College Algebra Concepts Through Functions 4th Edition Sullivan Solutions Manual pdf download
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Chapter 6
Systems of Equations and Inequalities
Section 6.1 2(2) (1) 4 1 5
1. 3x 4 8 x 5(2) 2(1) 10 2 8
4x 4 Each equation is satisfied, so x 2, y 1 , or
x 1 (2, 1) , is a solution of the system of equations.
The solution set is 1 .
3 x 2 y 2
10.
2. a. 3x 4 y 12 x 7 y 30
x-intercept: 3x 4 0 12 Substituting the values of the variables:
3x 12 3( 2) 2(4) 6 8 2
x4 ( 2) 7(4) 2 28 30
y-intercept: 3 0 4 y 12 Each equation is satisfied, so x 2, y 4 , or
4 y 12 ( 2, 4) , is a solution of the system of equations.
y3
3x 4 y 4
11. 1 1
2 x 3 y 2
Substituting the values of the variables:
1
3(2) 4 2 6 2 4
(2) 3 1 1 3 1
1
2
2 2 2
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
x y 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 6 6 4 4
13. 1
2 3 2 2 2 6 2 10
2 x y 3
Substituting the values of the variables, we obtain: 5 2 2 2 3 2 10 4 6 8
Each equation is satisfied, so x 2 , y 2 ,
4 1 3
z 2 , or (2, 2, 2) is a solution of the system of
1
2 (4) 1 2 1 3 equations.
Each equation is satisfied, so x 4, y 1 , or
4x 5z 6
(4, 1) , is a solution of the system of equations.
18. 5 y z 17
x 6 y 5 z 24
x y 3
14. Substituting the values of the variables:
3x y 1
4 4 5 2 16 10 6
Substituting the values of the variables:
2 5 2 5 3 5 3 2 15 2 17
3 2 5 6 5 1 4 6 3 5 2 4 18 10 24
Each equation is satisfied, so x 2, y 5 , or Each equation is satisfied, so x 4 , y 3 ,
( 2, 5) , is a solution of the system of equations. z 2 , or (4, 3, 2) , is a solution of the system
of equations.
3x 3 y 2 z 4
x y 8
15. x y z 0 19.
2 y 3z 8 x y 4
Solve the first equation for y, substitute into the
Substituting the values of the variables: second equation and solve:
3(1) 3(1) 2(2) 3 3 4 4 y 8 x
1 (1) 2 1 1 2 0 x y 4
2( 1) 3(2) 2 6 8
x (8 x) 4
Each equation is satisfied, so x 1, y 1, z 2 , x 8 x 4
or (1, 1, 2) , is a solution of the system of 2 x 12
equations. x6
Since x 6, y 8 6 2 . The solution of the
4x z 7
system is x 6, y 2 or using ordered pairs
16. 8 x 5 y z 0
x y 5 z 6 (6, 2) .
Substituting the values of the variables:
4 2 1 8 1 7
8 2 5 3 1 16 15 1 0
2 3 5 1 2 3 5 6
Each equation is satisfied, so x 2 , y 3 ,
z 1 , or (2, 3, 1) , is a solution of the system of
equations.
3x 3 y 2 z 4
17. x 3 y z 10
5 x 2 y 3 z 8
Substituting the values of the variables:
665
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
x 2 y 7
20.
x y 3
Solve the first equation for x, substitute into the
second equation and solve:
x 7 2 y
x y 3
(7 2 y ) y 3
7 y 3
4 y
Since y 4, x 7 2(4) 1 . The solution
x 3y 5
of the system is x 1, y 4 or using an 22.
2 x 3 y 8
ordered pair, (1, 4) .
Add the equations:
x 3 y 5
2 x 3 y 8
3x 3
x 1
Substitute and solve for y:
1 3 y 5
3y 6
y2
The solution of the system is x 1, y 2 or
using ordered pairs (1, 2) .
5 x y 21
21.
2 x 3 y 12
Multiply each side of the first equation by 3 and
add the equations to eliminate y:
15 x 3 y 63
2 x 3 y 12
17 x 51
x3
Substitute and solve for y:
5(3) y 21
15 y 21
y 6
y 6
The solution of the system is x 3, y 6 or
using ordered an pair 3, 6 .
666
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
3x 24
23.
x 2 y 0
Solve the first equation for x and substitute into
the second equation:
x8
x 2 y 0
8 2y 0
2y 8
y 4
The solution of the system is x 8, y 4 or
using ordered pairs (8, 4)
3x 6 y 2
25.
