SUPERVISED CONSTRUCTION PROJECT REPORT

5 MARLA HOUSE OF ALI RAZA

PUNJAB BUILDING DIVISION SAHIWAL

DIPLOMA OF ASSOCIATE ENGINEERING CIVIL

SUBMITTED BY

ALI RAZA
222-1759-00656
ROLL. NO. 22CR112

Session Period
01-09-24 to 28-04-25

CIVIL DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE TECHNOLOGY
SAHIWAL.

2025
SUPERVISED CONSTRUCTION PROJECT REPORT
5 MARLA HOUSE OF ALI RAZA

PUNJAB BUILDING DIVISION SAHIWAL

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

DIPLOMA OF ASSOCIATE ENGINEERING CIVIL

SUBMITTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE CIVIL

DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SAHIWAL.

SUBMITTED BY

Name of Student Roll No.

ALI RAZA 22CR112

Session Period
1-09-24 to 28-04-25

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE TECHNOLOGY SAHIWAL.

 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certified that I have completed the twelve weeks training in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of DAE CIVIL TECHNOLOGY.
I did my training in CLASS WORK from 09-09-24 to 28-05-25 The matter is
represented in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree
elsewhere.

ALI RAZA
222-1759-00656

Examined by:
Mr. SHAFEEL MEHMOOD

In-charge/HOD
Mr. Saleem Anjum
 DEDICATION

Thanks to ALLAH Almighty who strengthened us to carry out this project. This project

is dedicated our Beloved Parents and respected Teachers who devoted us to complete this thesis

Without their patience, understanding support and most of all love the competition of this

research work would not have been possible. The main role in this report making our respected

Teachers, its help to all problems.

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, we would like to thank ALLAH Almighty the Most Gracious, The
Most Bountiful the Omnipotent and The Omnipresent, THE MASTER OF THE WORLD, for
giving us the strength ability for successful completion of our project. Respects are for the
beloved Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (S.A.W) who enable us to recognize us our creator.

We would like to express our gratitude to all those who give the possibility to complete
this project. We are thankful to the CIVIL DEPARTMENT, for giving such a golden
opportunity to commence this project in the first instance. We have furthermore too thankful
to the lecture, Shafeel Mehmood we encouraged and guide us for our project. We also thankful
to the entire civil department at G.C.T Sahiwal for their stimulating support. We are Thankful
to Head of Department of Civil in G.C.t Sahiwal, for the way he trained us for future, his
constant help. Giddiness and attention though out the project. He was kind, understanding and
sympathetic towards us. Indeed, working with him, he was a blessing for us.

We wish to express our sincere for providing us with all the necessary facilities for
research.

Finally, our thanks go to all the people like who have support us to complete the project
work directly or indirectly.

At the end acknowledgements will remain incomplete, until the encouraging role of our
Parents, Brother and sister is not greatly recognized and ultimately appreciated

SIGNATURE: ALI RAZA

Registration no. 222-1759-00656

i
 ABSTRACT

Field training and report submission is one of the main courses in DAE Civil. The purpose
of this course is to apply the theoretical knowledge into practical work. There was two main parts
and the second pat is office work.

The student can be trained as site engineer, it gives you the opportunity to supervise the
construction work closely, or as design engineer using software programs such as Primavera, Auto
CAD, MS office etc.

2
 Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................8
1 Project Overview and Objectives ...........................................................................................................................8
• 1.1 Project Title ...............................................................................................................................................8
• 1.2 Project Location .........................................................................................................................................8
• 1.3 Project Goal ...............................................................................................................................................8
• 1.4 Specific Objectives .....................................................................................................................................8
2 Background and Motivation ..................................................................................................................................8
• 2.1 Homeowner's Requirements and Vision ...................................................................................................8
• 2.2 Rationale for Construction ........................................................................................................................8
• 2.3 Site Analysis ...............................................................................................................................................9
o 2.3.1 Plot Dimensions and Orientation ......................................................................................................9
o 2.3.2 Soil Conditions ...................................................................................................................................9
3 Design and Planning Phase: ...................................................................................................................................9
• 3.1 Elaboration of Design and Planning ..........................................................................................................9
o 3.1.1 Architectural Design ..........................................................................................................................9
o 3.1.2 Structural Design ...............................................................................................................................9
o 3.1.3 MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) Design ................................................................................9
o 3.1.4 Interior Design ...................................................................................................................................9
o 3.1.5 Landscape Design ..............................................................................................................................9
• 3.2 Regulatory Approvals Phase ......................................................................................................................9
o 3.2.1 Submission of Drawings .....................................................................................................................9
o 3.2.2 Obtaining Building Permits ................................................................................................................9
• 3.3 Construction Phase....................................................................................................................................9
o 3.3.1 Site Preparation .................................................................................................................................9
o 3.3.2 Foundation Work ...............................................................................................................................9
o 3.3.3 Superstructure Construction .............................................................................................................9
o 3.3.4 Roofing...............................................................................................................................................9
o 3.3.5 MEP Installations ...............................................................................................................................9
o 3.3.7 Exterior Finishing ...............................................................................................................................9
• 3.4 Handover Phase: ....................................................................................................................................10
o 3.4.1 Final Inspections ..............................................................................................................................10
o 3.4.2 Snagging and Rectification...............................................................................................................10

