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Mechanical Vibrations Worksheet2

The document consists of a worksheet and review questions related to mechanical vibrations, covering topics such as magnification factor, resonance in undamped systems, force transmission in machines, and the effects of damping. It includes practical problems involving equations of motion, natural frequencies, and the design considerations for various mechanical systems. Additionally, it addresses the importance of vibration measurement and the principles behind seismometers and accelerometers.

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nebyat
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63 views3 pages

Mechanical Vibrations Worksheet2

The document consists of a worksheet and review questions related to mechanical vibrations, covering topics such as magnification factor, resonance in undamped systems, force transmission in machines, and the effects of damping. It includes practical problems involving equations of motion, natural frequencies, and the design considerations for various mechanical systems. Additionally, it addresses the importance of vibration measurement and the principles behind seismometers and accelerometers.

Uploaded by

nebyat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical Vibrations Worksheet-2 and Review Questions

1. Define the term magnification factor. How is the magnification factor related to the
frequency ratio?
2. What happens to the response of an undamped system at resonance?
3. Give a physical explanation of why the magnification factor is nearly equal to 1 for small
values of r and is small for large values of r.
4. How does the force transmit to the base change as the speed of the machine increases?
5. Will the force transmitted to the base of a spring-mounted machine decrease with the
addition of damping?
6. If a vehicle vibrates badly while moving on a uniformly bumpy road, will a change in the
speed improve the condition?
7. Will the force transmitted to the base of a spring-mounted machine decrease with the
addition of damping?
8. A uniform bar of mass m is pivoted at point O and supported at the ends by two springs, as
shown below. End P of spring PQ is subjected to a sinusoidal displacement, x(t)=xo sin ωt.
a. Derive the equation of motion of the system and identify the equivalent parameters:
Jeq , Cteq , Kteq and Mo (the equivalent applied external moment)
b. Determine the natural frequency of the system.
c. Find the steady-state angular displacement of the bar.

Given Values: l=1m, k=1000N/m, c=500 N-s/m, m=10 kg, xo =1cm, and ω=10 rad/s.

θ(t)+ve

9. A 100-kg electric motor has a rotating unbalance of 0.1kg, 0.1m from the center of rotation.
The motor is to be mounted on a fixed-fixed steel (E=210 X 109 N/m2 ) beam (
3EI (a + b)3
k= ) as shown. The operating range of the motor is from 500 to 1200 rpm.
( ab)3

1
a. For what values of I, the beam’s cross-sectional moment of inertia, will the steady-
state amplitude of vibration be less than 1 mm?
b. Clearly describe the design and cost limitations of the selection of I.
Assume the damping ratio,  is 0.1.

10. A precision grinding machine is supported on an isolator that has an equivalent stiffness of
1 MN/m and viscous damping constant of 1 KN-s/m. The floor on which the machine is
mounted is subjected to a harmonic disturbance due to the operation of an unbalanced
engine near the grinding machine.
a. Define the equation of motion and determine the response.
b. Find the maximum acceptable displacement amplitude of the floor if the resulting
amplitude of vibration of the grinding wheel is to be restricted to 10 -6 m.
Assume that the grinding machine and the wheel are a rigid body of weight 450 kg.

11. An internal combustion engine has a rotating unbalance of 1kg-m and operates between 800
rpm and 2000rpm.
a. Determine the two forces transmitted to the floor when the engine is attached
directly to the floor.
b. Find the stiffness of the isolator that is necessary to reduce the force transmitted to
the floor to 6000 N over the operating speed range of the engine.

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12. Assume that the damping ratio of the isolator is 0.08, and the mass of the engine is 200kg.
13. A 150 kg electric motor has a rotating unbalance of 0.5kg, 0.2m from the center of rotation.
The motor is to be mounted at the end of a steel (E = 210 x 109 N/m2) cantilever beam of
length 1m. The operating range of the motor is from 500 to 1200 rpm. For what values of I,
the beam's cross-sectional moment of inertia, will the steady state amplitude of vibration be
less than 1mm? Assume the damping ration is 0.1.
14. What is the importance of vibration measurement?
15. What is a seismic instrument?
16. What is an accelerometer?
17. What is the disadvantage of seismometers over accelerometers?
18. Why do we investigate and study the vibration of systems?
19. Explain the working principle of seismometers and accelerometers?
20. A seismometer has a natural frequency of 20 Hz and a damping ration of 0.6. What is the
lowest frequency response that the seismometer can measure with an error of less than 3%?
21. Use of an accelerometer of natural frequency 100Hz and a damping ratio of 0.15 reveals that
a system vibrates at a frequency of 20Hz and has an acceleration amplitude of 14.3 m/s2 .
a. What is the relation between the measured and actual acceleration?
b. What is the error in the measurement?
c. What is the actual acceleration amplitude?
d. What is the actual displacement amplitude?
22. What is whirling of shaft?
23. Why do we study the whirling of shafts and how can we minimize it?
24. A disc of mass 4 kg is mounted mid-way between bearings, which may be assumed to be
simple supports. The bearing span is 0.48 m. The steel shaft which is horizontal is 0.09 m in
diameter. The center of gravity of the disc is displaced 3 mm from the geometric center. The
equivalent viscous damping at the center of the disc-shaft is 49 N.s/m. If the shaft rotates at
760 rpm, find the maximum stress in the shaft and compare it with the dead load stress in the
shaft. Also find the power required to drive the shaft at this speed.
25. A horizontal shaft 15 mm diameter and 1 m long is held on simply supported bearings. The
mass of the disc at the mid span 15 kg and eccentricity is 0.3 mm. The young's modulus of the
shaft material is 200 GPa. Find the critical speed of shaft.

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