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05 Revision Notes (Coordinate Geometry).pdf

The document provides revision notes for Year 3 Mathematics on Coordinate Geometry, covering essential formulas such as gradient, mid-point, distance, equations of straight lines, area of plane figures, and the equation of a circle. It includes techniques for solving problems related to quadrilaterals and applications of the concepts discussed. Key points include the relationships between gradients, properties of shapes, and methods for calculating areas and distances.

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greathumveevods
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7 views

05 Revision Notes (Coordinate Geometry).pdf

The document provides revision notes for Year 3 Mathematics on Coordinate Geometry, covering essential formulas such as gradient, mid-point, distance, equations of straight lines, area of plane figures, and the equation of a circle. It includes techniques for solving problems related to quadrilaterals and applications of the concepts discussed. Key points include the relationships between gradients, properties of shapes, and methods for calculating areas and distances.

Uploaded by

greathumveevods
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

RAFFLES INSTITUTION

RAFFLES PROGRAMME 2024


YEAR 3 MATHEMATICS
TOPIC 5: COORDINATE GEOMETRY (M1 & M2)
REVISION NOTES
Name: ( ) Class: 3 ( ) Date:

FORMULAE

1. Gradient

y1 − y2
(a) Gradient of =
x1 − x2

- check the order and sign carefully

- Special cases: Gradient of horizontal line = 0


Gradient of vertical line is undefined

(b) Gradients of parallel lines are equal


Gradients of perpendicular lines are negative reciprocal
1
(i.e. m1m2 = −1 or m1 = − )
m2

(c) Collinear points (equal gradient)


If A, B and C are collinear, then Gradient of AB=gradient of BC=gradient of AC

(d) Angle of slope: Gradient = tan θ

2. Mid-point

 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 
Mid-point =  ,
 2 2 

- To find 4th vertex of parallelogram (use mid-points of diagonals)

3. Distance

Distance = ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2

4. Equation of straight line

(a) y = mx + c where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept


a
- gradient of ax + by + c = 0 is −
b

Page 1 of 4
(b) y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) (Need a point and gradient)

- Horizontal line: y = k
Vertical line: x = k

- When the line cuts the x-axis, put y = 0


When the line cuts the y-axis, put x = 0

- For point lies on 2 lines (intersection), solve simultaneous equations

- equation of perpendicular bisector

5. Area of Plane Figures

1
Area of ∆ABC = (x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 − x2 y1 − x3 y2 − x1 y3 )
2
x1 y1
1 x1 x2 x3 x1 1 x2 y2
= or
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 2 x3 y3
x1 y1 +
(Note: points are in anti-clockwise order)

- check order of vertices (in anti-clockwise order), do a sketch when


necessary
1
- area of parallelogram = 2 × area of triangle (must show 2 )
2
1
- formula " × base x height" is still useful (when one side of the triangle is
2
vertical or horizontal)

- use area to find perpendicular distance (e.g.: to find perpendicular distance


from A to BC, take BC as the base)

- ratio of areas (similar triangles, common height)

6. Ratio Theorem
If A is ( x1 , y1 ) and B is ( x2 , y2 ) and P divides AB in the ratio m : n, then the coordinates
of P is given by

FG mx + nx , my + ny IJ
2 1 2 1
H m+n m+n K (cross-multiplying method)

*Note: Able to differentiate between AB produced and BA produced

Page 2 of 4
7. Application Problems to Quadrilaterals
Quadrilateral

Diagonals bisect (same mid-points)

Parallelogram

One pair of adjacent sides


Diagonals perpendicular perpendicular

Rhombus Rectangle

One pair of adjacent diagonals perpendicular


sides perpendicular

Square

8. Equation of Circle

- Equation of circle with centre (a, b) and radius r units is


( x − a )2 + ( y − b )2 = r 2

- If the equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + c = 0 ,


the centre of the circle is ( a, b ) (divide by coefficient of x and y by −2)
radius is a 2 + b 2 − c

- Equation of tangent at point of contact:

*Note: radius through point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent

TECHNIQUES

(a) Mid-point
- To find the 4th point of parallelogram (use mid-points of diagonals
- to find equation of perpendicular bisector
- to find image of point under reflection
(b) Equation of straight line
- need a point and gradient
- for gradient, note // and ⊥ lines
(c) To find point
- For point lies on x-axis, put y = 0 in the equation
- For point lies on y-axis, put x = 0 in the equation
- For point lies on 2 lines, solve simultaneous equations

Page 3 of 4
(d) Area
- check order of vertices (in anti-clockwise order), do a sketch when
necessary
- For area of parallelogram, use 2 × area of triangle
1
- formula " × base x height" is still useful (when one side of the triangle is
2
vertical or horizontal)
- use area to find perpendicular distance
- ratio of areas (similar triangles, common height)

(e) Quadrilaterals (Q9, 14, 16, 17)

(f) Equation of circle (Q4, 7, 12)


- need centre and radius
- equation of tangent (need point of contact and gradient of radius
perpendicular to gradient of tangent)
- need geom properties of circles (tan ⊥ rad, ∠ in semicircle)

Page 4 of 4

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