3
 o 3.4.3 Handover of Keys and Documents ..................................................................................................10
4 Regulatory and Legal Considerations (Sahiwal Specific)......................................................................................10
• 4.1 Sahiwal Development Authority (SDA) Regulations ................................................................................10
• 4.2 Building Permits and Approvals...............................................................................................................10
• 4.3 Utility Connections ..................................................................................................................................10
• 4.4 Environmental Regulations .....................................................................................................................10
• 4.5 Labor Laws ...............................................................................................................................................10
5 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................................10
Construction Material and its used .............................................................................................................................11
6 Cementitious Materials .......................................................................................................................................11
• 7.1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) ............................................................................................................11
• 7.2 Aggregate (Sand & Crushed Stone) .........................................................................................................13
o 7.2.1 Sand (Fine Aggregate) ......................................................................................................................13
o 7.2.2 Crushed Stone (Coarse Aggregate) ..................................................................................................15
• 7.3 Water .......................................................................................................................................................17
7 Masonry Materials ...............................................................................................................................................19
• 8.1 Clay Bricks ................................................................................................................................................19
• 8.2 Cement Mortar ........................................................................................................................................21
8 Reinforcement Steel (Rebar) ...............................................................................................................................23
9 Roofing Materials ................................................................................................................................................25
• 10.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Slab ...............................................................................................25
10 Finishing Materials ........................................................................................................................................27
• 11.1 Plaster ....................................................................................................................................................27
• 11.2 Doors and Windows ..............................................................................................................................29
• 11.3 Paints and Wall Finishes ........................................................................................................................31
Methodology of Preparing a House Load Bearing Wall ...............................................................................................33
Phase 1: Planning and Design ......................................................................................................................................33
1. Structural Design and Drawings ....................................................................................................................33
o Engage a Qualified Structural Engineer ....................................................................................................33
o Detailed Drawings.....................................................................................................................................33
o Material Specifications .............................................................................................................................33
2. Site Investigation and Preparation ................................................................................................................33
o Soil Testing (if necessary) .........................................................................................................................33
o Site Clearance ...........................................................................................................................................33
o Marking the Wall Layout ..........................................................................................................................33
3. Material Procurement and Storage ...............................................................................................................33
o Source Quality Materials ..........................................................................................................................33

4
 o Proper Storage ..........................................................................................................................................33
Phase 2: Foundation Preparation ................................................................................................................................33
1. Clean the Foundation Surface ..................................................................................................................33
2. Dampen the Foundation ...........................................................................................................................33
Phase 3: Wall Construction ..........................................................................................................................................34
1. Laying the First Course (Setting Out) .............................................................................................................34
o Mortar Bed ...............................................................................................................................................34
o Positioning the Units ................................................................................................................................34
o Checking for Level and Plumb ..................................................................................................................34
2. Subsequent Courses ......................................................................................................................................34
o Staggering Joints .......................................................................................................................................34
o Maintaining Mortar Joints ........................................................................................................................34
o Checking Level and Plumb Regularly ........................................................................................................34
3. Incorporating Openings (Doors and Windows) .............................................................................................34
o Lintel Support ...........................................................................................................................................34
o Placing Lintels ...........................................................................................................................................34
o Continuing Construction Above Lintels ....................................................................................................34
4. Incorporating Reinforcement (if required) ....................................................................................................34
o Placement .................................................................................................................................................34
o Grouting (for concrete blocks)..................................................................................................................34
5. Wall Ties (for cavity walls, if applicable) .......................................................................................................34
6. Top of the Wall ..............................................................................................................................................34
o Levelling Course ........................................................................................................................................34
o Preparation for Superstructure ................................................................................................................35
Phase 4: Quality Control and Curing ............................................................................................................................35
1. Regular Checks ..............................................................................................................................................35
o Dimensions ...............................................................................................................................................35
o Alignment .................................................................................................................................................35
o Mortar Joints ............................................................................................................................................35
o Material Quality ........................................................................................................................................35
o Reinforcement Placement ........................................................................................................................35
2. Curing ............................................................................................................................................................35
o Importance ...............................................................................................................................................35
o Method .....................................................................................................................................................35
Phase 5: Inspection ......................................................................................................................................................35
1. Intermediate Inspections ..............................................................................................................................35
2. Final Inspection .............................................................................................................................................35

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 • Safety ........................................................................................................................................................35
• Weather Conditions..................................................................................................................................35
• Skilled Labor .............................................................................................................................................35
• Adherence to Codes and Regulations .......................................................................................................35
ABSTRACT OF QUANTITY .............................................................................................................................................36
Bill of cost ....................................................................................................................................................................40
Material Statement .....................................................................................................................................................42
Labour Statement ........................................................................................................................................................43
ACTIVITY TABLE ............................................................................................................................................................44
GANT CHART ................................................................................................................................................................45
ACTIVITY NETWORK .....................................................................................................................................................46
WBS .............................................................................................................................................................................47
OBS ..............................................................................................................................................................................48
DRAWINGS ...................................................................................................................................................................49
CROSS SECTION: ......................................................................................................................................................49
MAP: ........................................................................................................................................................................50

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 Table of Figure
Figure 1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)...................................................................................................................12
Figure 2 Sand (Fine Aggregate) ....................................................................................................................................14
Figure 3 Crushed Stone (Coarse Aggregate) ................................................................................................................16
Figure 4 Water .............................................................................................................................................................18
Figure 5 Clay Bricks ......................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 6 Cement Mortar ..............................................................................................................................................22
Figure 7 Reinforcement Steel (Rebar) .........................................................................................................................24
Figure 8 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Slab .......................................................................................................26
Figure 9 Plaster ............................................................................................................................................................28
Figure 10 Doors and Windows .....................................................................................................................................30
Figure 11 Paints and Wall Finishes ..............................................................................................................................32

TABLE OF TABLES
Table 1 BILL OF QUANTITIES ........................................................................................................................................39
Table 2 BILL OF COST ...................................................................................................................................................41
Table 3 MATERIAL STATEMENT ...................................................................................................................................42
Table 4 LABOUR SCHEDULE .........................................................................................................................................43

CHAPTER # 1

7
INTRODUCTION

This document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the construction process of a 5 Marla

residential house. It outlines the key stages, considerations, and essential aspects involved in
transforming a plot of land into a comfortable and functional living space. This guide aims to
provide a structured overview for homeowners, contractors, and other stakeholders involved in
this construction project.