5 x 4 y 1
Multiply each side of the first equation by 2 and
each side of the second equation by 3, then add
to eliminate y:
6 x 12 y 4
15 x 12 y 3
21x 7
1
x
3
Substitute and solve for y:
4 x 5 y 3 3 1/ 3 6 y 2
24. 1 6y 2
2y 8
Solve the second equation for y and substitute 6y 1
into the first equation: 1
y
4 x 5 y 3 6
y4 1 1
The solution of the system is x , y or
3 6
4 x 5(4) 3
1 1
4 x 20 3 using ordered pairs , .
3 6
4 x 23
23
x
4
23
The solution of the system is x , y 4 or
4
23
using ordered pairs , 4 .
4
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
2
2 x 4 y
26. 3
3x 5 y 10
Multiply each side of the first equation by 5 and
each side of the second equation by 4, then add
to eliminate y:
10
10 x 20 y
3
12 x 20 y 40
110
22 x
3
5
x
3
Substitute and solve for y: x y 5
3 5 / 3 5 y 10 28.
3x 3 y 2
5 5 y 10 Solve the first equation for x, substitute into the
5 y 5 second equation and solve:
y 1 x y 5
5 3x 3 y 2
The solution of the system is x , y 1 or
3 3( y 5) 3 y 2
5 3 y 15 3 y 2
using ordered pairs , 1 .
3 0 17
This equation is false, so the system is inconsistent.
2x y 1
27.
4 x 2 y 3
Solve the first equation for y, substitute into the
second equation and solve:
y 1 2x
4 x 2 y 3
4 x 2(1 2 x) 3
4x 2 4x 3
0 1
This equation is false, so the system is inconsistent.
668
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
669
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
670
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
671
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
1 1 2 y 3z 4
y . The solution of the system is
v 3 2y z 4
1 1 1 1 4z 0
x , y or using ordered pairs , .
5 3 5 3 z0
Substituting and solving for the other variables:
4 3 2y 0 4 2 x 3(0) 16
x y 0
2y 4 2 x 16
42.
6 3 2 y2 x 8
x 2 y
The solution is x 8, y 2, z 0 or using
1 1 ordered triples (8, 2, 0).
Rewrite letting u , v :
x y
4u 3v 0 2x y 4
3 44. 2 y 4 z 0
6u 2 v 2 3 x 2 z 11
Multiply each side of the second equation by 2, Multiply each side of the first equation by 2 and
and add the equations to eliminate v: add to the second equation to eliminate y:
4u 3v 0 4x 2 y 8
12u 3v 4 2 y 4z 0
16u 4 4x 4z 8
4 1 1
u Multiply each side of the result by and add to
16 4 2
Substitute and solve for v: the original third equation to eliminate z:
1 2x 2z 4
4 3v 0
4 3x 2 z 11
1 3v 0 5x 15
3v 1 x 3
1 Substituting and solving for the other variables:
v
3 2(3) y 4 3(3) 2 z 11
1 1 6 y 4 9 2 z 11
Thus, x 4, y 3 . The solution of the
u v y2 2z 2
system is x 4, y 3 or using ordered pairs z 1
(4, 3). The solution is x 3, y 2, z 1 or using
ordered triples (3, 2, 1) .
x y 6
43. 2 x 3 z 16
x 2 y 3z 7
2 y z 4
45. 2 x y z 4
Multiply each side of the first equation by –2 and 3x 2 y 2 z 10
add to the second equation to eliminate x: Multiply each side of the first equation by –2 and
2 x 2 y 12 add to the second equation to eliminate x; and
2x 3 z 16 multiply each side of the first equation by 3 and
2 y 3z 4 add to the third equation to eliminate x:
2 x 4 y 6 z 14
Multiply each side of the result by –1 and add to
the original third equation to eliminate y: 2x y z 4
5 y 5 z 10
672
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
673
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
x 2 y z 5 eliminate z:
3x 4 y z 1 4x 6 y 2z 0
3x 2 y 2 z 2
2x 2 y 6
7x 4y 2
Multiply each side of the first result by –2 and add
to the second result to eliminate y: 6 x 9 y 3z 0
2 x 2 y 10 x 5 y 3z 2
2x 2 y 6 7x 4y 2
0 2
Multiply each side of the first result by –1 and
This equation is false, so the system is inconsistent.
add to the second result to eliminate y:
7 x 4 y 2
x y z 1
7x 4y 2
49. x 2 y 3 z 4
3x 2 y 7 z 0 0 0
Add the first and second equations to eliminate The system is dependent. If y is any real
x; multiply the first equation by –3 and add to 4 2
the third equation to eliminate x: number, then x y .
