© 2024 JETIR May 2024, Volume 11, Issue 5 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

SMART REAL-TIME DRAINAGE

MONITORING SYSTEM
RAHUL KRISHNAN V SUMUKHA S TARUN PRASANNA
ECE Dept ECE Dept ECE Dept
K. S. Institute of Technology K. S. Institute of Technology K. S. Institute of Technology

TEJAS N REDDY Dr. P N SUDHA

ECE Dept HOD, ECE Dept
K. S. Institute of Technology K. S. Institute of Technology

ABSTRACT irregular monitoring. Additionally, manual

Every individual has the right to live in a healthy monitoring is inept.
environment. Blocked drains often cause flooding in many The sensors are used by the monitoring system. The
other developing countries, leading to unhygienic microcontroller reads the data from the sensor and
conditions. Consequently, sewage gas poisoning of the air
leads to a host of health issues. One of the main causes of the
uses the GSM module to send the data to the server.
increase in Aides mosquito populations is standing water on The information received is very helpful in
the road for extended periods of time. It is difficult to track identifying any obstructions or clogs in the drainage
manually because issues don't always become apparent until system. The authorities in question receive the data,
they are completely blocked and the area is underwater. This which aids in their efforts to clear the system of
study suggests a warning system that creates sensed data
using IOT and GSM techniques and sends it to the
obstructions. GPS is used to pinpoint the blockage's
controlling authorities to stop such incidents before they location for the authorities.
have a chance to affect the public. An ultrasonic sensor
detects sewer gas, a water level sensor tracks water flow, and LITERATURE SURVEY
a MQ135 sensor measures sewer distance. Real-time data
monitoring will be possible for both the public and the
According to Hemamalini M. and Puvaneshwari S.'s
authorities through an online website that uses NodeMCU. work "Smart Real Time Drainage Monitoring
When the level hits a predetermined level, it will use GPS to System Using Iot" (April 2022), an intelligent
pinpoint the location of the problematic areas and send a text drainage system with sensors to detect obstructions,
message via GSM to report the issues. The user can modify floods, and gasses should be designed. The system
the threshold values to fit their preferences. Because the
system shows real-time data and ensures timely notifications
senses harmful gases like methane (CH4), sulphur
to the appropriate authority, people in the neighbourhood dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) and
can live healthier lives. generates alarms when gas levels exceed threshold
values. It also looks for blockages and provides
Keywords: GSM, Alert system, MQ135, Ultrasonic location data for action. Using Wireless Sensor
Sensor, Water Sensor, GPS Module Networking (WSN) technology, sensor data is sent
INTRODUCTION to a cloud for real-time monitoring, ensuring a
Millions of people live in large cities, where healthy environment and preventing waterborne
drainage systems are crucial. The foundation for infections.
land dryness from excess, wasted, and rainwater is
the drainage system. Monitoring drainage In his paper "Smart Drainage Monitoring and
conditions is necessary to keep it functioning Controlling System Using IoT," published in 2021,
properly. Not every area has a drainage monitoring Tushar Pathak proposes the use of IoT in a smart
team, in actuality. It results in sporadic drainage drainage monitoring and controlling system to
condition monitoring. The neighbourhood’s automate the maintenance of urban subsurface
flooding is caused by the salutation that results from drainage systems. Its goal is to continuously
blocked drainage, which is partly due to the monitor water levels, obstacles, air temperature,