1 Project Overview and Objectives

• 1.1 Project Title: Construction of a 5 Marla Residential House
• 1.2 Project Location: Sector 15, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
• 1.3 Project Goal: To construct a high-quality, aesthetically pleasing, and functional 5
Marla house that meets the specific needs and preferences of the homeowner(s).
• 1.4 Specific Objectives:
o To develop a detailed architectural and structural design that maximizes space
utilization and adheres to building codes and regulations.
o To obtain all necessary permits and approvals from relevant authorities in
Sahiwal.
o To select qualified and experienced contractors and subcontractors for various
aspects of the construction.
o To procure high-quality construction materials within the allocated budget.
o To execute the construction, work according to the approved plans and
specifications, ensuring quality and timely completion.
o To implement effective project management and monitoring to track progress
and address any potential issues.
o To ensure compliance with safety regulations throughout the construction
process.
o To deliver a finished house that meets the homeowner's expectations in terms of
functionality, aesthetics, and durability.

2 Background and Motivation

• 2.1 Homeowner's Requirements and Vision: The homeowner envisions a
modern and functional 5 Marla house prioritizing natural light and ventilation. Key
needs include three bedrooms with attached bathrooms to accommodate a family of
five. Specific preferences involve an open-plan living and dining area for better
interaction, a modern kitchen with ample storage, and a small, low-maintenance green
space (e.g., a front lawn or a small backyard). The desired architectural style leans
towards contemporary minimalist, emphasizing clean lines, simple forms, and the use of
modern materials, while ensuring practicality and comfortable living.
• 2.2 Rationale for Construction: The primary motivation behind undertaking this 5
Marla house construction project in Sahiwal stems from the need for independent living
space. The homeowner currently resides in a joint family setup and desires a separate

8
 dwelling to ensure greater privacy, autonomy, and the ability to establish their own
household routines and preferences.
• 2.3 Site Analysis:
o 2.3.1 Plot Dimensions and Orientation: 27 × 50 feet = 1350 square feet
o 2.3.2 Soil Conditions: Currently, the preliminary understanding of the plot's soil
conditions is based on the general knowledge of the area in Sahiwal. It is
assumed to be predominantly alluvial soil, common in this region, which
generally offers decent bearing capacity for residential construction

3 Design and Planning Phase:

• 3.1 Elaboration of Design and Planning:
o 3.1.1 Architectural Design: Development of floor plans, elevations, sections,
and 3D visualizations.
o 3.1.2 Structural Design: Preparation of structural drawings and calculations
ensuring the stability and safety of the building.
o 3.1.3 MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) Design: Planning for water
supply, drainage, electrical wiring, and HVAC (if applicable).
o 3.1.4 Interior Design: Planning for interior layouts, finishes, and fixtures.
o 3.1.5 Landscape Design: Planning for outdoor spaces and landscaping elements.
• 3.2 Regulatory Approvals Phase:
o 3.2.1 Submission of Drawings: Submitting architectural and structural drawings
to the relevant authorities.
o 3.2.2 Obtaining Building Permits: Securing all necessary permissions and
approvals for construction.
• 3.3 Construction Phase:
o 3.3.1 Site Preparation: Clearing the site, levelling the ground, and setting out
the building layout.
o 3.3.2 Foundation Work: Excavation, formwork, reinforcement, and concrete
pouring for the foundation.
o 3.3.3 Superstructure Construction: Brickwork/blockwork for walls, columns,
beams, and slabs.
o 3.3.4 Roofing: Construction of the roof structure and installation of roofing
materials.
o 3.3.5 MEP Installations: Installation of electrical wiring, plumbing pipes, and
HVAC systems.
o 3.3.6 Interior Finishing: Plastering, flooring, tiling, painting, and installation of
fixtures.
o 3.3.7 Exterior Finishing: Plastering, painting/cladding, and installation of doors
and windows.

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 • 3.4 Handover Phase:
o 3.4.1 Final Inspections: Conducting thorough inspections to ensure quality and
compliance.
o 3.4.2 Snagging and Rectification: Identifying and rectifying any defects or
incomplete work.
o 3.4.3 Handover of Keys and Documents: Formal handover of the completed
house and relevant documents to the homeowner.

4 Regulatory and Legal Considerations (Sahiwal Specific)

• 4.1 Sahiwal Development Authority (SDA) Regulations: Adherence to all
relevant building codes, zoning regulations, and approval processes of the LDA.
• 4.2 Building Permits and Approvals: Detailed process for obtaining necessary
permits before commencing construction.
• 4.3 Utility Connections: Procedures for obtaining water, electricity, and sewerage
connections from relevant authorities (e.g., MEPCO).
• 4.4 Environmental Regulations: Compliance with any environmental regulations
applicable to construction activities in Sahiwal.
• 4.5 Labor Laws: Adherence to labour laws and ensuring fair treatment of
construction workers.