7 7
x y z 1 Solving for z in terms of x in the first equation:
x 2 y 3z 4 z 2x 3y
y 4z 3 4y 2
2 3y
7
3x 3 y 3 z 3 8 y 4 21 y
3x 2 y 7 z 0 7
13 y 4
y 4 z 3
7
Multiply each side of the first result by –1 and 4 2
add to the second result to eliminate y: The solution is ( x, y, z ) x y ,
7 7
y 4z 3
y 4 z 3
13 4
z y , y is any real number .
7 7
0 0
The system is dependent. If z is any real 2 x 2 y 3z 6
number, then y 4 z 3 .
51. 4 x 3 y 2 z 0
Solving for x in terms of z in the first equation: 2 x 3 y 7 z 1
x (4 z 3) z 1
x 4z 3 z 1 Multiply the first equation by –2 and add to the
second equation to eliminate x; add the first and
x 5z 3 1 third equations to eliminate x:
x 5z 2 4 x 4 y 6 z 12
The solution is {( x, y , z ) x 5 z 2, y 4 z 3 , 4x 3 y 2z 0
z is any real number}. y 4 z 12
2x 3y z 0 2 x 2 y 3z 6
2x 3y 7z 1
50. 3x 2 y 2 z 2
x 5 y 3z 2 y 4z 7
Multiply the first equation by 2 and add to the Multiply each side of the first result by –1 and
second equation to eliminate z; multiply the first add to the second result to eliminate y:
equation by 3 and add to the third equation to
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
11x 33 8
3 6z 1
x 3 3
Substituting and solving for the other variables: 2
3(3) 2 y 10 6z
3
9 2 y 10 1
2 y 1 z
9
1 8 1
y The solution is x 3, y , z or using
2 3 9
1 8 1
3 2 z 3 ordered triplets 3, , .
2 3 9
3 1 z 3
57. Let l be the length of the rectangle and w be
z 1 the width of the rectangle. Then:
z 1 l 2w and 2l 2w 90
1 Solve by substitution:
The solution is x 3, y , z 1 or using
2 2(2 w) 2w 90
1 4 w 2w 90
ordered triplets 3, , 1 .
2
6w 90
x 4 y 3z 8 w 15 feet
l 2(15) 30 feet
56. 3x y 3 z 12
x y 6z 1 The floor is 15 feet by 30 feet.
Add the first and second equations to eliminate 58. Let l be the length of the rectangle and w be
z; multiply the first equation by 2 and add to the
the width of the rectangle. Then:
third equation to eliminate z:
x 4 y 3z 8 l w 50 and 2l 2w 3000
3x y 3z 12 Solve by substitution:
2( w 50) 2w 3000
4x 3 y 4
2 w 100 2w 3000
2 x 8 y 6 z 16 4w 2900
x y 6z 1 w 725 meters
3x 9 y 15 l 725 50 775 meters
Multiply each side of the second result by 1/ 3 The dimensions of the field are 775 meters by
and add to the first result to eliminate y: 725 meters.
4x 3y 4
59. Let x = the number of commercial launches and
x 3y 5 y = the number of noncommercial launches.
3x 9 Then: x y 85 and y 3 x 1
x3 Solve by substitution:
Substituting and solving for the other variables: x (3 x 1) 85 y 3(21) 1
3 3 y 5
4 x 84 y 63 1
3y 8
x 21 y 64
8
y In 2016 there were 21 commercial launches and 64
3 noncommercial launches.
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
60. Let x = the number of adult tickets sold and 63. Let s = the price of a smartphone and t = the
y = the number of senior tickets sold. Then: price of a tablet. Then:
x y 325 s t 1365
340 s 250t 379500
9 x 7 y 2495
Solve the first equation for y: y 325 x Solve the first equation for t: t 1365 s
Solve by substitution: Solve by substitution:
9 x 7(325 x) 2495 340 s 250(1365 s ) 379500
9 x 2275 7 x 2495 340 s 341250 250 s 379500
2 x 220 90 s 38250
x 110 s 425
y 325 110 215 t 1365 425 940
The price of the smartphone is $425.00 and the
There were 110 adult tickets sold and 215 senior price of the tablet is $940.00.
citizen tickets sold.