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hazardous gas concentrations, and water flow rates. temperature sensors, gas sensors for the detection of
The drainage system is meant to sense obstructions hazardous gases, and ultrasonic sensors for
and overflow, so it has the ability to automatically blockage detection, it continuously assesses the
clear clogs. Among the objectives are smarter state of the drainage system. By alerting local
drainage management, affordable infrastructure authorities ahead of time to obstacles and other
management, real-time environmental condition issues, the technology allows for timely
updates, and cleaner cities. intervention. This concept is particularly
appropriate for smart cities and urban areas as it
Raakeshvarshan S., "Smart Real-Time Sewage attempts to increase the efficiency and
Monitoring System Using Iot," (2022).The study dependability of drainage system management.
recommends a Smart Real-Time Sewage
Monitoring System that is based on the Internet of Samiha Sultana, "An Iot Based Smart Drain
Things to track and fix problems with sewage outlet Monitoring System With Alert Messages,"
systems, particularly blockages that could result in (2021).This study proposes a smart drain
overflows. The system uses a variety of sensors, monitoring system with an alert system that is based
including gas sensors to keep an eye on gas leaks on the Internet of Things. It uses water level sensors
and levels, door magnetic sensors to close the lid to monitor water flow, an ultrasonic sensor to gauge
automatically, and ultrasonic sensors to find the distance between sewage and water, and sensors
obstacles. These sensors use an Arduino Uno such as the MQ135 to detect sewer gas. When
ATmega328P chip to wirelessly transfer data to a thresholds are crossed, it locates itself using GPS
server or client so that quick action can be taken. and texts the relevant areas to authorities via GSM,
The system is perfect for enhancing sewage alerting them to the situation. Furthermore, real-
management and reducing the risk to manual time data access is made possible by an online
scavengers because of its low cost, ease of website powered by NodeMCU, allowing officials
maintenance, and capacity to send emails or and the general public to monitor the situation. The
messages when thresholds are exceeded. system aims to provide real-time data and alert
authorities promptly in order to promote community
Rohit Shende, "Case Study Of Smart Real-Time health.
Drainage Monitoring System," 2020.The study
proposes a novel Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)- G. Chandhini, "Iot Based Underground Drainage
based real-time drainage monitoring system for big Monitoring System," 2020.The article suggests an
cities. It searches for obstructions between Internet of Things-based subterranean drainage
manholes, hazardous gasses, and rising water levels. monitoring system to monitor harmful gases in
The system is made up of Arduino microcontrollers, sewage and alert manual scavengers when gas levels
flow sensors, gas sensors, and NRF communication exceed predefined thresholds. The Node MCU
modules. Authorities can respond quickly thanks to functions as both the system's internet link and
this configuration, which improves worker safety central controller, and it employs six sensors to
and system maintenance by providing real-time identify gases. Pollution worker deaths can be
information. prevented by turning on mobile pollution
monitoring and displaying the system's outputs
Aditya Patel, "IoT-Based Drainage Monitoring through a smartphone app.
System" (2020). This study employs a network of
interconnected sensors to create a real-time alerting "Iot Based Underground Drainage Monitoring
system for monitoring subsurface drainage and System," M. Pavithra (2022).The report
manholes in urban areas. It includes a notification recommends an ingenious Internet of Things-based
system to alert government authorities about system for monitoring drainage water levels and
obstructions, leaks, or high water levels, as well as obstructions in order to keep the city clean. The data
sensors to monitor temperature and hazardous is collected by sensors and sent to a Raspberry Pi3
sewage gasses to provide cleaners with safe working controller. Based on the controller's output, the
conditions and safety measures. drainage water level, gas, and humidity levels are
graphically displayed on an LCD screen and a web
Vaibhav Thate, "Smart Drainage System," page, respectively. The device also sounds an alarm
(2021).In order to improve city cleanliness and when the water level rises above a pre-set threshold.
safety, this paper proposes a "Smart Drainage This technology provides real-time services and
System" that monitors the subsurface drainage amenities to improve the growth and management
system. Using a range of sensors, including of cities.
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networks, it automatically detects and updates