5 Conclusion
This detailed introduction provides a foundational understanding of the multifaceted process
involved in constructing a 5 Marla house in Sahiwal. By outlining the project objectives, scope
of work, management approach, and regulatory considerations, this document sets the stage
for a well-planned and efficiently executed construction project that will ultimately deliver a
comfortable and fulfilling living space for the homeowner. The subsequent phases of this
project will delve deeper into each of these aspects, providing specific details and action plans
for successful completion.

10
 CHAPTER # 2
Construction Material and its used
6 Cementitious Materials
• 7.1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC):
o Material: A fine grey powder consisting of a mixture of calcium silicates and other
compounds, manufactured by grinding clinker (produced by heating limestone and
clay).
o Use: The fundamental binding agent for concrete, mortar, and plaster. It reacts with
water (hydration) to form a hard, strong matrix.
o Applications in a 5 Marla House:
▪ Foundation: Used in PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) for the base and RCC
(Reinforced Cement Concrete) for footings, column stubs, and plinth
beams.
▪ Superstructure: Integral component of RCC for columns, beams, slabs
(floors and roof).
▪ Masonry: Used as the binder in cement mortar for laying bricks or
concrete blocks.
▪ Plastering: Forms the base of cement plaster for interior and exterior
wall finishes.
o Considerations in Sahiwal: Availability is generally good. Choose reputable brands to
ensure quality and strength. Consider the grade of cement (e.g., 43 grade, 53 grade)
based on structural requirements. Store in a dry place to prevent hardening.

11
Figure 1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

12
• 7.2 Aggregate (Sand & Crushed Stone):

o 7.2.1 Sand (Fine Aggregate):

▪ Material: Small, loose grains of eroded rock. River sand is commonly used

in Sahiwal. Crushed sand is also becoming more prevalent.

▪ Use: Provides bulk and workability to concrete and mortar, filling the

voids between larger aggregate particles.

▪ Applications in a 5 Marla House:

▪ Concrete: Essential component for achieving the desired mix and

strength.

▪ Mortar: Used in brick/block masonry and plastering.

▪ Considerations in Sahiwal: Quality can vary. Ensure it's clean, free from

excessive silt, clay, and organic matter, which can weaken the concrete or

mortar. Proper grading (particle size distribution) is important for

workability.

13
Figure 2 Sand (Fine Aggregate)

14
o 7.2.2 Crushed Stone (Coarse Aggregate):

▪ Material: Fragments of crushed rock (e.g., granite, limestone). Locally

sourced crushed stone is widely used in Sahiwal. Brick aggregate (locally

called "bajri") might be used for lower-strength applications but is

generally discouraged for structural RCC.

▪ Use: Provides the main structural strength and volume in concrete.

▪ Applications in a 5 Marla House: Primarily used in RCC for the

foundation, columns, beams, and slabs.

▪ Considerations in Sahiwal: Size and grading should meet the

requirements of the concrete mix design. Ensure it's clean and free from

impurities. Crushed stone generally offers better strength compared to

brick aggregate.

15
Figure 3 Crushed Stone (Coarse Aggregate)

16
• 7.3 Water:

o Material: Clean, potable water free from harmful impurities, chemicals, and

excessive salts.

o Use: Essential for the hydration of cement, which is the chemical reaction that binds

the concrete and mortar. It also provides workability to the mix.

o Applications in a 5 Marla House: Used in mixing concrete, mortar, and plaster, as

well as for curing these elements after placement.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Use clean water. Impurities can negatively affect the

strength and setting of cementitious materials.

17
Figure 4 Water

18
7 Masonry Materials

• 8.1 Clay Bricks:

o Material: Rectangular units made from clay, moulded, dried, and fired in a kiln.

Various qualities and sizes are available in Sahiwal.

o Use: Primarily used for constructing walls (load-bearing and partition walls).

o Applications in a 5 Marla House: External walls, internal partition walls.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Quality varies significantly. Look for well-shaped

bricks with uniform colour, sharp edges, and a metallic sound when struck

together. High water absorption can indicate poor quality. Consider the strength

class based on structural requirements.

19
Figure 5 Clay Bricks

20
• 8.2 Cement Mortar:

o Material: A mixture of cement, sand, and water. The ratio of cement to sand

determines the strength of the mortar.

o Use: Acts as a binding agent between bricks or concrete blocks, providing

structural integrity and stability to the walls.

o Applications in a 5 Marla House: Laying bricks for walls.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Use the correct mix ratio as per the load-bearing

requirements. Proper mixing and application are crucial for good bonding. Curing

the mortar joints with water for several days is essential for strength

development.

21
Figure 6 Cement Mortar

22
8 Reinforcement Steel (Rebar)

• Material: Steel bars with deformations (ribs or lugs) on their surface to improve bonding

with concrete. Available in various diameters and grades (e.g., Grade 40, Grade 60).

• Use: Provides tensile strength to concrete, which is weak in tension. Reinforced

concrete (RCC) is essential for structural elements that experience bending or tension.

• Applications in a 5 Marla House:

o Foundation: Footings, column stubs, plinth beams.

o Superstructure: Columns, beams, floor slabs, roof slab, lintels above openings.

o Staircases (if RCC).

• Considerations in Sahiwal: Purchase from reputable suppliers to ensure the correct

grade and quality. Check for rust and damage. Proper cutting, bending, and placement

according to the structural drawings are critical for the structural integrity of the house.

Cover blocks are used to ensure proper concrete cover over the reinforcement for

protection against corrosion.

23
Figure 7 Reinforcement Steel (Rebar)

24
9 Roofing Materials

• 10.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Slab: (Covered under Cementitious

Materials and Reinforcement Steel)

o Use: A common and durable roofing solution providing structural stability and

weather protection.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Requires proper waterproofing treatment to prevent

leakage, insulation for thermal comfort during hot summers, and a well-designed

drainage system for rainwater.