64. Let x = the amount invested in AA bonds.
61. Let x = the number of pounds of cashews.
Let y = the amount invested in the Bank
Let y = is the number of pounds in the mixture.
The value of the cashews is 5 x . Certificate.
The value of the peanuts is 1.50(30) = 45. a. Then x y 300, 000 represents the total
The value of the mixture is 3 y . investment.
Then x 30 y represents the amount of mixture. 0.05 x 0.025 y 12, 000 represents the
5 x 45 3 y represents the value of the mixture. earnings on the investment.
Solve by substitution:
Solve by substitution: 0.05(300, 000 y ) 0.025 y 12, 000
5 x 45 3( x 30)
15, 000 0.05 y 0.025 y 12, 000
2 x 45
0.025 y 3000
x 22.5
y 120, 000
So, 22.5 pounds of cashews should be used in
the mixture. x 300, 000 120, 000 180, 000
Thus, $180,000 should be invested in AA
62. Let x = the number of liters of 30% solution and bonds and $120,000 in a Bank Certificate.
y = the number liters of 65% solution. Then:
b. Then x y 300, 000 represents the total
x y 14
investment.
0.30 x 0.65 y 0.40(14) 0.05 x 0.025 y 14, 000 represents the
Solve the first equation for y: y 14 x earnings on the investment.
Solve by substitution:
Solve by substitution:
0.30 x 0.65(14 x) 5.6
0.05(300, 000 y ) 0.025 y 14, 000
0.3x 9.1 0.65 x 5.6
15, 000 0.05 y 0.025 y 14, 000
0.35 x 3.5
0.025 y 1000
x 10
y 40, 000
y 14 10 4
x 300, 000 40, 000 260, 000
The chemist needs 10 liters of the 30% solution
Thus, $260,000 should be invested in AA
and 4 liters of the 65% solution.
bonds and $40,000 in a Bank Certificate.
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
65. Let x = the plane’s average airspeed and y = the 25 x 45(200 x ) 7400
average wind speed. 25 x 9000 45 x 7400
Rate Time Distance 20 x 1600
With Wind x y 3 600 x 80
Against x y 4 600 y 200 80 120
Thus, 80 sets of the $25 dishes and 120 sets of
( x y )(3) 600 the $45 dishes should be ordered.
( x y )(4) 600
1 68. Let x = the cost of a hot dog.
Multiply each side of the first equation by , Let y = the cost of a soft drink.
3
Setting up the equations and solving by
1
multiply each side of the second equation by , substitution:
4
10 x 5 y 35.00
and add the result to eliminate y
x y 200 7 x 4 y 25.25
x y 150 10 x 5 y 35.00
2 x 350 2x y 7
x 175 y 7 2x
175 y 200 7 x 4(7 2 x ) 25.25
y 25
7 x 28 8 x 25.25
The average airspeed of the plane is 175 mph,
x 2.75
and the average wind speed is 25 mph.
x 2.75
66. Let x = the average wind speed and y = the y 7 2(2.75) 1.50
distance. A single hot dog costs $2.75 and a single soft
Rate Time Distance drink costs $1.50.
With Wind 150 x 2 y 69. Let x = the cost per package of bacon.
Against 150 x 3 y Let y = the cost of a carton of eggs.
(150 x)(2) y Set up a system of equations for the problem:
3x 2 y 13.45
(150 x)(3) y
Solve by substitution: 2 x 3 y 11.45
(150 x)(2) (150 x)(3) Multiply each side of the first equation by 3 and
each side of the second equation by –2 and solve
300 2 x 450 3x by elimination:
5 x 150 9 x 6 y 40.35
x 30 4 x 6 y 22.90
Thus, the average wind speed is 30 mph.
5x 17.45
67. Let x = the number of $25-design. x 3.49
Let y = the number of $45-design. Substitute and solve for y:
Then x y = the total number of sets of dishes. 3(3.49) 2 y 13.45
25 x 45 y = the cost of the dishes. 10.47 2 y 13.45
Setting up the equations and solving by 2 y 2.98
substitution: y 1.49
x y 200 A package of bacon costs $3.49 and a carton of
25 x 45 y 7400 eggs cost $1.49. The refund for 2 packages of
Solve the first equation for y, the solve by bacon and 2 cartons of eggs will be
substitution: y 200 x 2($3.49) + 2($1.49) = $9.96.
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
70. Let x = Pamela’s average speed in still water. 72. Let x = the # of units of powder 1.
Let y = the speed of the current. Let y = the # of units of powder 2.
