-based
critical systems stay responsive even when subjected to disaster recovery tools, businesses may guarantee that even
enormous amounts of data processing, communication, and in the face of major difficulties, their vital processes continue
coordination during a crisis. to run smoothly. Table 1 shows various disaster recovery
approaches based on the cloud environment.
The cloud's dynamic scalability confirms that emergency
responders have the tools they need without being restrained
by infrastructure restrictions. Data storage and retrieval are TABLE I. CLOUD-BASED DR APPROACH
also vital elements of disaster response, and the cloud Managed Cloud-based Replication in
provides secure and centralized storage for storing enormous Primary and DR backup and Cloud
volumes of real-time data. This data is accessible to multiple instances restore
stakeholders, allowing for shared knowledge of the scope of

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 Instances Salesforce.com Cloud to cloud Cloud to cloud information. Organizations need to ensure that they are well-
Email in cloud positioned to keep providing crucial services and retaining
Advantages Fully managed DR Only requires Best Recovery stakeholder confidence even in the face of substantial
Least complex cloud storage Point Objectives
Less complex (RPO) and problems by utilizing cloud technologies. Table II shows
than then Recovery Time continuity planning and its impact using a cloud
replication Objectives environment.
approach (RTO)
Caution Service level Less favorable Highly complex
agreements define RTOs and TABLE II. CLOUD-BASED CONTINUITY PLANNING
access to RPOs than
RTO Approach Result
production and DR replication
instances approach RPO 24 Hours Daily backup via In the wrost scenario, the
Implemented N/A Backup Replication Cloud record of the entire day may
via applications software, cloud be lost
and appliances gateways RPO 12 Hours Incremental In the wrost scenario, some of
Backup, the record of may be lost
followed by daily
Businesses must back up their data and restore their IT backup
systems after a disruptive occurrence. If the primary data RPO 1 Hour Real-time Data loss is minimal
center is damaged, cloud platforms offer a way to replicate Replication via
data in real-time to external servers, guaranteeing that data is Cloud
safe and can be restored rapidly. This makes it possible to set
up failover systems that, if the primary environment is
unavailable, instantly transition to backup instances in the V. CASE STUDIES
cloud. Recovery processes can be regularly assessed without
interfering with production, ensuring that recovery plans are There are a few real-world case studies that depict the
current and efficient. Cloud-based disaster recovery options significance of cloud computing in disaster recovery and
offer scalable, cost-effective alternatives that do not require continuity planning:
significant expenditures on physical infrastructure just for
backup needs. Organizations can guarantee that their crucial A. Hurricane Katrina
activities continue to run even in the face of substantial Hurricane Katrina devastated the southern United States
problems thanks to the flexibility and resilience given by severely in 2005 [26]. It was challenging for businesses to
cloud infrastructure. carry on operating in the devastated areas because many of
them lost their IT infrastructure. But since their information
B. Continuity Planning was still reachable from a distance, organizations that had
migrated their data and apps to the cloud were able to
When creating a business continuity plan, all facets of quickly recover and resume operations.
operations, including personnel and processes, need to be
considered. [25]. Cloud technology can be extremely useful B. 2011 Tsunami in Japan
in keeping vital operations running during a disruptive event. Numerous businesses were forced to close their doors
With cloud-based applications and services, employees can after the tsunami that struck Japan in 2011 [27]. Those who
remotely access data to continue their work and effectively have made the switch to the cloud could access their data and
communicate with stakeholders and customers. Figure 3 programs from any location with an internet connection,
show the life cycle of continuity planning. allowing them to continue working remotely.

C. 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Impact
Analysis Numerous companies were compelled to relocate to
remote work due to the COVID-19 epidemic [28, 29]. The
move was simpler for those who had already embraced cloud
computing because they could access their data and
applications from any location with an internet connection.
Testing & Continuity Recovery Due to this, they were able to carry on with business as usual
maintenance Planning Strategies
while still providing for their clients. Cloud computing was
crucial to the continuity and disaster recovery strategies in
each of these situations. Businesses were able to guarantee
that their data was accessible from any location, even in the
Plan
event of natural disasters or pandemics, by shifting their data
Development and apps to the cloud. These case studies exemplify how
cloud computing can empower businesses to remain
operational, even in the face of natural disasters or other
Fig. 3. Continuity Planning Life cycle disruptions, with utmost confidence.

