EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES

LESSON #4-6 |
Understanding Graphic Design and Layout Basic Principles of Design and Layout
A good website must know its target audience, 1. Balance
determine its needs, and communicate ● It refers to the proper arrangement of the
effectively using the basic principles of graphics elements, which gives a visual weight for
and layout. the design.
Users or visitors may have different interests and ● There are two types of balance,
needs like browsing, researching, streaming, Symmetrical or Asymmetrical.
online shopping, dating, and many others. Symmetrical balance is where the
They even behave differently depending on what elements are equally distributed on both
they perceive on the website. sides of your design, technically a mirror-
Web design matters in every user, whether they based design.
can decide to stay or just leave. ● In contrast, Asymmetrical balance is a
free layout where the elements can be
Usability placed in any order or the opposite of
● is important for the users as it satisfies symmetrical.
their experience on the website, but a 2. Emphasis
good design will drag the audience’s ● It refers to something that needs to
attention to stay on the page. stand-out or emphasize. When working on
● Always remember that first impressions emphasis, you can change the color, size,
last and web design has an impact on the or even the element itself to lead the eye
users on how they perceive the brand or to the focal interest.
message. 3. Pattern, Repetition and Rhythm
Graphic design ● The use of repetitive elements such as
● is an artistic way of communicating ideas lines, shapes, forms, textures, space,
and messages through visual expressions colors, font, style, and the like to create
using texts, images, and symbols. texture, movement, continuity, and
● Graphic designers work on the quality of consistency of the design. It also makes
the output they serve for the audience or the design formal and more comfortable
clients like websites, advertisements, to read because of its uniformity.
posters, flyers, logos, videos, and any 4. Alignment
other multimedia form. ● It refers to the proper placement of an
● A practical graphic layout and design can element to your design, just like invisibly
easily catch the attention of the viewers placing or aligning your texts or images
and allow them to understand the diagonally, vertically, and horizontally.
message conveniently. ● The standard texts or paragraph
alignment we apply are center, right, left,
Graphic Design vs. Layout and justified
● Design is a plan of creating an idea 5. Hierarchy
through a combination of texts, images, ● all textboxes have different angles
and other elements that are placed positioning diagonally
together artistically, whereas, the layout is ● It refers to the proper arrangement of the
a term used as the process of organizing details such as text, characters, numbers,
and arranging these elements in a design and symbols.
as you plot it in a paper. ● Changing its character size, thickness,
spaces, or even font type to stand out is
its most critical features.
● By applying this principle, it can help the
viewer to recognize and navigate the INFOGRAPHICS
highlight of the event smoothly. ● Infographics is the portmanteau or
6. Contrast combination of the words ‘information’
● It refers to the use of different or opposite and ‘Graphics’, meaning, information from
elements such as sizes (large or small), graphics. Like what you did with the
shapes (geometric or organic), spaces activity earlier, graphics, pictures and
(negative or positive), form (real or images can convey a lot of information
abstract), colors (monochromatic, especially when it has context.
complementary, triadic, tetradic), texture Infographics can greatly enhance the way
(smooth or rough), and values (light or you present your information.
dark).
● The contrast gives visual weight to an ● The main purpose of an infographic is to
object or design. You must consider and engage and to make understanding
limit the use of different elements, color, easier. Remember that infographics are
style, and typography to avoid cluttered not used to make documents more
design. appealing, but the use of graphical
● When creating contrast in color and text, elements that will improve how quickly
it is advised to choose a color from the and easily an idea or information is
background to create consistency of your presented
design.
● Always remember that the details must Graphs and Charts as Infographics
be readable by having a dark-light value ● Graphs and charts are representation
of either text and background or vice- of data (mostly numeric) through
versa. graphics.
7. Unity and Harmony ● There are many types of charts. Their
● It refers to the relationship of the uses depend on what you want to
elements or the contents when you place show or report.
them together. The elements of the design The following are some of the charts and their
must work together and agree to its uses.
meaning, theme, feeling, or mood. Bar graphs
● These are primarily used in comparing
sets of data. They visualize the difference
between values in a table and show
rate of change over time.
Line graphs
● These are similar with bar graphs in
terms of use, with a difference that line
graphs are more suitable in showing
trends.
Pie charts
● These are circular statistical graphical
representation of proportion or
percentage.
Forest graphs
● These graphs are used to visually
represent values within a group and
compare them to other groups.
Radial graphs
● These are similar to a forest graph in
many aspects but are presented using a
circle.
Creating Infographics using Excel
1. In your desktop, create a document
named ‘Sales Data’. (Always remember to
save your progress by pressing Ctrl + S.)
2. In your work area, copy the set of data.
(see Figure 2.3)

3. Drag select A1 to L2, then in the

ribbon press Insert then in the charts
section, click the desired chart. For
example, click Insert Column Chart or
Area Chart. (See Figure 2.4) 7. To reposition the graph, click and drag the
graph to the desired position.
8. You can copy and paste the graph to
other Microsoft Office application. To copy
press Ctrl + C then press Ctrl + V to paste.