25
Figure 8 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Slab

26
10 Finishing Materials

• 11.1 Plaster: (Covered under Cementitious Materials)

o Use: Provides a smooth and even surface on walls and ceilings for painting or

other finishes.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Proper mixing and application are important to avoid

cracks. Consider using gypsum plaster for interiors for a smoother finish.

27
Figure 9 Plaster

28
• 11.2 Doors and Windows:

o Materials: Wood (requires regular maintenance), UPVC (low maintenance, good

insulation), Aluminium (lightweight, durable), Steel (strong, often for security

doors).

o Use: Provide access, ventilation, natural light, and security.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: UPVC and aluminium are gaining popularity due to

their durability and lower maintenance compared to wood. Consider the quality

of frames, hinges, and locks for security. Proper sealing is important to prevent

dust and drafts.

29
Figure 10 Doors and Windows

30
• 11.3 Paints and Wall Finishes:

o Materials: Primer, interior paints (emulsion, distemper), exterior paints

(weather-resistant), textured coatings, wallpapers.

o Use: Provide aesthetic appeal and protect wall surfaces.

o Considerations in Sahiwal: Choose weather-resistant exterior paints to

withstand the local climate. Good quality primer is essential for proper adhesion

and finish.

31
Figure 11 Paints and Wall Finishes

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 CHAPTER # 3
Methodology of Preparing a House Load Bearing Wall
Preparing a load-bearing wall for construction is a critical process that requires careful planning and execution to
ensure structural integrity and safety. Here's a detailed methodology:

Phase 1: Planning and Design

1. Structural Design and Drawings:
o Engage a Qualified Structural Engineer: This is the most crucial step. The engineer will
analyse the loads the wall needs to support (from the roof, floors above, and its own weight), soil
conditions, seismic activity, and other relevant factors.
o Detailed Drawings: The engineer will produce detailed structural drawings that specify:
▪ Wall thickness and dimensions.
▪ Type and grade of building materials (bricks, blocks, concrete, etc.).
▪ Mortar mix ratio.
▪ Reinforcement details (if required, especially in concrete or reinforced masonry walls),
including the size, spacing, and placement of steel bars.
▪ Lintel and beam specifications above openings (doors, windows).
▪ Foundation details and connection to the wall.
▪ Any specific construction techniques or requirements.
o Material Specifications: Clearly define the quality and specifications of all materials to be
used.
2. Site Investigation and Preparation:
o Soil Testing (if necessary): For heavier structures or uncertain soil conditions, a
geotechnical investigation might be required to determine the soil's bearing capacity.
o Site Clearance: Remove any vegetation, debris, or obstructions from the wall's footprint.
o Marking the Wall Layout: Accurately mark the position and dimensions of the wall on the
prepared foundation according to the structural drawings. Use surveying tools (e.g., measuring
tapes, levels, plumb bobs) to ensure accuracy.
3. Material Procurement and Storage:
o Source Quality Materials: Procure materials according to the specifications in the
structural drawings.
o Proper Storage: Store materials on-site in a manner that protects them from damage and
degradation (e.g., keep bricks dry, store cement in a moisture-proof area).
Phase 2: Foundation Preparation (Assuming the foundation is already in place)
1. Clean the Foundation Surface: Ensure the top surface of the foundation is clean and free from any
loose material, dust, or debris.
2. Dampen the Foundation: Lightly dampen the top surface of the concrete foundation before laying
the first course of masonry units. This helps in better bonding between the mortar and the concrete.

33
Phase 3: Wall Construction
1. Laying the First Course (Setting Out):
o Mortar Bed: Apply a uniform layer of mortar of the specified thickness on the foundation
along the marked layout of the wall.
o Positioning the Units: Carefully place the first course of bricks or blocks according to the
drawings, ensuring they are level and aligned. Use a spirit level and string line to maintain
horizontal and vertical alignment.
o Checking for Level and Plumb: Continuously check the level (horizontal) and plumb
(vertical) of the first course. This is crucial as it forms the base for the entire wall.
2. Subsequent Courses:
o Staggering Joints: Lay subsequent courses, ensuring that the vertical joints between the
units are staggered (lapped) to provide better strength and prevent continuous vertical cracks.
The overlap should typically be at least one-third the length of the unit.
o Maintaining Mortar Joints: Apply a consistent thickness of mortar between the units
(both horizontal bed joints and vertical head joints). The mortar should be workable and provide
good adhesion. Strike the joints neatly for both structural integrity and aesthetics.
o Checking Level and Plumb Regularly: Use a spirit level and plumb bob frequently as
the wall progresses to ensure it remains straight and vertical. Use a mason's line stretched taut
between corners or guide blocks to maintain alignment.
3. Incorporating Openings (Doors and Windows):
o Lintel Support: When reaching the level of door or window openings, ensure adequate
support for the lintel (a horizontal beam that spans the opening). This might involve using
temporary supports (props) while the lintel is being placed and the mortar sets.
o Placing Lintels: Carefully place the lintels (concrete, steel, or masonry) over the openings,
ensuring they are properly bedded in mortar and extend sufficiently beyond the sides of the
opening (bearing). The length of the bearing should be as specified in the structural drawings.
o Continuing Construction Above Lintels: Continue laying masonry units above the
lintels, maintaining the bond and alignment.
4. Incorporating Reinforcement (if required):
o Placement: If the design calls for reinforcement (e.g., in reinforced masonry walls or concrete
block walls), place the steel bars according to the structural drawings, ensuring proper cover
(distance between the steel and the outer surface of the masonry).
o Grouting (for concrete blocks): For reinforced concrete block walls, after placing the
reinforcement, the cores of the blocks containing the steel are filled with grout (a flowable
concrete mix) to bond the steel to the masonry.
5. Wall Ties (for cavity walls, if applicable): If the load-bearing wall is part of a cavity wall
system, ensure wall ties are installed at the specified intervals to connect the inner and outer leaves of
the wall.
6. Top of the Wall:
o Levelling Course: Finish the top of the wall with a level course of masonry units.