Rate Time Distance Setting up the equations and solving by
substitution:
Downstream x y 3 15
0.2 x 0.4 y 12 vitamin B12
Upstream x y 5 15
0.3 x 0.2 y 12 vitamin E
Set up a system of equations for the problem:
3( x y ) 15 Multiplying each equation by 10 yields
2 x 4 y 120
5( x y ) 15
1 6 x 4 y 240
Multiply each side of the first equation by ,
3 Subtracting the bottom equation from the top
1 equation yields
multiply each side of the second equation by , 2 x 4 y 6 x 4 y 120 240
5
and add the result to eliminate y: 4 x 120
x y 5 x 30
x y 3 2 30 4 y 120
2x 8 60 4 y 120
x4 4 y 60
4 y 5 60
y 15
y 1 4
Pamela's average speed is 4 miles per hour and So 30 units of powder 1 should be mixed with 15
the speed of the current is 1 mile per hour. units of powder 2.
680
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
681
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
682
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Section 6.1: Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
683
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
684
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Section 6.2: Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
89. 4. True
5. b
6. c
685
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
686
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Section 6.2: Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
R2 4r1 r2 1 3 4 6 x 3 y 4 z 6
1 3 3 5 24. 6 5 6 6 6 x 5 y 6 z 6
4 5 3 5
1 1 4 6 x y 4 z 6
3 2 4 6
a. R2 6r1 r2
1 3 3 5
4(1) 4 4( 3) 5 4(3) 3 4(5) 5
1 3 4 6
6 5 6 6
3 2 4 6
1 1 4 6
1 3 3 5
1 3 4 6
0 17 9 25
6(1) 6 6(3) 5 6(4) 6 6( 6) 6
3 2 4 6
1
1 4 6
R3 3r1 r3 1 3 4 6
1 3 3 5 0 13 30 30
4 5 3 5 1 1 4 6
3 2 4 6 b. R3 r1 r3
1 3 3 5 1 3 4 6 1 3 4 6
0 17 9 25 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6
3(1) 3 3(3) 2 3(3) 4 3(5) 6 1 1 4 6 1 1 3 1 4 4 6 6
1 3 3 5 1 3 4 6
0 17 9 25 6 5 6 6
0 11 13 9 0 2 0 0
1 3 2 6 x 3 y 2 z 6
5 3 1 2 5 x 3 y z 2
23. 2 5 3 4 2 x 5 y 3z 4
25. 2 5 6 2 2 x 5 y 6 z 2
3 6 4 6 3x 6 y 4 z 6
4 1 4 6 4 x y 4 z 6
R2 2r1 r2 R1 2r2 r1
1 3 2 6 5 3 1 2
2 5 3 4 2 5 6
2
3 6 4 6 4 1 4 6
1 3 2 6 2(2) 5 2( 5) 3 2(6) 1 2(2) 2
2(1) 2 2(3) 5 2(2) 3 2(6) 4 2 5 6 2
3 6 4 6 4 1 4 6
1 3 2 6 1 7 11 2
0 1 1 8 2 5 6 2
3 6 4 6 4 1 4 6
R3 3r1 r3 R3 2r2 r3
1 3 2 6
0 1 1 8 1 7 11 2
2 5 6 2
3 6 4 6
1 3 2 6 4 1 4 6
0 1 1 8 1 7 11 2
3(1) 3 3(3) 6 3(2) 4 3(6) 6 2 5 6 2
1 3 2 6 2(2) (4) 2( 5) 1 2(6) 4 2(2) 6
0 1 1 8 1 7 11 2
0 15 10 12 2 5 6 2
0 9 16 2
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
4 3 1 2 4 x 3 y z 2 x 2 z 1
26. 3 5 2 6 3x 5 y 2 z 6 31. y 4 z 2
3 6 4 6 3x 6 y 4 z 6 00
R1 r2 r1 Consistent;
4 3 1 2 x 1 2 z
3 5 2 6
y 2 4 z
3 6 4 6 z is any real number
(3) 4 ( 5) 3 (2) 1 (6) 2 or {( x, y, z ) | x 1 2 z , y 2 4 z, z is any
3 5 2 6 real number}
3 6 4 6
1 2 3 4 x 4z 4
3 5 2 6
32. y 3 z 2
3 6 4 6 00
R3 r2 r3 Consistent;
1 2 3 4 x 4 4z
3 5 2 6
y 2 3z
3 6 4 6 z is any real number
1 2 3 4 or {( x, y, z ) | x 4 4 z, y 2 3 z, z is any real
3 5 2 6
number}
3 (3) 5 (6) 2 4 6 6
1 2 3 4 x1 1
3 5 2 6
33. x2 x4 2
0 11 6 12 x 2x 3
3 4
Consistent;
x 5
27. x1 1
y 1
x2 2 x4
Consistent; x 5, y 1, or using ordered pairs
(5, 1) . x3 3 2 x4
x4 is any real number
x 4 or {( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x1 1, x2 2 x4 ,
28.
y 0 x3 3 2 x4 , x4 is any real number}
Consistent; x 4, y 0, or using ordered pairs
x1 1
( 4, 0) .