4. A dropdown window will appear as seen in

Figure 2.5, in the 2-D Column section, Infographic Image and Graphical Formatting
select Clustered Column. It will create a The visual preference of people when it
graph as seen in Figure 2.6. comes to gathering data must not be discounted.
5. To rename, double click the name of the When making an infographic specifically a
graph then type the “Sale Rending Graph” graph, it is necessary it is tailored to our target
(Steps 5 to 7 are already tackled in earlier audience. In MS excel there are options in editing,
modules. You may refer to Module 2.2 manipulating and formatting visual elements in
“Working Spreadsheets” instructions) for our graph.
more Design Tools
6. To resize, click the graph then click and 1. To access the Chart Tools where Design
drag any of the eight handles in the edges and Format Menu tools can be found you
of the graph. must first select any Graph that you want
to edit. In the ribbon. The said Menu tools
will be available as seen on figure 2.7
 that user will accept and use but
take control of your computer.
4. Worm
● A malicious program that copy’s a
itself and spreads to other
computers.
5. Spyware
● A malicious program that gathers
2. Click on Design, In the Chart Styles
information from victim’s
section click More (as seen on figure 2.8).
computer and send it back to the
It will expand and display multiple Chart
hacker.
Styles options as seen on Figure 2.9.
6. Adware
● An unwanted advertisement that
will pop-up several times on
victim’s computer then behave
abnormally and tedious to close
3. In the Multiple Chart Styles you can
them.
choose different types of styles that can
7. Keylogger
accommodate different styles
● A program that runs in the
requirements or preference. Click and
background and steals user
explore any of each to see their
credentials and confidential
differences.
information and send back to hack
by recording every keystroke that
a user makes n their compueter or
device.
8. Botnet
● A collection of infected internet -
connected devices such as PC and
mobile phone that are controlled
by a common type of malware.
9. Rootkit
INTERNET RISK ● A software tools used by hackers
● Cyberbullying to gain control over a computer on
● Indentity theft a network w/o being exposed
● Cyber stalking 10. Ransomware
● Sexting ● A ransom virus that block user
● Spam from accessing the programs or
● Phisphing files and demands to pay the
● Cybercrime ransom through online method for
● Cybercrime law the removal of the virus.

INTERNET THREATS
1. Malware
● Malicious Software
2. Virus
● A malicious program that
Double Spacing
replicates itself by copying itself to
another program. 1. Highlight the texts that you want to
3. Trojan Horse double space > Home > Paragraph >
● A malicious program that Indents and Spacing > Spacing > Line
disguised as legitimate program Spacing > choose double > OK.
(see Figure 2.1)

Creating a Table of Contents

1. Create a new Word document, name it
“Table of Contents” and input the
following:
Inserting Header and Footer
1. Open Word processor.
2. Click Insert > Header & Footer. (see Figure
2.2)

4. Choose a style

2. For each text, apply Heading Style. For

Unit 1 and 2, apply Heading 1 and for the
rest of the text apply Heading 2. Click
Home > Choose Styles group > Heading 1
or Heading 2.

Inserting a Page Number 3. Click in the beginning of the document to

1. In the same area of the footer and move the insertion point.
header, select the page number. 4. If you want to make it automatic in
2. Choose what format and style you want to putting label in your “Table of Contents”,
use in a page number. press, References > Table of Contents
(see Figure 2.4) group > then the click Automatic
 6. Go to the Income tab, then drag select
cells A1 to C1. While the A1 to C3 cells are
selected, in the ribbon click Home > Center
then click Home > Bold as seen in Figure
2.5. Do the same for the Expense tab.
Formatting the Spreadsheet
1. In your desktop, create a document
named ‘My Weekly Budget’. Always
Remember to save your progress by
pressing Ctrl + S.
2. Create an additional tab by clicking the
plus icon in the sheets tab below. (as 7. In the Expense tab, drag select from A1 to
shown by a red box in Figure 2.1) C15 then from the ribbon, click Home >
Format as Table > Table Style Light 9 as
specified in Figure 2.2. A prompt will
appear as seen in Figure 2.6 that validates
the selection range, then press OK. Do the
same to A1 to C3 in the Income tab but
use Table Style Light 10 instead.
3. Rename Sheet1 by double click its name
and change it to Income. Do the same
with Sheet2 and change it to Expense. (see
Figure 2.2)