34
 o Preparation for Superstructure: Prepare the top of the wall as specified in the drawings
for connection to the next structural element (e.g., floor slab, roof beam). This might involve
creating a level surface or embedding connection elements.

Phase 4: Quality Control and Curing

1. Regular Checks: Throughout the construction process, conduct regular checks on:
o Dimensions: Verify that the wall dimensions match the drawings.
o Alignment: Ensure the wall is straight and vertical.
o Mortar Joints: Check the thickness and quality of mortar joints.
o Material Quality: Ensure the materials used are as specified.
o Reinforcement Placement: Verify the correct placement and cover of reinforcement (if
applicable).
2. Curing:
o Importance: Proper curing of the mortar is essential for it to gain full strength.
o Method: Keep the newly constructed wall moist for the specified curing period (typically 3-7
days, depending on the type of mortar and weather conditions). This can be done by spraying
water, covering with damp burlap, or using other suitable methods.

Phase 5: Inspection
1. Intermediate Inspections: It's good practice to have inspections at critical stages of
construction (e.g., after the first few courses, after lintel placement, upon completion of the wall) by the
structural engineer or a qualified supervisor to ensure compliance with the drawings and specifications.
2. Final Inspection: A final inspection should be carried out upon completion of the wall before any
further loads are applied.
Important Considerations:
• Safety: Implement appropriate safety measures on the construction site, including providing personal
protective equipment (PPE) for workers and ensuring safe working practices.
• Weather Conditions: Avoid constructing masonry walls during extreme weather conditions (e.g.,
heavy rain, freezing temperatures) as these can negatively impact the quality of the mortar.
• Skilled Labor: Employ experienced and skilled masons who understand the principles of load-bearing
wall construction and can work accurately according to the drawings.
• Adherence to Codes and Regulations: Ensure that the construction complies with all relevant
local building codes and regulations.

35
 ABSTRACT OF QUANTITY

SR NO DESCRIPTION NO L B H QUANTITY REMARKS

SITE PREPARATION
1 LAND CLEARANCE 1 50 30 1500
2 GRADING LEVELING 1 50 30 1500
3 FILLING COMPACTING 1 50 30 1500
4 FOUNDATION
5 EXCAVATION
WALLA 2 51.75 2.5 2.5 646.875
WALL B 4 26.75 2.5 2.5 668.75
WALL C 2 3.75 2.5 2.5 46.875
WALL D 2 12 2.5 2.5 150
WALL E 1 17.75 2.5 2.5 110.9375
WALL F 1 10.25 2.5 2.5 64.0625
WALL G 1 8.25 2.5 2.5 51.5625
WALL H 1 15.25 2.5 2.5 95.3125
WALL I 1 4.25 2.5 2.5 26.5625
1860.9375
6 PCC
WALLA 2 51.75 2.5 0.5 129.375
WALL B 4 26.75 2.5 0.5 133.75
WALL C 2 3.75 2.5 0.5 9.375
WALL D 2 12 2.5 0.5 30
WALL E 1 17.75 2.5 0.5 22.1875
WALL F 1 10.25 2.5 0.5 12.8125
WALL G 1 8.25 2.5 0.5 10.3125
WALL H 1 15.25 2.5 0.5 19.0625
WALL I 1 4.25 2.5 0.5 5.3125
372.1875
7 B/W IN FOUNTAIN
1ST STEP 0
WALLA 2 50.75 1.5 0.5 76.125
WALL B 4 27.75 1.5 0.5 83.25
WALL C 2 75 1.5 0.5 112.5
WALL D 2 12 1.5 0.5 18
WALL E 1 18.75 1.5 0.5 14.0625
WALL F 1 11.25 1.5 0.5 8.4375

36
 WALL G 1 9.25 1.5 0.5 6.9375
WALL H 1 16.25 1.5 0.5 12.1875
WALL I 1 5.25 1.5 0.5 3.9375

2ND STEP
WALLA 2 50.375 1.125 0.5 56.671875
WALL B 4 28.125 1.125 0.5 63.28125
WALL C 2 5.125 1.125 0.5 5.765625
WALL D 2 12 1.125 0.5 13.5
WALL E 1 19.125 1.125 0.5 10.7578125
WALL F 1 11.625 1.125 0.5 6.5390625
WALL G 1 9.625 1.125 0.5 5.4140625
WALL H 1 16.625 1.125 0.5 9.3515625
WALL I 1 5.625 1.125 0.5 3.1640625

STEP 3
WALLA 2 50 0.75 2.5 187.5
WALL B 4 28.5 0.75 2.5 213.75
WALL C 2 5.5 0.75 2.5 20.625
WALL D 2 12 0.75 2.5 45
WALL E 1 19.5 0.75 2.5 36.5625
WALL F 1 12 0.75 2.5 22.5
WALL G 1 10 0.75 2.5 18.75
WALL H 1 17 0.75 2.5 31.875

