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Sound slide

Sound is created by the vibration of particles that travel through various media, with loudness measured in decibels. Sound waves can be longitudinal, with compression and rarefaction, and their speed varies depending on the medium. Key characteristics of sound waves include amplitude, frequency, and pitch, which determine the loudness and tone of the sound.

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10 views

Sound slide

Sound is created by the vibration of particles that travel through various media, with loudness measured in decibels. Sound waves can be longitudinal, with compression and rarefaction, and their speed varies depending on the medium. Key characteristics of sound waves include amplitude, frequency, and pitch, which determine the loudness and tone of the sound.

Uploaded by

Trần Nghĩa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Sound?

Sound is formed by a vibration of particles


that travel through the air or another medium.
For example, when music comes out of a speaker, the
object vibrates and the sound travels through air.

But we often
This is how the
measure
molecules
sound like
move in sound.
this.
What is Sound?
Sound is formed by a vibration of particles
that travel through the air or another medium.
Vibrations Make Sound
Vibration means moving quickly back and forth.
Something that vibrates may shake at the same time.
• Vibrations can have a pattern or they can be
completely random.
• If particles vibrate in a regular way, it may produce a
musical note because it can make the air vibrate.

Random vibrations Vibrations with a pattern


make noise. can make musical notes.
Measuring Sound
Loudness of sound is
related to the amplitude
(ie: sound pressure).

• The loudness of
sound is measured in
decibels (dB) using
an audiometer.
• The more decibels,
the louder the sound.
Measuring Sound
Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids and
gases. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum (like space).
• The speed of sound varies (changes) depending on the
medium it is travelling through.
• Sound travels the
fastest in solids
because the atoms
are packed together
tighter than in liquids
and gases.
Measuring Sound
Sound travels faster in water than air. Sound
travels even faster in steel.
Can you match the speed of sound to the
medium?
air
340 m/s

metal 1500 m/s


5000 m/s
water
Compression and Rarefaction
When particles vibrate to make sound, it causes
compression and rarefaction.
• Compression is the part of the wave where particles
are pressured on all sides into a smaller space.

• Rarefaction is part
of the wave that
expands and is
the opposite of
compression.
Sound Waves
Parts of a Wave
There are 4 parts to a wave; the trough, crest,
amplitude and wavelength.
• The trough represents the rarefaction on a sound
wave and is the lowest point of the wave.
• The crest represents the compression of molecules
on the sound wave and is the highest point of the
wave. Crest

Trough
Parts of a Wave
There are 4 parts to a wave; the trough, crest,
amplitude and wavelength.
• The amplitude is the height of the wave
which is the maximum extent of a
vibration.
• The greater the amplitude, the louder the
sound.
Amplitude
Amplitude
Parts of a Wave
There are 4 parts to a wave; the trough, crest,
amplitude and wavelength.
• The wavelength tells you the frequency
(number of waves per second).
• The greater the frequency (closer together
the waves), the higher pitched the sound.
distance between crests

Wavelength
Pitch and Frequency

Higher frequency Lower frequency


Label the Wave
Label the parts of the wave:
Crest Wavelength
A
C
Wavelength Trough
Amplitude
B
Amplitude
Crest
D
Trough
Amplitude and Volume
Circle the correct words:
• The larger/smaller the amplitude
of the wave, the louder/quieter
the sound. quiet sound

The bigger the


amplitude of the wave,
the louder the sound. loud sound
Amplitude and Volume
Which picture represents the loudest sound? 4

Which picture represents the quietest sound? 5


Frequency and Pitch
Circle the correct words:
• The smaller/greater the
wavelength of the wave, the
low pitched sound lower/higher the frequency of the
sound.

The more waves you


see, the higher the
high pitched sound
frequency and pitch.
Frequency and Pitch
Which picture represents the highest pitch? 5

Which picture represents the lowest pitch? 1


Types of Waves
Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
There are two types of waves, called
longitudinal waves and transverse waves.
• Sound waves
are longitudinal
waves.

• Light and water


waves are
transverse
waves.
Longitudinal Waves
In longitudinal waves, the particles move back and
forth in a propagated (continuous) direction.
• Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
• Longitudinal waves move like
Slinky's, with the particles oscillating
(turning) in a continuous direction.

particles move side to side


Transverse Waves
In transverse waves, the particles move at a right
angle from the line of propagation.
• Light and heat waves (which we cannot
see) are transverse waves.
• Transverse waves can happen on the
surface of a liquid or go through a solid.

particles move up and down


Reflection of Sound Waves
Sounds waves can be reflected, the same way
that light waves can be reflected.
• If a sound is not
absorbed (taken in) or
transmitted (passed
through) when it strikes
a surface, it will be
reflected.
• When sound is reflected,
it is called an echo.

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