34. x2 2 x4 2
x 3x 0
x 1 3 4
Consistent;
29. y 2
0 3 x1 1
Inconsistent x2 2 2 x4
x3 3x4
x 0 x4 is any real number
30. y 0 or {( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x1 1, x2 2 2 x4 , x3 3 x4 ,
0 2
x4 is any real number}
Inconsistent
688
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Section 6.2: Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
x1 4 x4 2 x1 1
35. x2 x3 3x4 3 x2 2
00 x3 3
Consistent; x4 0
x1 2 4 x4 or (1, 2,3, 0)
x2 3 x3 3 x4
x , x are any real numbers x y 8
3 4 39.
or {( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x1 2 4 x4 , x2 3 x3 3x4 , x y 4
x3 and x4 are any real numbers} Write the augmented matrix:
1 1 8 1 1 8
x1 1 R2 r1 r2
1 1 4 0 2 4
36. x2 2 8
x 2x 3
3
1 1 R2 12 r2
4 0 1 2
Consistent;
0 6
x1 1 1 R1 r2 r1
0 1 2
x2 2 The solution is x 6, y 2 or using ordered
x3 3 2 x4 pairs (6, 2).
x4 is any real number
or {( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x1 1, x2 2, x3 3 2 x4 , x 2 y 5
40.
x4 is any real number} x y 3
Write the augmented matrix:
x1 x4 2 1 2 5 1 2 5
R2 r1 r2
x 2 x4 2 1 1 3 0 1 2
37. 2
x3 x4 0 1 2 5
00
R2 r2
0 1 2
Consistent; 0 1
x1 2 x4 1 R1 2r2 r1
0 1 2
x2 2 2 x4 The solution is x 1, y 2 or using ordered
x3 x4 pairs (1, 2).
x4 is any real number
or {( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x1 2 x4 , x2 2 2 x4 , 2 x 4 y 2
41.
x3 x4 , x4 is any real number} 3x 2 y 3
Write the augmented matrix:
2 4 2 1 2 1
R1 2 r1
x1 1 1
x2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3
38.
x3 3 1 2 1 R2 3r1 r2
x4 0 0 8 6
Consistent; 1 2 1
3 R2 18 r2
0 1 4
1 0 12
R1 2r2 r1
0 1 34
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
1 3 3x y 7
The solution is x , y or using ordered pairs
2 4 3x 7 y
1 3 The solution is y 3x 7, x is any real number
, .
2 4 or {( x, y ) | y 3x 7, x is any real number}
3x 3 y 3 2 x 3 y 6
42. 8 45. 1
4 x 2 y 3 x y 2
Write the augmented matrix: Write the augmented matrix:
3 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 6 1 3 3
8
3
R1 1 r1 2 R1 12 r1
4 2 3 4 2 3
8
1 1 2 1 1 2
1 1
1 1 1 3
3
R2 4r1 r2 1 2 R2 r1 r2
0 2 43 0 5 5
2 2
1 11 1 3 3
R2 12 r2 2
R2 52 r2
0 12
3 0 1 1
0 1 3
1 3 R1 r2 r1 1 0 2
R1 32 r2 r1
0 1 2 0 1 1
3
1 2 3 3
The solution is x , y or using ordered The solution is x , y 1 or , 1 .
3 3 2 2
1 2
pairs , . 1
3 3 46. 2 x y 2
x 2 y 8
x 2y 4
43. Write the augmented matrix:
2 x 4 y 8
Write the augmented matrix: 1 1 2 1 2 4
2 R1 2r1
1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 8 1 2 8
R2 2r1 r2
2 4 8 0 0 0 2 4 R r r
1 2 1 2
This is a dependent system. 0 4 12
x 2y 4
x 4 2y 1 2 4 R2 14 r2
0 1 3
The solution is x 4 2 y, y is any real number
0 2
or {( x, y ) | x 4 2 y, y is any real number} 1 R1 2r2 r1
0 1 3
3x y 7 The solution is x 2, y 3 or (2, 3) .
