DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

II SEMESTER B.TECH.
SUBJECT: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MIE 1071)
MID-TERM EXAMINATION
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
DATE: 21-03-2024 MAX MARKS: 30
TIME: 2.45 PM- 4.45 PM
Q.11 A steam boiler makes use of an economiser to increase the temperature of feed
water by 28°C. The feed water entering the economizer is found to be at a temperature of
28°C. The hourly steam generation rate of boiler is found to be 30kg and the steam
generated is 16% wet and at a pressure of 0.15 MPa. The steam coming out of boiler is
then passed through a pipeline where it loses 3000 kJ/h of heat before entering the super-
heater. Determine the condition of steam and its related parameter at the entry of super-
heater. The temperature of steam at the exit of super-heater is 310°C. Determine the total
amount of heat added per hour in the super-heater.
Solution:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑃 = 1.5 𝑏𝑎𝑟, ℎ𝑓 = 467.1 ; ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2226.3 ; ℎ𝑔 = 2693.4 ; 𝑥 = 0.84; 𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 700 𝑘𝑔; 𝑇𝑤 = 28°𝐶.
Solving on per kg basis:
Enthalpy of steam at boiler exit:
ℎ𝑄 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔

= 467.1 + (0.84 × 2226.3)

𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑄 = 2337.19 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑘𝑔
𝐻𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 3000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟
3000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 = = 100 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
30 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑅 = ℎ𝑄 − ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑅 = 2337.19 − 100 = 2237.19 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑅 < ℎ𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑅 > ℎ𝑓

∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

ℎ𝑅 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔

2237.19 = 467.1 + (𝑥 × 2226.3)

∴ 𝑥 = 0.795 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Enthalpy of steam at the exit of the superheater:
 ℎ𝑆 = ℎ𝑔 + 𝐶𝑝𝑔 (𝐷𝑂𝑆)

ℎ𝑆 = 2693.4 + 2.25 × (310 − 111.4)

𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑆 = 3140.25 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑘𝑔
Heat added in the superheater = ℎ𝑆 − ℎ𝑅
𝑘𝐽
= 3140.25 − 2237.19 = 903.06 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔
Heat added in the superheater = 𝐻𝑆 = 30 × 903.06 = 27091.8 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
ℎ

Q.12 The following operating parameters are set by a customer to a belt manufacturing
company for one of their machine, the spindle of which should rotate in a direction
opposite to that of the motor: Speed of driver pulley= 1600 rpm, Small pulley
diameter=30 cm, Speed reduction ratio=4, centre distance=1m, μ=0.28, Permissible
tension per meter width of belt=10kN. What will be the length of belt and power
transmitted if the belt width is 150 mm.
Solution:
From the problem statement it can be concluded that the drive system given is a cross-
belt drive.
(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
Length of belt, L = π(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) + + 2𝑋
𝑋
N2 d1 1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚, = =
N1 d2 4
∴ d2 = 4d1 = 4 × 300 = 1200𝑚𝑚 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
(0.15 + 0.6)2
L = π(0.15 + 0.6) + + 2 = 4.92 𝑚 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
1
𝑇1
𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 =
𝑇𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒/𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑇1
0.15 =
10 × 103
∴ 𝑇1 = 1500 𝑁 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑇1
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, = 𝑒 𝜇𝜃
𝑇2
𝜃 = 𝜋 + 2𝜑
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 0.15 + 0.16
𝜑 = sin−1 ( ) = sin−1 ( )
𝑋 1
𝜑 = 0.848 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
 𝜃 = 𝜋 + 2𝜑 = 4.837 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑇1
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 = 𝑒 0.28×4.837 = 3.874 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑇2
𝑇1 1500
= = 3.874
𝑇2 𝑇2
∴ 𝑇2 = 387.196 𝑁 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
m
𝑣 = 𝜋 × 𝑑1 × 𝑁1 = 1507.96
min
(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 )𝑣 (1500 − 387.196) × 1507.96
𝑃= =
60 × 1000 60 × 1000
𝑃 = 27.96 𝑘𝑊 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Q.13 A gear box for an automobile is to be designed which is to be powered by the motor
running at 2200 rpm. Following are the gears available. Design a compound gear train
using only five shafts, if it is required to operate the driven shaft at the least possible
speed and that the driver and driven shafts are to be parallel to each other. Sketch the
arrangement and list the criteria in building the gear train. Also compute the speed of the
driven shaft.
Gear Type Module (mm) No. of teeth
A Spur 2 35
B Spur 2 80
C Helical 2 75
D Helical 2 32
E Bevel 2 25
F Bevel 2 70
G Spur 3 94
H Spur 3 45
I Helical 3 110
J Helical 3 45
K Bevel 3 126
L Bevel 3 35