"Smart Real-Time Drainage Monitoring System Using physical attributes like temperature, water level,
Internet of Things," by Gaurang Sonawane (2020).The humidity, flow rate, and obstruction. The system
study suggests a clever real-time drainage monitoring can be tailored for environmental monitoring,
system that makes use of a variety of sensors, including including the detection of floods and volcanic
gas, obstruction, and water level sensors. The system's activity, and it can be extended to agricultural areas
objectives are to improve flood detection in the early or other environmental applications. Some of the
stages, monitor dangerous gas concentrations for worker features of the sensor network are the platform
safety, and identify obstructions in sewer lines to structure, compliance, renewability, improvements
generate early cleaning alerts. With the aim of to sensor nodes and interactions, errors in
maintaining the city safe, clean, and healthy as well as interactions and functions, service availability for a
minimizing manual drainage monitoring for the variety of needs, and user server dependability in
protection of sewer workers, it makes use of Wireless relation to IoT applications.
Sensor Networking (WSN) technology to gather and
send data to a cloud for real-time monitoring. Dr. Gunasekaran M., "Iot-Enabled Underground
Drainage Monitoring System Using Water Flow
Sensor," (2021).The study proposes the use of a
Bhanujyothi, "Cloud-based smart system for
water flow sensor to develop a subsurface drainage
managing and monitoring drainage using IoT,"
monitoring system with Internet of Things
2020.This paper proposes a cloud-based smart
capabilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) is updated
drainage monitoring framework that uses the
by this system using an Arduino, water flow
Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor drainage
sensors, and GSM technology, enabling real-time
systems autonomously. It monitors water flow rates
administration and monitoring of underground
and detects potentially hazardous gases using
systems. It is meant to help locate blockages in the
sensors. When sensors detect values that are higher
drainage system, reduce water waste, and prevent
than the threshold, they record and examine the data
diseases caused by contaminated water. Technology
in the cloud. A buzzer is activated to indicate the
helps to maintain a risk-free and well-maintained
need for prompt action when an alert from the Blynk
drainage system by enabling real-time updates via
server is sent via SMS to the municipal office. The
the web.
system aims to improve management of urban
drainage systems and mitigate issues faced by
Smart Cities: IoT-Powered Waste Management and
residents residing in close proximity to drainage
Drainage Monitoring and Alert System, Aarthi M
systems.
(2021).The study recommends a system consisting
of an ultrasonic sensor, a gas sensor, and a surface
IoT-Powered Intelligent Waste Management
sensor to remotely monitor drainage depth, gas
System featuring GSM and WiFi Module Tiwari
level, and temperature. Its objective is to create self-
Priya (2021).The article proposes an Internet of
sufficient, affordable wastewater and waste
Things (IoT)-based smart sewage monitoring
management systems using the Internet of Things
system that uses sensors and communication
(IoT). The system includes cloud storage for the
modules to identify temperature, stink gas, and
GPS sensor node, a network coordinator, and an
clogs in sewage systems. Ultrasonic sensors monitor
improved graphical user interface for remote access.
water levels, an LM35 temperature sensor measures
The sensor node facilitates smart system
the temperature inside manholes, and a MQ-2 gas
applications by collecting physical parameter
sensor detects potentially hazardous gases. The
readings and sending the data via the Blynk server.
system transfers data to the cloud for graphical
representation and uses GSM to send alerts to a
registered cellphone number. Its objectives are to METHODOLOGY
make subterranean systems run more smoothly, Manholes are placed over the drainage channels to
protect sewage workers from harm, and provide a allow for operation and the removal of internal
cost- and time-effective, human-free solution. blockages. The sensor node is installed inside the
manhole, where it gathers and transmits the
necessary sensed data regarding the obstruction,
Parameshachari Bd, "Intelligent Human Free
hazardous gases, and environmental factors to
Sewage Alerting and Monitoring System,"
identify increased drainage system flow levels. It
(2021).The report recommends an automated
will communicate with the sensor nodes located at
Internet of Things (IoT) system for the Underground
neighbouring manholes via the communication
Drainage Monitoring System (UDMS) of
modules. After that, this data will be sent to the base
developing countries. Through the use of sensor
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station for additional examination. Real-time The third component used is the ultra-sonic sensor
scenario monitoring of the water levels, drainage which is responsible for verifying the water flow in
blockages, and quantity of hazardous gases will be the pipes. It not only checks the water flow but also
conducted by sensors. The location ID and data checks the presence of any cracks in the pipes.
values provided by the drainage system's sensors Ultrasonic sensors, the workhorses of many robotic
will be used to provide the relevant authorities with and industrial applications, operate on a fascinating
information. principle. They utilize sound waves beyond the
human audible range (ultrasonic) to measure
distance, detect objects, and navigate environments.
This technology offers a robust and versatile
solution for various sensing needs. The values from
the ultra-sonic sensor will be fed to Arduino mega
board where it will be monitored for any
discrepancies.

