CSC291 - Software Engineering Concepts

Lecture 1

Introduction
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Course Objectives

• This course introduces the different software process

models by illustrating its phases and principles of software
engineering.
• Topics include:
• Overview of Software Engineering;
• Software Process Models;
• Requirement Engineering Concepts;
• Software Design;
• Design Modeling;
• Software Quality Engineering;
• Software Project Management;
• Software Maintenance and Software Evolution.
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Text Books

• Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach

by Roger S. Pressman (Latest Edition)

• Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville (Latest

Edition)
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Course Website

• Visit the following link:

https://sites.google.com/cuilahore.edu.pk/sec/home
❑Course Handbook
❑Deadlines & Important Information
❑Course Material (Lecture Notes and reference material)
❑Assignments
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Course Assessment/Grading
Quizzes (Min 4) → 15 %
Assignments (Min 4) → 10%
Mid Exam → 25%
Final EXAMS → 50%
Important Guidelines:
• No credit for copied or late submissions or handwritten
Assignments.
• No relaxation for students found cheating in any quiz or
exam.
• At least 80% attendance is mandatory.
• To get good grade you must attend all lectures and perform
good in all course assessments.
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Rules
• Mobile phones – Silent or switch off
• Arrive on time in class
• If you do not understand a point, raise your hand
and ask me to explain or contact during office
hours
• No disturbance!!!! No Misconduct!!!!
• REMEMBER: Your first priority must be your
studies
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What is Software?

• Software is a set of items or objects that form a

“configuration” that includes
➢programs
➢documents
➢data ...
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What is Software?
We can define it as:
• Program (Computer Programs) that when executed
provide
• Desired features
• Functions and
• Performance.
• The data on which the program operates is also
considered as a part of the software.
• Documents that describe the use of the Programs.
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What is Software?
• Software is engineered

• Software doesn’t wear out

• Software is complex
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Role of Software
A person might be involved with software more than 100 times, often
without even realizing that.

We might use a computer

• To check email or weather
• Kitchen appliances
• Traffic signals are now computer controlled
• Mostly we use credit cards in a computerized gasoline pumps.
• Our bank system is highly computerized
• Use of telephones, fax, e-mail or internet, all of these requires Software
• Hotel arrangements will be handled by computers and software
• Airplane & Air traffic control is highly computerized
• Medical Instruments and diagnostic procedures are now computerized
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What is the difference between Software

and hardware?
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Attributes of Good Software

• Should deliver the required functionality and performance to
the user.
• It is reliable
• It has good user-interface
• Should be maintainable and reusable
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Categories of Computer Software

• System Software
• Application Software
• Engineering/Scientific Software
• Embedded Software
• Web Applications
• Computer Programming tools
• Artificial Intelligence Software
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Software--- New Categories

• Ubiquitous computing—wireless networks
• Net sourcing—the Web as a computing engine
• Open source—”free” source code open to the computing
community (a blessing, but also a potential curse!)
• Also … (see Chapter 32)
• Data mining
• Grid computing
• Cognitive machines
• Software for nanotechnologies
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Software Products
Generic products
• Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to any
customer who wishes to buy them.
• Examples – PC software such as editing, graphics
programs, project management tools, databases and
drawing packages.

Customized products
• Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to
meet their own needs.
• Examples–systems written to support a particular business
process and air traffic control software.
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Software Crises

• In the early 60s, software suffered from a problem, which we

call the Software Crisis

• The techniques that were used to develop small software were

not applicable for large software systems.

• In most of the cases the software that was built using the old
tools and techniques was not complete.
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Software Crises
• Most of the time it was delivered too late.
• Most of the projects were over-budgeted.
• And, in most of the cases, systems built using these techniques
were not reliable.
• A conference was held in 1960 in which the term
“software crisis” was introduced
Conclusion:
• Software engineering is the result of the software crisis when
people realized that it was not possible to construct complex
software using the techniques applicable in 1960s.
• An important result of this was that people realized that just
coding was not enough; we also need to apply engineering
principles.
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What is Engineering?

• The process of productive use of scientific knowledge is

called Engineering.

• The process of utilizing knowledge and principles to

design, build, and analyze objects.
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Software Engineering

The science concerned with putting computer science

knowledge to practical use.
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Software Engineering - IEEE

The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable

approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of software; that is, the application of
engineering to software.
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Computer Science vs. Software Engineering

Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals;

software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of
developing and delivering useful software.

System engineering vs. Software Engineering

System engineering is concerned with all aspects of
computer-based systems development including hardware,
software and process engineering. Software engineering is
part of this.
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Legacy Software
• Why must it change?
• software must be adapted to meet the needs of new
computing environments or technology.
• software must be enhanced to implement new
business requirements.
• software must be extended to make it interoperable
with other more modern systems or databases.
• software must be re-architected to make it viable
within a network environment.
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Software Costs

• Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The

costs of software on a PC are often greater than the hardware
cost.

• Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop. For

systems with a long life, maintenance costs may be several
times development costs.

• Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software

development.
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What are the costs of software engineering?

• Roughly 60% of costs are development costs, 40% are testing

costs. For custom software, evolution costs often exceed
development costs.

• Costs vary depending on the type of system being developed

and the requirements of system attributes such as performance
and system reliability.

• Distribution of costs depends on the development model that is

used.
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Projects
• Library Management System
• Automated banking system
• Airline reservation system
• Employee management application
• Hospital management Application
• Hotel Management System
• Campus Management System
• Store Management System (Any kind of your choice)
• School Management System
• Any Other of your choice
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Conclusion
➢We have discussed Rules and regulations of this course

➢Course handbook

➢Basic concepts of Software Engineering

➢Software and products

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Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Software and Software Engineering
by “Software Engineering- A Practitioner's Approach”
(Book and Lecture Slides are already uploaded on
resource link.)

Resource Link:
https://sites.google.com/cuilahore.edu.pk/sec