Solution:
5 shafts and 8 gears should be used.
𝑁𝐹 𝑇𝐷 𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝐽 𝑇𝐸
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, = × × ×
𝑁𝐴 𝑇𝐶 𝑇𝐾 𝑇𝐼 𝑇𝐹
 𝑁𝐻 32 35 45 25
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, = × × ×
𝑁𝐶 75 126 110 70

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟑 (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Machine spindle speed = 2200 x 0.0173
= 38.06 rpm (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Sketch with appropriate representation of bevel gears (𝟏 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Deduct 0.5 mark if bevel gears are not properly represented in the diagram.
Listing of design conditions (𝟏 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Q.14 The camshaft speed of an I.C. engine is found to be 1000 rpm. In this engine the
instantaneous combustion takes place when the piston is at TDC. Identify the type of the
I.C. engine and with the help of a neat sketch explain the working principle of the same.
Also, sketch the theoretical cycle on which this engine functions.

Answer:
Identification of the IC engine as 4 stroke Petrol Engine (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Sketching the theoretical Otto Cycle (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Sketch for all the four strokes (𝟎1 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Explanation for all the four strokes (01 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Note:
If the student identifies the given Engine as a 4-Stroke diesel engine and writes the
theoretical diesel cycle and also provides the explanation of the four-stroke petrol
engine then award 01 mark.

Q.15 Suggest suitable gears for the following applications and explain the same.
a) A gearbox of a machine which requires smooth and noise free shifting of gears
b) Driver and driven shafts are at an angle of 105°
c) A car steering system where the rotation of the steering wheel is used for turning the
wheels.
Answer:
a) Suggestion: Helical gears (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Explanation: (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

b) Suggestion: Bevel gears (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Explanation: (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

c) Suggestion: Rack and pinion (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Explanation: (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Q.16 For a group drive being designed, it is required to facilitate intermittent switching
OFF and ON of machines. Suggest a suitable type of pulley to meet the above requirement
and hence explain the working principle with a schematic.
Answer:
Suggestion: Fast and loose pulley (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

Sketch (𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)

• Deduct 0.5 mark if the sketch fails to depict a wider driving pulley
• Deduct 0.5 mark if the sketch shows too much gap between the fast and loose
pulleys.
Explanation (1 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Q.17 Give reasons for the following:
a) 2 stroke engines require smaller flywheel compared to 4 stroke engines
b) 2 stroke engines are simpler in design
c) 4 stroke engines are more fuel efficient than 2 stroke engines
Answer:
a) In 2-S engines, power is generated in every revolution of the crankshaft, while in
4-S engines, the power is developed in every alternate revolutions of the
crankshaft. Hence, 2-S engines require a smaller flywheel when compare to 4-S
engines. (1 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
b) In 2-S engines, the ports are opened and closed with the movement of the piston
itself. However, in a 4-S engine, the opening and closing of the ports is done with
the help of valves that are in turn regulated by the camshaft whose rotation is
synchronised to the rotation of the crankshaft by the timer belt. The absence of
devices such as valves, cams, camshafts and timer belt simplify the design of 2-S
engines in comparison to that of a 4-S engine. (1 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
c) In a 4-stroke engine, fuel is consumed once every 4 strokes and hence it burns less
fuel. However, in a 2-stroke engine, fuel is consumed in every revolution of the
 crankshaft making 2-S engines less fuel efficient than a 4-S engine. Also, there is
absence of scavenging in 4-S engines which also ensures fuel is not sent out along
with the exhaust gases which makes 4-S engines more fuel efficient. (1 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Q.18 Steam free of condensate is to be sent over the turbine. Suggest suitable accessories
that are to be installed to ensure moisture free steam and hence explain the functions of
the same.
Answer:
Steam trap (0.5 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Explanation (0.5 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Steam Separator (0.5 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
Explanation (0.5 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)