FIG 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM The values from the 3 sensors (water level sensor,
MQ135 and ultra-sonic sensor) are collected and
In the block diagram we can see the different sent to the Arduino mega. In Arduino mega the
sensors being interfaced with the Arduino Mega program is dumped where the conditions are set.
board. The water level sensor, MQ 135 sensor and The values are then compared with the values that
ultrasonic sensor is interfaced to the Arduino Mega. are dumped in the program and if the values from
The Arduino mega board is powered by a power the sensor exceed the threshold values, then an alert
supply which also powers the water level sensor, will be given to the authorities along with the
MQ135 sensor and ultrasonic sensor. location as well as the values. The difference in the
values maybe due to any blockages or any cracks in
the pipes. This may result
The water level sensor is a device that measures the
liquid level in a fixed container that is too high or The values will be sent to the authorities using the
too low. The input type water level transmitter we GSM module and the location of the blockage will
call is a contact measurement, which converts the be sent using the GPS module.
height of the liquid level into an electrical signal for
output. It is currently a widely used water level The fourth component used is the GSM module
transmitter. The water level sensor is used to which is responsible for sending the message to the
measure the water flow inside the drainage pipes authorities the message includes the water level
and the same will be shown as output using the values, the gas sensor values and the location of the
Arduino mega board. The values from the water blockages which is received from the GPS module.
level sensor will be sent to the Arduino mega and This module has two antennas included. First is
the values will be sent to the concerned authorities. made of wire (which solders directly to NET pin on
PCB) - very useful in narrow places. Second - PCB
antenna - with double sided tape and attached pigtail
cable with IPX connector. This one has better
The MQ135 sensor is used to sense the harmful performance and allows to put your module inside a
gases that might be present in the water flowing metal case - as long the antenna is outside.
through the pipes. The MQ-135 sensor stands as a
valiant soldier in the fight for clean air. It's an The final component used is the GPS module which
electrochemical marvel, adept at detecting the is responsible for sending the location of the
presence of various gases, particularly volatile blockage to the authorities. The GPS module used is
organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic gases GPS Neo 6m module. the NEO-6M GPS module
like ammonia (NH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), and that can track 22 satellites and identify locations
benzene (C6H6). The values of the gas sensor will anywhere in the world. It can serve as a great launch
be sent to the Arduino mega board and the values pad for anyone looking to get into the world of GPS.
will be continuously monitored and sent to the
concerned authorities. All these are responsible for transmitting the
required information to the authorities. This can be
concluded by the following flowchart.

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RESULTS

FIG 2: FLOWCHART

Above shows the flowchart for our project.

Initially we switch on the device and wait for it to

power on. This activates the device and we make the
required conditions between sensors and The above picture represents our final working
microcontroller. This turns on the sensors and project.
sensor start taking the values. These values are
continuously monitored and checked with the
threshold values set in the program. These values When there is a blockage detected in the pipes a
are monitored to check if there are any SMS will be sent to the number which is uploaded
discrepancies. If there is any unusual spike in the in the program. The message includes the node
values then an alert will be sent to the authorities. where the blockage is detected and the
concentration of gases in the node. Also, with the
The data includes the data from the water level GPS module, the location of the blockage can also
sensor, the gas sensor and GPS module which tells be sent. This is shown in the 2 pictures that are
the position about the high values. attached below.

The sensors detect the liquid level, gases level and

ultrasonic levels. The values from these sensors will
be shown continuously on the IDE software. From
the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE, we can
continuously monitor the values for any sudden rise
or fall in the values. If the authorities see any
unexpected changes in the values, then it may be
either due to any blockages or any leak.

If the values from the sensors exceed the threshold,

then a message will be sent by the authorities. The REFERENCES
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