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The Charter Act of 1833 marked a significant shift in British governance in India by establishing the Governor-General of India with supreme authority over all British territories and legislative powers. It transformed the East India Company into an administrative body and aimed to introduce competitive selection for civil servants, although this was ultimately opposed. The Charter Act of 1853 was the final act in a series that shaped British constitutional authority in India.

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The Charter Act of 1833 marked a significant shift in British governance in India by establishing the Governor-General of India with supreme authority over all British territories and legislative powers. It transformed the East India Company into an administrative body and aimed to introduce competitive selection for civil servants, although this was ultimately opposed. The Charter Act of 1853 was the final act in a series that shaped British constitutional authority in India.

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Thus, the act was significant for two reasons: first, the Company’s

Territories in India were for the first time called the ‘British possessions in

India’; and second, the British Government was given the supreme control

Over Company’s affairs and its administration in India.

Charter Act of 1833

This Act was the final step towards centralisation in British India.

Features of the Act

1. It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of


India

And vested in him all civil and military powers. Thus, the act created, for

The first time, a Government of India having authority over the entire

Territorial area possessed by the British in India. Lord William Bentick

Was the first governor-general of India.

2. It deprived the governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative


Powers. The Governor-General of India was given exclusive legislative

Powers for the entire British India. The laws made under the previous acts

Were called as Regulations while laws made under this act were called as

Acts.

3. It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial


body,

Which became a purely administrative body. It provided that the

Company’s territories in India were held by it ‘in trust for His Majesty,

His heirs and successors’.

4. The Charter Act of 1833 attempted to introduce a system of open

Competition for selection of civil servants, and stated that the Indians

Should not be debarred from holding any place, office and employment

Under the Company. However, this provision was negated after

Opposition from the Court of Directors.


Charter Act of 1853

This was the last of the series of Charter Acts passed by the British

Parliament between 1793 and 1853. It was a significant constitutional

Landmark.

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