MUSCLE

TISSUE

 Muscle cells are derived from mesoderm  Smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum-

except for a few, such as those in the iris sarcoplasmic reticulum
of the eye that arise from ectoderm.
 Mitochondria- sarcosomes
 Muscle cells are elongated cells-that is
why they are referred to as muscle fiber-
are individually enveloped by basal
lamina
 Cell membrane- sarcolemma
 Cytoplasm- sarcoplasm

 Smallest muscle in the body?

 Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup,
the small bone that sends vibrations from the
MUSCLE FACTS eardrum to the inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch
(0.13 centimeter) in length.
 Largest muscle in the body?
 Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle pair that
covers the middle and lower back.
 Longest muscle in the body?
 Sartorius: the straplike muscle that runs diagonally
from the waist down across the front of the thigh
to the knee.

 Strongest muscle in the body?  Number of muscles used to make a

 Gluteus maximus: the muscle pair of the hip smile?
that form most of the flesh of the buttocks.  Seventeen.
 Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?  Number of muscles used to make a
 Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles frown?
the eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts  Forty-three.
in less than 0.01 second.
 TYPES
 Skeletal muscle -
comprises muscles from
the bones and
cartilage.
 Voluntary muscle (limbs,
body wall, face)
 Involuntary muscle
(pharynx, upper
esophagus
 Skeletal muscle
contraction is
characteristically quick
and forceful

Skeletal Muscle Cells

 Are long , tapering, cylindrical and  The sarcoplasm is acidophilic, it contains
multinucleated cells that vary in length (10-35 golgi complex, mitochondria,
cm) and diameter (10-100um) endoplasmic reticulum
 Arise in the embryo from the fusion of  The sarcoplasm contains dissolved
mononuclear muscle cell precursors called myoglobin (O binding CHON responsible
myoblasts.
for the brownish color of muscle)
 Have oval nuclei (multinucleated), the nuclei
are longitudinally oriented and located in the  Most noteworthy feature is the presence
peripheral portion of the cells, near the of numerous long but thin filamentous
sarcolemma elements called myofibrils

MYOFIBRILS ZONES IN MYOFIBRILS

 There are 5,000 to 10,000 myofibrils per muscle  Z- line (Zwischenscheiben line, band or
fiber that vary in diameter from 1 to 2 um. disc), bisects the I-band.
 When viewed in longitudinal section under
 The A-band has lighter mid portion called H
light microscope, a skeletal muscle cell looks
striated band (Heller Band) that is further bisected
by a thin dark stripe, the M-line
 The light bands are called Isotropic Bands (I
bands) because they do not alter polarized (Mittelscheibe line).
light while dark bands are called Anisotropic
bands (A-bands) because they display
birefringence in polarized light

SARCOMERE TWO TYPES OF MYOFILAMENTS

A myofibril is made up of small contractile  Thick filaments-occupy the middle zone of
units called sarcomeres a sarcomere
 A sarcomere is a collection of thread like  They span the region of the A-band
structures called filaments (myofilaments)  Are 10-15 nm in diameter and 1.6 um in
that number 1,000 to 2,000 length
 Aligned by the attachment of their
midpoints at the M-line
 CHONS IN MUSCLE FILAMENTS
 Thin filaments occupy the peripheral Thin Filaments
zones of a sarcomere  Actin
 Numerous  Tropomyosin
 5-6 nm and 1.0um in length  Troponin
 Attached to each side of the Z-lines Thick Filaments
 Myosin

SKELETAL MUSCLE Tissue Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

 Can be controlled
voluntarily  Red Muscle fibers- are smaller and have a
richer blood supply than white fibers.
 Cells attach to connective
 Red Muscle Fibers are called slow twitch
tissue
muscle fibers because they contract at a
 Cells are striated slower rate than white fibers (e.x. back muscle
 Cells have more than one postural muscles of neck and leg)
nucleus  White muscle fibers are called fast twitch
muscle fibers because they contract at a
faster rate than red muscle fibers.(ex.
Gastrocnemius)

Figure 3.20a

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

 Theircontraction is more forceful but they
 Found only in the
fatigue faster heart
 The intermediate muscle fibers have  Function is to pump
morphological and physiological blood (involuntary)
characteristics that are in between red  Cells attached to
and white muscle fibers other cardiac muscle
cells at intercalated
disks
 Cells are striated
 One nucleus per cell

Figure 3.20b

CARDIAC MUSCLE
 Occurs only in the  Consists of cardiac muscle fibers that are
heart and sometimes
in small areas in the bound together by connective tissue,
wall of some big where numerous capillaries and fine
blood vessels that nerve fibers are embedded, to form
are attached to the
heart. bundles or fascicles
 It is striated and its  Perimysium surrounds each fascicle
contraction is
forceful but not
under conscious
control
Cardiac Muscle Cell
 Are cylindrical cells that are much shorter  Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated
than skeletal muscle cells their average discs – under light microscope they
length is 50 to 100um and average appear to form syncytium because their
diameter is 15 um terminal branches are attached end to
 Contains 1 to 2 nuclei and are centrally end to the terminal branches of their
located (pale stained) neighbors via specialized junctional
 Sarcoplasm is more abundant, complexes called intercalated discs.
mitochondria more numerous and larger
and filled with myofibrils.

Smooth Muscle Tissue SMOOTH MUSCLE

 Comprises the
 Involuntary muscle muscular
 Surrounds hollow component of the
organs wall and
parenchyma of most
 Attached to other
visceral organs
smooth muscle cells
 Walls of blood vessels
 No visible striations
and skin
 One nucleus per cell
 Involuntary muscles

Figure 3.20c

3 types of
muscle
tissue:
skeletal,
smooth,
cardiac