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TextbookQ&a(M1)

Machine learning is essential for businesses as it enhances decision-making, automates tasks, and improves customer experiences by detecting patterns in data. Factors driving its popularity include the availability of big data, advancements in computing power, and the need for automation and personalization. The document also distinguishes between various machine learning concepts, such as models, patterns, and types of learning, while providing examples of applications in different industries.

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2 views

TextbookQ&a(M1)

Machine learning is essential for businesses as it enhances decision-making, automates tasks, and improves customer experiences by detecting patterns in data. Factors driving its popularity include the availability of big data, advancements in computing power, and the need for automation and personalization. The document also distinguishes between various machine learning concepts, such as models, patterns, and types of learning, while providing examples of applications in different industries.

Uploaded by

sahanasaana19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Learning(BCS601)

Module O1
1. Why is machine learning needed for business organizations?
Machine learning helps businesses make better decisions, automate tasks, improve
customer experiences, and detect patterns in data to increase efficiency and profits.
How do we detect patterns in data : We detect patterns in data by using techniques like
data visualization, statistical analysis, and machine learning algorithms. These methods
help find trends, correlations, and hidden insights.
Example:
(i) A shopping website analyses customer purchases and notices that people who buy
phones often buy phone cases too. This pattern helps the website recommend phone cases
to customers, increasing sales.
(ii) if a store notices that more ice cream is sold on hot days, this is a pattern that can be
used to predict future sales.

2. List out the factors that drive the popularity of machine learning.
Big Data: More data is available for analysis.
Computing Power: Faster and cheaper computers.
Better Algorithms: More accurate and efficient models.
Automation: Reduces manual work and improves efficiency.
Business Benefits: Helps in decision-making and customer insights.
AI Growth: Used in self-driving cars, chatbots, and more.
Personalization: Improves user experience in apps and websites.

3. What is a model?
A model in machine learning is a program that learns from data to make predictions or
decisions. It identifies patterns in the data and applies them to new inputs.
Example:
A spam detection model learns from past emails (spam and non-spam) to classify new
emails correctly.

4. Distinguish between the terms: Data, Information, Knowledge, and Intelligence.


5. How is machine learning linked to AI, Data Science, and Statistics?
Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence (AI):
AI is a broad field that enables machines to simulate human intelligence.
Machine learning is a subset of AI that allows computers to learn from data and improve
their performance without being explicitly programmed.
Example:
Voice Assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)
AI powers voice assistants to understand and respond to human speech.
Machine learning enables them to recognize patterns in voice commands and improve
responses over time.
Self-Driving Cars (Tesla, Waymo)
AI helps self-driving cars make real-time decisions.
Machine learning allows them to learn from past driving experiences, identify objects, and
improve safety.
Machine Learning & Data Science(DS):
Data Science involves collecting, processing, and analysing data to extract insights.
Machine learning helps data scientists build models to predict outcomes and uncover
hidden patterns in data.
Example:
E-commerce (Amazon, Flipkart,)
Data scientists analyse customer behaviour (what they buy, browse, or abandon in their
carts).
Machine learning models suggest personalized product recommendations (like
"Customers who bought this also bought...").
Streaming Services (Netflix, YouTube, Spotify)
Data science analyses user viewing/listening habits.
ML algorithms recommend movies, videos, or songs based on past preferences.
Machine Learning & Statistics:
Statistics provides the foundation for machine learning models.
Concepts like probability, regression, and hypothesis testing help in training ML
algorithms.
Example:
Healthcare (Disease Prediction & Diagnosis)
Statistical models help analyse patient data (age, symptoms, medical history).
ML uses statistical techniques to predict diseases like diabetes or cancer early.
Fraud Detection (Banking & Finance)
Banks use statistical models to detect unusual spending patterns.
ML improves fraud detection by continuously learning from new fraud attempts and
flagging suspicious transactions.

6. List out the types of machine learning.


7. List out the differences between a model and pattern. Patterns are local and model is
global for entire dataset – Justity.
Patterns in machine learning are local because they exist in specific parts of the dataset, showing
trends or relationships in certain conditions. For example, ice cream sales increase in summer, but
this pattern does not apply year-round. On the other hand, a model is global as it learns from
multiple patterns across the entire dataset to make predictions. A model predicting house prices,
for instance, considers various factors like location, size, and demand, rather than relying on just
one trend. Therefore, patterns provide localized insights, while models generalize them to make
accurate decisions on new data.

8. Are classification and clustering are same or different? Justify.


Classification: Assigns labels to data (identifying emails as spam or not). Clustering:
Groups similar data without predefined labels (grouping customers by behaviour).
Classification and clustering are different because classification is a supervised learning
technique, while clustering is unsupervised learning. In classification, the model learns
from labeled data (emails marked as spam or not spam) and assigns new data points to
predefined categories. In contrast, clustering finds hidden patterns in unlabelled data by
grouping similar items together (segmenting customers based on shopping behaviour).
Classification is used when the categories are known, whereas clustering is useful for
discovering natural groupings. Thus, classification is about prediction with labels, while
clustering is about finding structure without prior labels.
9. List out the differences between labelled and unlabelled data.

10. List out the differences between labelled and unlabelled data.
11. Point out the differences between supervised and unsupervised learning.
12. What are the differences between classification and regression?
13. What is a semi-supervised learning?
14. List out the differences between reinforced learning and supervised learning.
15. List out important classification and clustering algorithms.
16. List out at least five major applications of machine learning.

Explain in detail:
1. Explain in detail the machine learning process model.
2. List out and briefly explain the classification algorithms.
3. List out and briefly explain the unsupervised algorithms.
4. Let us assume a regression algorithm generates a model y = 0.54 + 0.66 x for data
pertaining to week sales data of a product. Here, x is the week and y is the product
sales. Find the prediction for the 5th and 8th week.

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