WALL I 1 6 0.75 2.5 11.25

1097.695313
8 DPC 0
WALLA 2 50 0.75 2.5 187.5
WALL B 4 28.5 0.75 2.5 213.75
WALL C 2 5.5 0.75 2.5 20.625
WALL D 2 12 0.75 2.5 45
WALL E 1 19.5 0.75 2.5 36.5625
WALL F 1 12 0.75 2.5 22.5
WALL G 1 10 0.75 2.5 18.75
WALL H 1 17 0.75 2.5 31.875
WALL I 1 6 0.75 2.5 11.25
587.8125
9 B/W IN S S 0
WALLA 2 50 0.75 12 900
WALL B 4 28.5 0.75 12 1026

37
 WALL C 2 5.5 0.75 12 99
WALL D 2 12 0.75 12 216
WALL E 1 19.5 0.75 12 175.5
WALL F 1 12 0.75 12 108
WALL G 1 10 0.75 12 90
WALL H 1 17 0.75 12 153
WALL I 1 6 0.75 12 54
2821.5
10 FINISHING
PLASTER 0
WALLA 2 50 - 12 1200
WALL B 4 28.5 - 12 1368
WALL C 2 5.5 - 12 132
WALL D 2 12 - 12 288
WALL E 1 19.5 - 12 234
WALL F 1 12 - 12 144
WALL G 1 10 - 12 120
WALL H 1 17 - 12 204
WALL I 1 6 - 12 72
3762
11 POINTING 0
WALLA 2 50 - 12 1200
WALL B 4 28.5 - 12 1368
WALL C 2 5.5 - 12 132
WALL D 2 12 - 12 288
WALL E 1 19.5 - 12 234
WALL F 1 12 - 12 144
WALL G 1 10 - 12 120
WALL H 1 17 - 12 204
WALL I 1 6 - 12 72
3762
12 PAINT 0
WALLA 2 50 - 12 1200
WALL B 4 28.5 - 12 1368
WALL C 2 5.5 - 12 132
WALL D 2 12 - 12 288
WALL E 1 19.5 - 12 234
WALL F 1 12 - 12 144
WALL G 1 10 - 12 120
WALL H 1 17 - 12 204
WALL I 1 6 - 12 72

38
 3762
13 DISTEMPER 0
WALLA 2 50 - 12 1200
WALL B 4 28.5 - 12 1368
WALL C 2 5.5 - 12 132
WALL D 2 12 - 12 288
WALL E 1 19.5 - 12 234
WALL F 1 12 - 12 144
WALL G 1 10 - 12 120
WALL H 1 17 - 12 204
WALL I 1 6 - 12 72
3762
14 FLOORING 1 50 30 1500
15 ROOFING 1 50 30 0.5 750
16 DEDUCTION DOOR - 0
BED ROOM 2 4 0.75 7 42
BOTH 3 3 0.75 7 47.25
KITCHEN 1 4 0.75 7 21
LUNCH 1 4 0.75 7 21
BATHAK 2 4 0.75 7 42
173.25
17 WINDOWS 0
BED ROOM 2 4 0.75 4 24
BOTH 3 4 0.75 4 36
KITCHEN 1 2 0.75 2 3
LUNCH 1 4 0.75 2 6
BATHAK 2 4 0.75 4 24
SATIRE 1 4 0.75 4 12
81
18 LINTEL DOOR 0
BED ROOM 2 5 0.5 0
BOTH 3 3 0.75 0.5 3.375
KITCHEN 1 5 0.75 0.5 1.875
LUNCH 1 5 0.75 0.5 1.875
BATHAK 1 5 0.75 0.5 1.875
9
19 DEDUCTION WINDOW 0
BAD ROOM 2 5 0.75 0.5 3.75
BATH 3 5 0.75 0.5 5.625

Table 1 BILL OF QUANTITY

39
 Bill of cost
SR
SCHEDULE UNI REMAR
. DESCRIPTION QTY RATE AMOUNT
REFERENCE T KS
#
SITE PREPRATION

0.1
LAND CLEARANCE 1500 10533.6 % 15800.4
GRADING AND
LEVELLING(Dressing and
levelling of earhtwork to
Ch# 3-26-18- designed section OF 0.1
(b) Ordinary or hard soil ) 1500 940.9 % 1411.35
FOUNDATION WORKS

EXCAVATION (Earthwork
excavation undressed 1860.9
lead upto a single throw 3
of Kassi, phaorah or
Ch# 3-24-1- shove In ordinary soil) 5,643.0 0.1 10501.227
(b) 0 % 99
P.C.C (Cement concrete
plain including placing
compacting, finishing
and curing
complete (including
372.19
screening and
washing of stone
aggregate)
Ratio 1: 4: 8 37,631. 140062.16
90 1% 86
BRICK WORK IN
FOUNDATION (Pacca
1097.6
brick work in mud
9
Ch# 7-48-1- mortar in buildings in 26,449. 290331.32
(1) foundation and plinth) 30 1% 12
47303.128
587.81
D.P.C 8047.35 1% 04
FILLING AND 0.1
1500
COMPACTION 7547.75 % 11321.625
SUPER STRUCTURE WORK

