PHY 032: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Harmonic Motion Materials:

Lesson Objectives Calculator, Paper, and pen
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
References:
1. 1. Compute the spring constant of a simple harmonic motion of a College Physics by Giambatista,
helical spring. Richardson, Richardson.
2. 2. Interpret the circle of reference of a simple harmonic motion. Physics for Scientist and
3. Calculate the maximum velocity, period of vibration and Engineers with Modern Physics
amplitude of simple harmonic motion of a spring. by Serwey, Jewett.
College Physics by Weber,
Manning, White, Weygand
https://isaacphysics.org/concepts/cp_shm

Your childhood is not complete if you

have not once ride on a swing.
Describe how the swing works. Now,
study closely the other three
illustrations and relate it to the swing.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
Three types of motion have been treated in the previous lessons. The first type is that of an object
in equilibrium, a motion with constant velocity and fixed direction. The second type is the motion which is
caused by the action of a constant force parallel to the direction of motion, wherein the direction is
constant, and the velocity increases uniformly. The third type is the uniform circular motion, which
produced by a centripetal force of constant magnitude directed inward along the radius of the circular
path of the moving objects.
Another type of motion that is important in mechanics is the vibratory motion of objects. Such an
object moves back and forth along a fixed path, repeating over and over a fixed series of motions and
returning to each position and velocity after a definite period. Such motion is called harmonic or periodic
motion.

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

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Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1 How does a pendulum wall clock

work?

2 What is an oscillation?

3 How does bungee jumping

work?

B. MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)
Simple Harmonic Motion (𝑺𝑯𝑴)

𝑎 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑚
𝑎 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐹 𝑠 𝑚
𝑎 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹 𝑠 𝑚

When an elastic spring is stretched by a force, the amount of the force required is proportional to
the stretch. Suppose that a body of mass m as shown in the figure above is hanging at the end of the
spring is pulled down a distance s below the equilibrium position. The spring exerts a restoring force on
the object, tending to pull it back toward its original position. This force is proportional to the displacement
s but opposite in direction to the displacement.
𝐹 = −𝑘𝑠
When the object is released, the restoring force produces an acceleration that is proportional to
F and inversely proportional to the displacement but opposite in direction.
𝐹 𝑘𝑠
𝑎 = = − = −𝐾𝑠
𝑚 𝑚
The type of vibratory motion in which the acceleration is proportional to the displacement and
always directed toward the equilibrium position is called the simple harmonic motion.
Amplitude, Period, and Frequency

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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

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The amplitude (𝑨) is the maximum displacement a body have on either side of its equilibrium position.

The period (𝒕) of the vibration is the time between to successive passages going in the same direction
through a point in the path of the body in simple harmonic motion.

The frequency (𝑓) is the total number of vibrations completed per unit time.

1 𝑣𝑖𝑏
𝑓= 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑜𝑟 𝐻𝑧)
𝑡 𝑠
1
𝑡 = 𝑖𝑛 (𝑠)
𝑓

Characteristics of SHM and the Circle of Reference

𝑣 𝑣𝑡 𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝑨
𝒂𝒄 =
𝑃′ 𝑃 𝒕𝟐
𝑠
𝜔 𝑎 = −𝑎𝑐 sin 𝜃 = −𝑎𝑐 ቀ ቁ
𝑎 𝑎𝑐 𝐴
𝑠 = 𝐴 sin 𝜃 𝐴 = 4𝜋 2 𝐴 𝑠
𝑠
𝑎= 2 ቀ ቁ
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡 𝑡 𝐴
𝑂 𝟐
𝟒𝝅 𝒔
𝒂= 𝟐
𝒕
𝒂 = −𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝒔
𝐴
= 𝒔
𝒕 = 𝟐𝛑ට−
𝒂
𝒎
𝒕 = 𝟐𝝅ට
𝑲

Units
MKS CGS English
m kg g slug
K N/m dyne/cm lb/ft
t s s s

Example Problem

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 PHY 032: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

1. A 50-g body is attached to a spring with a spring constant 𝐾 = 1500 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑚. It is displaced
12 cm from equilibrium position and released. Determine the period of vibration, the maximum
acceleration, and the acceleration of the body when it is 4 cm from the equilibrium position.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑚 = 50 𝑔 𝑚 50
𝐾 = 1500 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 2𝜋ට = 2𝜋ඨ = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓 𝒔
𝐾 1500
𝐴 = 12 𝑐𝑚
𝑠 = 4 𝑐𝑚 4𝜋 2 𝐴 4𝜋 2 (12)
𝑎𝑐 = = = 𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟐𝟐 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝑡2 (1.15)2
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑: 𝑡, 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑎
4𝜋 2 𝑠 4𝜋 2 (4)
𝑎= = = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝑡2 (1.15)2

Acceleration and Speed in SHM

𝑣 𝑣𝑡 2𝜋𝐴
𝑣𝑡 = = 2𝜋𝑓𝐴
𝑡
𝑃′ 𝑃
𝜔 2𝜋𝐴 ξ𝐴2 − 𝑠 2
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑡 cos 𝜃 = ቆ ቇ
𝑎 𝐴 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 𝐴
𝑠 = 𝐴 sin 𝜃 =
𝑠 𝟐𝝅
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡 𝒗= ቀ ඥ 𝑨𝟐 − 𝒔 𝟐 ቁ
𝒕
𝑂 ඥ𝐴 2 − 𝑠 2 ω = 2𝜋𝑓
θ = ωt = 2𝜋𝑓𝑡
𝐴 𝒔 = 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒕
=
𝒂 = −𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝒔 = −𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒕
𝒗 = 𝒗𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒕

Example Problem
2. A body vibrates in simple harmonic motion with a period of 6 s and an amplitude of 8 cm.
Determine the maximum velocity, and the velocity when it is 4 cm away from the equilibrium
position.