44.
9 x 3 y 21
Write the augmented matrix: 3x 5 y 3
47.
3 1 7 1
1 7 15 x 5 y 21
3 3 R1 13 r1 Write the augmented matrix:
9 3 21 9 3 21
-1 7
1 3 3 R2 9 r1 r2
0 0 0
This is a dependent system.
690
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Section 6.2: Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
3 5 3 1 5 1 1 0 3 8
3 R1 13 r1 2
R1 r2 r1
15 5 21 15 5 21
0 1 3
2 2
3 15
0 0 4 0 R3 2r2 r3
1 R2 15r1 r2
0 30 6 1 0 3 8
2
53 1
1 R2 30 1
r2 0 1 32 2
R3 14 r3
0 1 5 1 0 0 1 0
0 4 1 0 0 8
1 3
0 1 1
R1 53 r2 r1
0 1 0 2
R1 32 r3 r1
R2 3 r3 r2
5 0 0 1 0 2
4 1 4 1
The solution is x , y or , . The solution is x 8, y 2, z 0 or (8, 2, 0).
3 5 3 5
2 x y 1 2 x y 4
48. 1 3 50. 2 y 4 z 0
x 2 y 2 3x
2 z 11
2 1 1 1 1 Write the augmented matrix:
12
2
R1 12 r1 2 1 0 4
1 12 3 3
2
1
1 2 2
0 2 4 0
12 12 R 1r r 3
1 2 1 2 0 2 11
0 1 2
1 1
0 2
0 12 2
1 R1 12 r2 r1 0 2 4 0 R1 12 r1
0 1 2
3 0 2 11
1 1
The solution is x , y 2 or , 2 .
2 2 1 1
0 2
2
x y 6 0 2 4 0 R3 3r1 r3
49. 2 x 3 z 16 0 32 2 5
2y z 4
1 1
0 2
Write the augmented matrix: 2
1 1 0 6 0
1 2 0
R2 12 r2
32 2 5
2 0 3 16 0
0 2 1 4
1 0 1 2
R1 12 r2 r1
1 1 0 6 0 1 2 0
R3 3 r2 r3
0 0 5 5
0 2 3 4 R2 2r1 r2
2
0 2 1 4
1 0 1 2
1 1 0 6 0 1 2 0 R3 15 r3
0 0 1
0 1 32 2
R2 12 r2 1
0 2 1 4 1 0 0 3
R1 r3 r1
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1 R2 2r3 r2
The solution is x 3, y 2, z 1 or (3, 2, 1) .
691
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Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities
x 2 y 3z 7 1 1
32 0
2
51. 2 x y z 4
3x 2 y 2 z 10
0 1 2
3
73 R2 13 r2
0 11
2
3
2
7
Write the augmented matrix:
1 0 76 7
1 2 3 7 6
R1 12 r2 r1
0 1 23 73
2 1 1 4
R3 11 r2 r3
3
2 2 10 0 13 35 2
0 6 6
1 2 1 0 76 7
3 7 6
0 5 5 10
R2 2r1 r2
0 1 23 73 R3 136 r3
0 4 7 11 R3 3r1 r3 35
0 0 1 13
1 2 3 7 1 0 0 56
13
R1 76 r3 r1
0 1 1 2 R2 15 r2 0 1 0 13 7
R2 2 r3 r2
0 4 7 11 35 3
0 0 1 13
1 0 1 3 56 7 35
R1 2r2 r1 The solution is x , y , z or
0 1 1 2 13 13 13
0 0 3 3 R3 4r2 r3 56 7 35
, , .
13 13 13
1 0 1 3
0 1 1 2 R3 13 r3 2x 2 y 2z 2
0 0 1 1 53. 2 x 3 y z 2
3x 2 y
0
1 0 0 2
R1 r3 r1 Write the augmented matrix:
0 1 0 1
R2 r3 r2 2 2 2 2
0 0 1 1
3
2 1 2
The solution is x 2, y 1, z 1 or (2, 1, 1) . 3 0 0
2
2 x y 3z 0 1 1 1 1
52. 2 x 2 y z 7 2 3 1 2 R1 12 r1
3x 4 y 3z 7 3 2 0 0
Write the augmented matrix:
1 1 1 1
2 1 3 0 R2 2r1 r2
2 0 5 3 0
2 1 7
R3 3r1 r3
0 5 3 3
3 4 3 7
1 1
23 0 1 1 1 1
2
2 2 1 7 R1 12 r1 0 5 3 0 R3 r2 r3
3 4 3 7 0 0 0 3
There is no solution. The system is inconsistent.