40
B/WORK IN SUPER
STRUCTER (Pacca brick
2821.0
work in mud mortar in
5
buildings in foundation 1077217.9
and plinth) 38185 1% 43
RCC WORK
100
20.43
LINTEL 769.3 % 15716.799
100
ROOF SLAB 750
52.55 % 39412.5
STEEL 1500 31757.4 1% 476361
FINISHING WORKS
FLOORING 1350 11180.2 1% 150932.7
100 739115.12
DOOR (INSTALLATION) 206.5 3579.25 % 5
WINDOW 100
(INSTALLATION) 76 1310 % 99560
MAIN GATE 100
84
(INSTALLATION) 1648.35 % 138461.4
174075.26
3762
PLASTER 4627.2 1% 4
160315.74
3762
POINTING 4261.45 1% 9
DISTEMPER 3762 1518.2 1% 57114.684
PAINTING 672 1853.35 1% 12454.512
3657468.8
TOTAL COST 96

Table 2 BILL OF COST

41
 Material Statement
SR.N Quantiti
o Description es Material
Cement(Ba Sand Crush Brick Steel Stone
gs) (cft) (cft) No (kg) Chips
1 P.C.C 307.5 35 175 350 - - -
B/W in
2 Foundation 1047.09 55 346 - 14136 - -
3 D.P.C 192.37 102 256 513 - - -
4 B/W in S/S 2308.5 170 854 - 37847 - -
5 Lintel 20.43 2 5 11 - 36 -
6 Plaster 3078 31 158 - - - -
7 Pointing 3078 - - - -
8 Flooring 1350 91 457 - - - 231
9 Roofing 675 131 328 657 - 1501 -
617 2579 1531 51983 1537 231

Table 3 MATERIAL STATEMENT

42
 Labour Statement

SR.N Quantitie
o Description s Labour Labour
Maso Bahisht DA Maso Bahisht
n Cooli i Y n Cooli i
11.1
1 P.C.C 372.19 3.72 22.32 2 2 1.86 6 1
B/W in
2 Foundation 1097.69 21.95 35.67 8 8 2.74 4.45 1
11.7
3 D.P.C 587.81 6 35.26 3 3 2 5 1
4 B/W in S/S 2821.05 70 136 21.15 15 4.67 9.06 1.41
5 Lintel 50.43 0.2 1.22 0.1 1 0.2 1.22 0.1
6 Plaster 3762 28.21 37.62 9.4 6 4.7 6.27 1.57
7 Pointing 3762 28.21 37.62 9.4 6 4.7 6.27 1.57
8 Distemper 3762 9.4 9.4 3 3.13 3.13 -
9 Flooring 1350 13.5 10.12 2.7 2 6.75 5.06 1.35
10 Roofing 750 7.5 22.5 7.5 1 7.5 22.5 7.5
188.6 347.7 80.8
18315.17 9 3 63.25 47 38.25 7 16.5 0

Table 4 LABOUR SCHEDULE

43
 5 MARLA HOUSE BY ALI RAZA Classic Schedule Layout 17-Apr-25 17:41

Activity ID Activity Name Original Duration BL Project Total Start Finish Total Float
Cost

22CR112 5 MARLA HOUSE BY A 88 RS3,657,468.90 01-Jan-25 17-Apr-25 0

22CR112.A PRILIMINARY SURV 0 RS0.00 01-Jan-25 01-Jan-25 0

A1000 PRILIMINARY SURVEY 0 RS0.00 01-Jan-25

22CR112.B SITE PREPRATION 6 RS17,211.75 01-Jan-25 07-Jan-25 0

A1010 LAND CLEARANCE 3 RS15,800.40 01-Jan-25 04-Jan-25

A1020 GRADING AND 2 RS1,411.35 06-Jan-25 07-Jan-25

LEVELLING
22CR112.C FOUNDATION WOR 21 RS499,519.45 08-Jan-25 03-Feb-25 0

A1030 EXCAVATION 5 RS10,501.23 08-Jan-25 14-Jan-25

P.C.C 2 RS140,062.16 15-Jan-25 16-Jan-25
A1040
A1050 B/W IN FOUNDATION 8 RS290,331.32 17-Jan-25 27-Jan-25

A1060 D.P.C 3 RS47,303.12 28-Jan-25 30-Jan-25

FILLING AND 2 RS11,321.63 31-Jan-25 03-Feb-25
A1070
COMPACTION
22CR112.D B/W SUPER STRUC 15 RS1,077,217.94 04-Feb-25 21-Feb-25 0

BRICK WORK IN SUPER 15 RS1,077,217.94 04-Feb-25 21-Feb-25

A1080
STR
22CR112.E RCC WORKS 6 RS531,490.30 22-Feb-25 01-Mar-25 0

LINTEL 1 RS15,716.80 22-Feb-25 22-Feb-25

A1090
R00F SLAB 1 RS39,412.50 24-Feb-25 24-Feb-25
A1100
STEEL 4 RS476,361.00 25-Feb-25 01-Mar-25
A1110
22CR112.F FINISHING WORKS 39 RS1,532,029.46 03-Mar-25 17-Apr-25 0

A1120 FLOORING 2 RS150,932.70 03-Mar-25 04-Mar-25

A1130 DOOR 2 RS739,115.16 05-Mar-25 06-Mar-25

A1140 WINDOW 2 RS99,560.00 07-Mar-25 10-Mar-25

A1150 MAIN GATE 1 RS138,461.40 11-Mar-25 11-Mar-25

A1160 PLASTER 6 RS174,075.26 12-Mar-25 19-Mar-25

A1170 POINTING 6 RS160,315.75 20-Mar-25 27-Mar-25

DISTEMPER 3 RS57,114.68 28-Mar-25 01-Apr-25
A1180
PAINTING 0 RS12,454.51 17-Apr-25
A1190

ACTIVITY TABLE

44
GANT CHART

45
ACTIVITY NETWORK

46
WBS

47
OBS

48
 DRAWINGS
CROSS SECTION:

49
MAP:

50