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SIGHT-DISTANCE

The document outlines the concepts of sight distance in roadway design, specifically stopping sight distance and passing sight distance. It details the components of stopping sight distance, including perception-reaction time and braking distance, and provides formulas for calculating these distances based on vehicle speed and road conditions. Additionally, it includes design specifications for parabolic curves and exercises for calculating various parameters related to roadway grades and sight distances.

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desireecamante123
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2 views

SIGHT-DISTANCE

The document outlines the concepts of sight distance in roadway design, specifically stopping sight distance and passing sight distance. It details the components of stopping sight distance, including perception-reaction time and braking distance, and provides formulas for calculating these distances based on vehicle speed and road conditions. Additionally, it includes design specifications for parabolic curves and exercises for calculating various parameters related to roadway grades and sight distances.

Uploaded by

desireecamante123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGHT DISTANCE

Sight distance = is the length of roadway ahead visible to the


driver. For purpose of design and operation it is termed
stopping sight distance and passing sight distance.

1.Stopping Sight Distance is the total distance traveled during


three time intervals.

a. The time for the driver to perceive the hazard.


b.The time to react
c. The time to stop the vehicle after the brakes are applied.

Based on the National Safety Council, average driver reaction


time is 3/4 seconds.
S = Vt+ D
A car moving at a certain velocity V after seeing an object ahead of him, will still travel a
distance Vt before he starts applying the brakes. The braking distance depends upon the
speed and type of pavements, in this case we have to consider the coefficient of friction (f)
between the tires and the pavement. The time t (sec) is called the perception-reaction
time as is approximately 3/4 of a seconds.
Safe Stopping Distance

1. Distance traversed during perception plus brake reaction


time.

d = Vt
V = running speed in kph
t = reaction time
t = perception time + action time
t= 1.5 + 1.0
t = 2.5 sec.
d = distance traversed during perception time plus brake
reaction time in meters
d = Vt
2. Distance required for stopping after brakes are applied (braking distance)

S = stopping distance in meters


t = perception-reaction time in seconds
V = velocity of vehicle in meters persecond
f = coefficient of friction between tires and
pavement
g = 9.81 meters/sec^2
2. Passing Sight Distance
Passing Sight Distance is a shortest distance sufficient for a vehicle to turn out of a
traffic lane, pass another vehicle, and then turn back to the same lane safely and
comfortably without interfering with the overtaken vehicle or an on incoming vehicle
traveling at the design speed should it come into view after the passing maneuver is
started.
Stopping Sight Distance:
(Summit Parabolic Curve)
h1= 3.75 ft. (height of drivers eye above the
pavement)
h1= 1.14 m.
h2= 6 inches (height of object above pavement)
h2=0.15m.
Using the previous relation of parabolic
curves.
Where
S = length of passing sight distance
L = Length of curve
h1= height of driver’s eye
h2 = height of object
C = vertical clearance from the lowest
point of underpass to the curve.
A 5% grade intersects a - 3.4% grade
at station 1 + 990 of elevation 42.30
m. Design a ventical summit
parabolic curve connecting the two
tangent grades to conform with the
following safe stopping sight
distance specifications.
Design velocity = 60 kph
Height of driver's eye from the road
pavement = 1.37m.
Height of an object over the
pavement ahead= 100 mm.
Perception reaction time = 3/4 sec.
Coefficient of friction between the
road pavement and the tires = 0.15.
1. Determine the stopping sight
distance.
2. Determine the length of curve.
3. Determine the elevation of
highest point on curve.
The length of sag parabolic curve is 130 m with a design speed of 100 kph. The back tangent has a slope of 2.5%
1. Compute the slope of the forward tangent.
2. Compute the distance of the lowest point of the curve from the P.C.
3. Compute the length of the sight distance.
SEATWORK:

The design speed of a sag parabolic curve is 100 kph. The


downward tangent grade is- 2%. The length of curve is 126 m.

1. Compute the upward tangent grade of the parabolic sag


curve

2. Compute the length of sight distance

3. At what distance from the P.C. is the lowest point of the


curve.

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