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1 Charcter of Living Organisms. M 1.1 To 1.4 - 2 1 2

The document outlines the characteristics of living organisms, including nutrition, respiration, excretion, and growth. It describes the common features of eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists, as well as prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. Additionally, it explains pathogens, their types, and examples of diseases caused by different organisms.

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11 views8 pages

1 Charcter of Living Organisms. M 1.1 To 1.4 - 2 1 2

The document outlines the characteristics of living organisms, including nutrition, respiration, excretion, and growth. It describes the common features of eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists, as well as prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. Additionally, it explains pathogens, their types, and examples of diseases caused by different organisms.

Uploaded by

Venu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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S/1B/2B 1.

1: Understand that living Organisms share the following


Characteristics:

CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION

REQUIR NUTRITION Plant synthesis their own food animal feed on other organisms.
RESPIRATION The chemical reactions that breaks down of Glucose molecules in living
cells to release energy.

EXCRETION The removal of toxic materials and the waste products of metabolism
from organisms.

RESPONDING TO Sensitive to change in their surrounding.


SURROUNDING

MOVEMENT An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of


position or place. In animal by the action of muscle and slow growth
movement in plants.

CONTROL INTERNAL Maintain steady state inside the body


CONDITION

GROWTH AND Increasing size and complexity using materials from their
DEVELOPMENT food.

Reference:
S/1B/2B 1.2: Describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms:
Plants, animals, fungi and protoctists

∑ Eukaryotes are organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and


organelles inside their cells.
∑ They can be unicellular (only one cell) or multicellular (more than one cell).

GROUPS OF ORGANISMS

PLANTS

∑ Multicellular
∑ Cells contain:Nucleus,mitochondria,cellmemrane,chloroplasts,ribosome,cytoplasm,
and a large, central cell vacuole.
∑ Cell not contain:Centriole.
∑ Cell wall made-up of cellulose.
∑ Mode of nutrition by photosynthesis.
∑ Food store: store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.
∑ Eg: herbaceous legumes (peas), cereals (wheat).

s
ANIMALS

∑ Multicellular.
∑ Cells contain: Nucleus, mitochondria, cellmemrane, ribosome, and
cytoplasm.
∑ Cell not contain: cell walls, chloroplasts and vacuole.
∑ Mode of nutrition Feed on organic substances made by other living
organism (Heterotrophic).
∑ Food store: Store carbohydrates as glycogen.
∑ Eg: humans (mammals), butterflies (insects).
FUNGI

∑ Most are multicellular with a mycelium of thread-like structures called hyphae


which have many nuclei but some are single-celled (eg yeast is single celled)
∑ Cells contain: Nuclei mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm, and a
vacuole.
∑ Cell not contain: Chloroplast.
∑ Cell wall made from chitin
∑ Mode of nutrition Feed by saprotrophic (on dead or decaying material) or
parasitic (on live material) nutrition by secreting extracellular enzymes onto the food
∑ Food store May store carbohydrates as glycogen
∑ E.g. moulds, mushrooms, yeast
PROTOCTISTS

∑ Most are unicellular


∑ All have a nucleus; some may have cell walls and chloroplasts, meaning some
protoctists photosynthesize like plants and some feed on organic substances made
by other living things like animals
∑ E.g. Amoeba (like an animal), Chlorella (like a plant)

S/1B/2B 1.3 Describe the common features shown by Prokaryotic organisms such
as bacteria.

Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound


organelles inside their cells.
Bacteria.

Unicellular and microscopic.

Cell contain: Ribosome,cytoplasm,cell membrane and plasmid.

Cell not contain: Nucleus, Mitochondria and chloroplast.

Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan.

Mode of nutrition: Some can carry out photosynthesis but they mainly feed off
other organisms, either dead or alive.

E.g. bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus (rod-shaped bacterium used in yoghurt


production), Pneumococcus (spherical bacterium that causes pneumonia).

S/1B/2B Specification Point 1.4


∑ Understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include Fungi,
Bacteria, Protoctists or Viruses

∑ An organism that causes disease are known as pathogen.


∑ Fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses can all be pathogens

Group of organism. Disease Disease causing organism


Fungi. Athlete’s foot. Tinea.
Protoctists. Malaria. Plasmodium.
Bacteria. Pneumonia. Pneumococcus..
Viruses. COVID-19. Corona virus.

AIDS. HIV.
VIRUSES

∑ Much smaller than bacteria


∑ They are not made from cells and are not considered living organisms as they
do not carry out all the life processes
∑ Parasitic – reproduce inside host cells by hijacking the cell’s mechanisms to make
multiple copies and then bursts out of the cell to spread throughout the host
∑ Able to infect every type of living cell
∑ The envelope is used to gain entry into host cells
∑ The capsid is a protein coat used to protect the genetic information
∑ The DNA or RNA contains the code for building new viruses
∑ E.g. Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Influenza virus

Reference
Character PLANTS ANIMAL FUNGI PROTISTA BACTERIA VIRUS

Single cell None. None. Some. All. All. None.


(yeast)
Multicellular All. All. Some. None. None. None
(Mushroom)
Mitochondria All All All All None None

Chloroplast All None None Some. None None


(Chlorella)
Ribosome All All All All All None

Cytoplasm All All All All All None

Cell All All All All All None


membrane

Nucleus All All All All None None

Photosynthetic All None None Some. Some. None


(Chlorella) (cyanobacteria)
Food store as All None None Some. Some. None
starch (Chlorella)
Food store None All All Some. Some. None
as glycogen (Amoeba)
Cell wall All None All Some. All None
(Cellulose (Chitin) (Chlorella- (Peptidoglycon)
Cellulose)

Pathogenic None None Some. Some. Some. All


(Tinea) (Plasmodium). (Pneumococcus.). (HIV)

Disease None None Athlete’s Malaria. Pneumonia. AIDS.


foot.

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