KCSE ELUCIDATED PHYSICS BY OSOrO jULES 1

KCSE ELUCIDATED PHYSICS FOrM THrEE

ExTrACT OF LInEAr MOTIOn

1.The tape in the figure below was produced by a ticker timer with a frequency of 50Hz. Find the
acceleration of the trolley that was pulling the tape.

Time between consecutive dots(also known as a tick) Elucidated

1 1
T= == = 0.02 s (time for a tick)
𝑓 50

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
The Initial average velocity, u = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Total time
0.5
= 0.02
= 25 cm/s or 0.25 m/s 25cm/s 125cm/s

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Initial average velocityis attained at the midist of
The final average velocity, v = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 the first two dots/marks likewise final average
velocity is attained at the midist of the last two
2.5
= 0.02 = 125 cm/s or 1.25 m/s dots/marks. Therefore in determination of the total
time(total ticks) we consider half of the first and
𝑣−𝑢
Acceleration, a = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
last spaces of three consecutive dots

125−25 100 0.02 0.02

= = Total time/ticks = + 0.02 + 0.02 + 0.02 +
0.02×4 0.08 2 2

= 1250 cm/s2 0r 12.50 m/s2 = 0.02 ×4 = 0.08 s

2. The tape below was obtained from an experiment using a ticker timer of frequency 50Hz.
Calculate the distance, d if the deceleration of the trolley that was pulling the tape is m/s2

70cm d

Time between consecutive dots (also known as a tick)

1 1 𝑣−𝑢
T = 𝑓 = = 50 = 0.02 s (time for a tick) Acceleration, a = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑑
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 −35
velocity = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
-312.5 = 0.02
0.02×4
=
0.70 𝑑
u = 0.02 = 35 m/s −312.5 × 0.08 = 0.02
− 35
𝑑
v = 0.02 m/s d = 0.2 m or 20cm

-
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3. The figure below shows a tape chart from the paper tape obtained moving trolley of
frequency of ticker timer 50 Hz. Calculate the acceleration of the trolley

Time between consecutive dots(also known as a tick) Elucidated

1 1
T= == = 0.02 s (time for a tick) The first and last bars/tapes are considered in finding the
𝑓 50
initial and final velocities respectively;
Time for each tape/bar

0.02 ×5 = 0.1 s v
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 0.1s
The Initial average velocity, u = 0.1s
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
u 0.1s 𝟏
2 × 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒔
= = 20 cm/s 𝟐
0.1 𝟏
× 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒔
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝟐
The final average velocity, v =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

10 Each tape or bar has 5 spaces therefore time for each tape =
= = 100 cm/s
0.1
5 × 0.02 = 0.1s
𝑣−𝑢
Acceleration, a =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 To find the total time for the five tapes we consider the time for
half of the first and last tapes since initial and final average
velocities are attained at the midist(half way) of the two tapes as
100−20
= = 200 cm/s2 shown above by the two arrows.
0.1×4

Note:

calculating of the total Alternatively (Total bars minus one) ×0.1 (time for each bar

0.05 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.05 = 0.4 s 0.1 × (5-1) = 0.4 s

 KCSE ELUCIDATED PHYSICS BY OSOrO jULES 3

4. The ticker timer chart below is for a trolley moving up an inclined plane. Each of the strip of
the tape has 10 ticks interval, and the ticker timer is connected to an A.C power supply and
running at 50 Hz

a) Describe the motion of the trolley a) uniform deceleration/ retardation

b) (i) What is the time taken for 1 tick ? b) (i) 0.02 s

(ii) Why must the ticker timer connected to A.C supply? (ii) A.C oscillates or reverses many
times in a second hence making dots
c) (i) Determine the acceleration of the trolley
c) (i) - 50 cm/s2 (Deceleration)
(ii) Calculate the average velocity of the trolley
(ii) 80 cm/s

5. A ball is thrown upwards with a velocity of 10m/s. It reaches maximum height and falls to the
ground. It rebounds instantaneously to a half of its original height before falling to the ground
again. Draw a velocity time graph for the motion.
At max height Elucidated

At max height, v=0 as shown by an arrow

Upward velocity = - Downward velocity

The vertical dotted line represents the instant

change of direction of the ball
0
Due to the loss of energy(sound produced when
it hits the ground) of the ball that’s why it
bounced half of its initial height
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