Cloud services may scale up or down as per demand, VI. CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS
guaranteeing that users can still access them. Additionally,
Planning for disaster recovery and continuity in the cloud
cloud-based technologies can be used to support emergency
poses unique challenges that require careful consideration.
notifications, giving everyone concerned timely and accurate

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Although the cloud offers many benefits, businesses must
address critical factors to guarantee a successful and robust
strategy. Some key challenges and considerations that an Analysis
organization needs to consider while moving on the cloud
are:

A. Data Security and Privacy

Ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive data is of
utmost importance. It is imperative for organizations to
meticulously choose cloud providers that adhere to strict
security standards, encrypt data both at rest and in transit,
Implementation Testing
and establish strong access controls. Compliance with data
protection regulations, such as GDPR or HIPAA, is crucial
when handling sensitive information.

B. Network Connectivity Fig. 4. Cloud Disaster Recovery Model

In the event of a natural disaster, it's crucial to have Figure 5, depicts the Cloud security model, it contains the
reliable and fast network connectivity to access necessary five basic steps and then it is applied to the existing system.
cloud-based resources. It's important for organizations to In each step, basic existing guidelines [32-34] of cloud
prioritize the availability and redundancy of their internet architecture are followed with respective security issues.
connections, particularly in areas where communication
infrastructure may be compromised. This ensures that we
have access to the resources we need for successful recovery
efforts and ultimately saving lives. Security Requirement
in the Cloud

C. Cost
Security and Risk Existing Platform
It's important for companies using a pay-as-you-go Assessment
business model to manage cloud service costs effectively.
Utilization monitoring and resource optimization of cloud Security Security Security
Security Features Problem Solutions Use Case
service utilization can help in controlling costs and Identification
preventing unpleasant surprises. Businesses might make the
most of their cloud-based resources using this approach Security Tactics
Security Pattern
without going over budget. Definition
Resisting Detecting Recovery
D. Disaster Recovery Testing and Personnel Training Attack Attacks
Security Pattern
To ensure that their cloud-based solutions are adequately Classification
tested, it is essential for organizations to regularly test their
disaster recovery and continuity strategies. Included in this Fig. 5. Cloud Disaster Recovery Model
are an emphasis on data recovery specifically, failover
options, and the capacity to return operations to normal in a
fair amount of time. Personnel in charge of disaster recovery VIII. CONCLUSION
and continuity planning should be well-versed in cloud Organisations’ approaches to planning for continuity and
technology, security best practices, and the protocols used by disaster recovery have changed because of cloud computing.
the company. Additionally, staff members need to be It has created new opportunities for improving crisis
knowledgeable on how to use failover, data restoration, and preparedness, reactivity, and effectiveness. Because of the
collaboration tools in the cloud environment. cloud's scalability, resources are distributed swiftly, ensuring
that critical services continue to function in emergency
E. Compliance and Regulatory Considerations situations. In addition to providing decision-makers with
Organizations working in regulated industries need to reliable, current information, real-time data gathering and
take compliance standards into account when using cloud- analysis also enables proactive measures that aid in
based disaster recovery and continuity solutions. Contractual preventing harm and saving lives. The communication and
agreements with cloud service providers may be required to collaboration capabilities available in the cloud also enable
comply with these demands to guarantee data residency and smooth coordination among many disaster-affected parties.
compliance standards [30, 31]. This open platform encourages a coordinated response,
avoids redundant work, and increases the overall
effectiveness of crisis management initiatives. Additionally,
VII. CLOUD DISASTER RECOVERY MODEL
cloud-based disaster recovery and continuity planning allow
After analyzing the challenges and issues the general businesses to quickly restore services, apps, and data in the
model for the Cloud Disaster Recovery Model is shown in event of an interruption.
Figure 4. The Model basically has three steps: Analysis,
testing, and implementation. Future disaster management systems will leverage cloud
computing for enhanced security, data analytics, predictive
modeling, geospatial analysis, IoT integration, drones,

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