8. In the Expense tab, drag select C2 to C16,

press right click > Format Cells (see Figure
2.7), the Format Cell Window will appear.
4. Select the Income tab and type the
following data as seen in Figure 2.3. Then
click the Expense tab and type the
following data as seen in Figure 2.3

9. Format Cell Window will appear. In the

Number tab, press Currency and search in
the dropdown box for the Peso sign
symbol (₱) or PHP. Change decimal places
to 0 then press OK. (see Figure 2.8)
5. To adjust the cell width or height, click and 10. Do steps 8 and 9 for C2 to C4 to the
drag the edge of the column or row Income tab.
heading respectively as seen in Figure 2.4
 d) Change Font Color to White.
e) Center
5. Drag select A3 to A5 then click Home >
Bold.
6. Select B3 then type = Income!C4, this will
display the content of C4 in the Income
tab. (see Figure 2.11)
7. Do the same with B4 but type = Expense!
C12.
8. Select B5, then type =B3-B4 as seen in
Figure 2.12. This formula will display the
difference between B4 and B3.

11.

Report Summarization
1. In the Income tab, click C4 then type 9. Drag select B3 to B5, press right click >
=SUM(C2:C3). This will automatically Format Cells, the Format Cell Window will
compute the sum of cells C2 to C3 as seen appear. In the Number Tab, press
in Figure 2.9 Do the same for the Expense Currency and search in the dropdown box
tab, but use the code =SUM(C2:C15) for the Peso sign symbol (₱) or PHP as
instead. seen in Figure 2.8, press OK.
2. Create another tab, rename it Report
Summary. Table Creation
1. To create a graph, drag select A3 to B4
then press Insert> Insert Pie or Doughnut
Chart as seen in Figure 2.13.

3. In Report Summary tab, type the data as

seen in Figure 2.9. Notice the space
between A1 and A3. 2. Double click on the Title of the graph and
change it into FINANCIAL SUMMARY PIE
GRAPH as seen in Figure 2.14.

3. To resize the graph, click and drag the

lower rightmost handle then move the
4. Select A1, then in the Home tab in the
mouse to the left as seen in Figure 2.15.
ribbon, edit the following: (see Figure 2.10)
Any handles can be used in this purpose
a) Bold
as long as you drag away from the handle
b) Change Font Size to 15.
you clicked.
c) Change Fill Color to Green.
4. To move the graph, hover on the edge of Adding Video
the chart then click and drag it anywhere 1. For adding video, create another slide
you want it to move. after your first slide and apply the blank
layout.
2. Click Insert > Video > Video from File. (see
Figure 2.3)

3. Locate the video in the folder where your

videos are saved same as insert pictures.
Select the file and click Insert.
1. Create one 4. The Playback tab provides option on how
(1) folder with two the movie will be played and displayed
(2) sub-folders in Desktop and name it: during the slideshow. It gives information
a) Pictures about the video. (see Figure 2.4)
b) Videos
2. Fill each folder with corresponding files.
(see example below as your reference)

6. Click the F5 in the keyboard or Start from

Beginning icon that you see in the upper right
part to play the inserted movie or video. (see
Figure 2.5)

Adding Pictures
1. In your desktop, create a PowerPoint 7. Click Esc in the keyboard or click End Show to
Presentation and name it ‘My stop the video. (see Figure 2.6)
Presentation’.
2. On the first slide, click Insert > Pictures >
Pictures from File. The Insert Pictures
dialog box will appear. (see Figure 2.1)

HYPERLINKING
1. Add another slide click Home > New Slide
3. Locate the pictures in the folder where
> Choose Theme for the hyperlink or you
your pictures are saved. Select the file and
can use the previous slide. (see Figure 2.7)
click Insert. (see figure 2.2)
2. Use images, text, URL (copy and paste the
URL you want to use from browser) or
shapes when hyperlinking. (see Figure 2.8)

3. Start by writing your texts in the slide. NOTE: Editing Hyperlink If you want to update
(see Figure 2.9) the link, right-click on the link and click on Edit
Link. You can remove link by pressing Remove
Link.

4. Highlight the text and press right click >

Link. (see Figure 10)

5. Insert Hyperlink > click Place in This

Document > Choose a slide and press OK.
(see Figure 2.11)

6. Save

keyboard or click File > Save. (see Figure

2.12)