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑡 =6𝑠 2𝜋𝐴 2𝜋(8)
𝑣𝑡 = = = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟖 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝐴 = 8 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 6
𝑠 = 4 𝑐𝑚 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑣= ቀඥ𝐴2 − 𝑠 2 ቁ = ඥ(8)2 − (4)2 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟔 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑: 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑣 𝑡 6

3. A 5-N ball is fastened to the end of a spring as shown in the figure. A force of 2 N is sufficient
to pull the ball 6 cm to one side. Determine the force constant and the period of vibration.

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Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

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Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑊 =5𝑁 𝐹 2
𝐾= = = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝑵/𝒎
𝑠 0.06
𝑊 5
𝐹 =2𝑁 𝑚= = = 0.51 𝑘𝑔
𝑔 9.81
𝑚 0.51
𝑡 = 2𝜋ට = 2𝜋ඨ = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝒔
𝐾 33.33

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑: 𝐾, 𝑡

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
Exercise Problems
Solve the following problems.
1. A body of mass 80-g is attached to the end of a helical spring with a spring constant of
4500 dynes/cm, and is made to vibrate with an amplitude of 16 cm. Calculate the period
of vibration, the maximum velocity of the body, and the velocity of the body when it is 10
cm from the equilibrium position.
2. The elastic constant of a helical spring is 9 N/m. A 1-kg body is attached from the spring
and is made to move with simple harmonic motion. Determine the period of vibration of
the body and the acceleration when the body is 40 cm from its equilibrium position if the
amplitude is 80 cm.
3. The period of oscillation of an object in an ideal spring-and-mass system is 0.50 s and the
amplitude is 5 cm. Determine the velocity of the body at the equilibrium point.
4. The position of a particle is given by the expression 𝑥 = 4 cos(3𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋), where x is in
meters and t is in seconds. Calculate the frequency, the period of the motion and the
amplitude of the motion.

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Complete column 3: (What I Learned) of the table in activity 1 based on the content notes from activity
2. Use your own words. Never copy any terms used in the content notes. Preferably, complete the table
without looking at the concept notes.
4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)
Student Engagement (SE) Effective Questioning

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 PHY 032: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

You attach an object to the bottom end of

a hanging vertical spring. It hangs at rest after
extending the spring 18.3 cm. You then set
the object vibrating. Do you have enough
information to find its period? Explain your
answer and state whatever you can about its
period.

5) Activity 6: Assessment for Student Learning

Classroom Assessment Technique (CAT) 3-2-1

Three things you learned:

1.
2.
3.
Two things that you would like to learn more about:
1.
2.
One question you still have:
1.

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

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 PHY 032: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
Module #11 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

FAQs
1. What conditions must be met to produce simple harmonic motion?
With no drag forces or friction, the restoring force must be proportional to the displacement and act
opposite to the direction of motion. The frequency of oscillation does not depend on the amplitude.

2. What force produces simple harmonic motion?

A restorative force governs simple harmonic motion. The spring force is responsible for oscillation in a
spring-mass system, such as a block attached to a spring.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Solution to Exercises

1. Given: Solve for 𝑣,

𝑚 = 80 𝑔 2𝜋
𝑣= ඥ𝐴2 − 𝑥 2
𝑘 = 4500 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑚 𝑡
𝑠 = 16 𝑐𝑚 2𝜋
𝑣= ඥ(16)2 − 0 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟖 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
Find: 𝑡, 𝑣, 𝑣 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠 = 0.84
10 𝑐𝑚
Solution: Solve for 𝑣 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 10 𝑐𝑚,
2𝜋
Solve for 𝑡, 𝑣= ඥ𝐴2 − 𝑥 2
𝑡
𝑚 80 2𝜋
𝑡 = 2𝜋ට = 2𝜋ඨ = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝒔 𝑣= ඥ(16)2 − (10)2 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟒𝟐 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝑘 4500 0.84

2. Given:
𝑘 = 9 𝑁/𝑚 𝑥 = 40 𝑐𝑚
𝑚 = 1 𝑘𝑔 𝐴 = 80 𝑐𝑚
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Find: 𝑡, 𝑎,
Solution:
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3. Given:
2𝜋
𝑡 = 0.50 𝑠 𝑣= ඥ(5)2 − 0 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
0.50
𝐴 = 5 𝑐𝑚
Find: 𝑣,
Solution:
2𝜋
𝑣= ඥ𝐴2 − 𝑥 2
𝑡

4. Given:

𝑥 = 4 cos(3𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋) Solve for 𝑓, Solve for 𝐴,

𝑥 = 4 cos(3𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋) 𝐴=𝟒𝒎
Find: 𝑓, 𝑡, 𝐴
𝜔 = 3𝜋
Solution: 2𝜋𝑓 = 3𝜋
3𝜋 3
𝑥 = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙) 𝑓= = = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑯𝒛
2𝜋 2
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 Solve for 𝑡,

1
𝑓=
𝑡
1 1
𝑡= = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒔
𝑓 1.5

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