1 1
32 0
2
R2 2r1 r2
0 3 2 7
0 11 3
7 R3 3r1 r3
2 2
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Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 6.2: Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
2x 3 y z 0 2x 3y z 0
54. x 2 y z 5 56. 3x 2 y 2 z 2
3x 4 y z 1 x 5 y 3z 2
Write the augmented matrix: Write the augmented matrix:
2 3 1 0 2 3 1 0
1 2 1 5 3 2 2 2
3 4 1 1 1 5 3 2
1 2 1 5 1 5 3 2
Interchange Interchange
2 3 1 0 r and r 3 2 2 2
1 2
3 4 1 1 2 3 1 0 r1 and r3
1 2 1 5 1
R2 2r1 r2 5 3 2
0 1 1 10 R 3r r R2 3r1 r2
3 3
0 13 7 4
0 2 2 16 1
0 13 7 4 R3 2r1 r3
1 2 1 5
1 5 3 2
0 1 1 10 R3 2r2 r3 R3 r2 r3
7 4
0 0 0 4 0 1 13
13
R2 131
r2
There is no solution. The system is inconsistent. 0 0 0 0
1 0 4 6
x y z 1 13 13
0 1 13 7 4
R1 5 r2 r1
55. x 2 y 3 z 4 13
3x 2 y 7 z 0 0 0 0 0
The matrix in the last step represents the system
Write the augmented matrix:
4 6
1 1 1 1 x 13 z 13
1 2 3 4 y 7 z 4
3 2 7 0 13 13
1 1 1 00
1
or, equivalently,
1 2 3 4 R1 r1
3 2 7 0 4 6
x 13 z 13
1 1 1 1
R r r y 7 z 4
0 1 4 3 2 1 2 13 13
R 3r1 r3
0 1 4 3 3 0 0
1 0 5 2 4 6 7 4
R r r The solution is x z , y z ,
0 1 4 3 1 2 1 13 13 13 13
R r2 r3
0 0
0 0 3 4 6
z is any real number or ( x, y, z ) x z ,
13 13
The matrix in the last step represents the system
x 5z 2 x 5z 2 7 4
y z , z is any real number .
13 13
y 4 z 3 or, equivalently, y 4z 3
0 0 0 0
The solution is x 5 z 2 , y 4 z 3 , z is any
real number or {( x, y, z ) | x 5 z 2, y 4 z 3, z
is any real number}.
693
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Language: German
F e r d i n a n d W u r z e r,
Doktor der Medicin, ord. Professor der Chemie, etc. zu
Bonn; der Römisch-Kaiserl. Akademie der Naturforscher,
der Königl. Preuß. Akad. nützl. Wissenschaften in Erfurt,
der Societät der Medicin zu Paris, der Med.-Chir.-Pharm.
Societät in Brüssel, der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in
Halle, der Physikal. in Göttingen, der Mineralog. in Jena,
der Herz. D. in Helmstädt, und der Societät der
Wissenschaften und Künste in Mainz Mitgliede; der Königl.
Societät der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
Correspondenten, so wie auch der Societé d’Emulation des
Rhein- und Mosel-Departements.
Süſse, heilige Natur! leite uns auf deiner
Spur.
Köln,
bei H a a s und S o h n, Buchhändlern auf
der Brücke.
XI. — 1803.
Observés la nature, et suivés la route,
qu’elle vous trace.
J. J. ROUSSEAU.
Seinem edlen,
und
unvergeßlichen Freunde,
dem
Herrn Joh. Friedrich
Westrumb,
Königl. Großbrittannischem Berg-Commissaire,
etc. etc.
Hochachtung
gewidmet
vom Verfasser.
Vorrede zur ersten Ausgabe.
Seite.
ingang 1
Ueber das Verhalten während der
Schwangerschaft 13
Ueber die Behandlung der Neugebohrnen 20
Ueber das Selbststillen 27
Warte und Pflege 48
Vom Schlafen 67
Von der Bewegung 72
Vom Essen und Trinken 77
Von der Kleidung 95
Vom Baden 113
Von den Blattern 123
Vom ersten Unterricht der Jugend 128
Von den gymnastischen Uebungen 146
Von den Findlingshäusern 156
Berichtigungen.