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FORCE

The document discusses various types of forces, including muscular, gravitational, and frictional forces, and explains simple machines such as levers, pulleys, wheels and axles, and screws. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different forms of energy, emphasizing the law of conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Additionally, it includes activities for practical understanding, such as creating a right-angled triangle to demonstrate a screw and making a PowerPoint presentation on the topic of force and energy.

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parikhsnesha
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2 views

FORCE

The document discusses various types of forces, including muscular, gravitational, and frictional forces, and explains simple machines such as levers, pulleys, wheels and axles, and screws. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different forms of energy, emphasizing the law of conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Additionally, it includes activities for practical understanding, such as creating a right-angled triangle to demonstrate a screw and making a PowerPoint presentation on the topic of force and energy.

Uploaded by

parikhsnesha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORCE , WORK AND ENERGY

Force

Types of forces
 Muscular Force
 Gravitational Force
 Frictional Force
 Elastic Force
 Mechanical Force
 Buoyant Force

SIMPLE MACHINES

A simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or


magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist.
A device that is not powered that is used to multiply or change the
direction of a force.
LEVER

A lever is a simple machine made of a rigid beam and a fulcrum.


The effort (input force) and load (output force) are applied to
either end of the beam. The fulcrum is the point on which the
beam pivots. When an effort is applied to one end of the lever, a
load is applied at the other end of the lever. This will move a mass
upward. Levers rely on torque for their operation. Torque is the
amount of force required to cause an object to rotate around
its axis.
In a first class lever, the fulcrum is located between the load and
the effort.If the fulcrum is closer to the load, then less effort is
needed to move the load a shorter distance. If the fulcrum is closer
to the effort, then more effort is needed to move the load a greater
distance.
In a second class lever, the load is located between the effort and
the fulcrum.If the load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort, then
less effort will be required to move the load. If the load is closer to
the effort than the fulcrum, then more effort will be required to
move the load.
In a third class lever, the effort is located between the load and
the fulcrum. If the fulcrum is closer to the load, then less effort is
needed to move the load. If the fulcrum is closer to the effort, then
the load will move a greater distance.
PULLEY

A pulley is a wheel that carries a flexible rope, cord, cable,


chain, or belt on its rim. Pulleys are used singly or in
combination to transmit energy and motion. Pulleys with
grooved rims are called sheaves. In belt drive, pulleys are
affixed to shafts at their axes, and power is transmitted
between the shafts by means of endless belts running over
the pulleys.

WHEEL AND AXLE

This simple machine involves two circular objects — a larger disc and
a smaller cylinder both joined at the center. The larger disc is called
the wheel. The smaller cylindrical object or rod is referred to as the
axle. Sometimes, there may be two wheels attached to both ends of
the axle. A wheel alone or an axle alone is not a simple machine.
They need to be joined to be called a simple machine.

SCREW

A screw is simply an inclined plane around a cylinder. To describe


this better, you can view it as a cylinder with a head (solid top) at one
end and a pointed tip (like a nail) at the other end. More importantly,
it has ridges winding around it. The correct term for the ridges (or
grooves) around the shaft or cylinder is the thread.
ACTIVITY 1 -Take a sheet of paper. Cut out a right-angled
triangle, colour the edge opposite to the right angle.That will
be the longest side. Wrap the edge around a pencil. The
coloured inclined edge forms the edges around the screw.
This proves that a screw is an inclined plane.

ENERGY
Energy is defined as the “ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a
force causing displacement of an object.” Despite this confusing definition,
its meaning is very simple: energy is just the force that causes things to move.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY

 MECHANICAL ENERGY

 SOLAR ENERGY

 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

 WIND ENERGY

 HYDROPOWER [WATER ENERGY]

 HEAT ENERGY

 LIGHT ENERGY

 SOUND ENERGY

 ELECTRICAL ENERGY

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy just changes from one
form to another. The total energy of an object never decreases or increases.

ACTIVITY 2 - Make a powerpoint presentation on the lesson


FORCE AND ENERGY.

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