UNIT

03
Basic ICT Skills-l
Chapter Checklist ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It includes a diverse set
of technological tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store
ICT at Workplace and manage information.
ICT at Home ICT includes computers, Internet, broadcasting technologies and telephony. People use
eICT Tools: Smartphones and technology every day at home and at workplace. ICT tools enable anytime, anywhere
Tablets access to information and resources. The various ICT tools that are used include
Mobile Device Layout computes we use at work, smartphone through which we talk, Internet for getting
6Computer System information, communicating with others through E-mail and social networks, watching
movies etc.
Ports and Connections
Basic Computer Operations For example, to find a job you may have to search the Internet for job openings, create a
Files andFolders resume on a computer, use E-mail to send the resume, send messages through your
eCommunication and phone to communicate appear for telephonic interview and get your offer letter through
E-mail.
Networking ICT skills help us to communicate, run our business and stay connected with our family
introduction to E-mail
and friends. Hence, every person needs to acquire lCT skills and build them to stay
updated with the latest softwares and applications (apps).
The basic ICT skills that you need are knowing how to
" operate computers.
. browse the Internet for collecting, storing and disseminating information.

ICT at Workplace
ICT has become part of our workplace in all sectors of economy, money transactions
through online banking system, development of research papers in educational
institutions etc.
 AllinoneInformation Technology
40 Clas 9t
an idea or news occurring
At workplace, we used different computer softwares and in world is ofnow possible through social SOme
spreading
Thethe
whe
sites on the
applications to complete different tasks like making are now being used
documents, calculations, tables, graphs etc. We can also use Internet. Smartphonesmedia andl to sta
exchange
applications to do every day work, like buying things,
booking train ot bus tickets, Internet banking and making
connected with social
information
online payments. Smartphones
talking to peonl, ,
Mobile phones are ICT tools for With
Modern ICT employs a variety of media forms which smartphones are more advanced. a simple m
includes text, graphics, animation, audio and video. It also
involves creating, curating. managing images and
phone you can only make phone calls and receive call
With asmartphone, you can make calls and do thin
documents; gathering and processing data and presenting as brows
them: workingwith audio and video tools to create media that you normally do using acomputer, suchcalls, pla
rich communications. the web, sending E-mails, making video
movies and
games, listening to music, watching mur

ICT at Home more.

line. They
These days most of the people use television for Smartphones do not need a telephone and to conne
entertainment. New devices, such as smartphones with an wireless (mobile) networks to make calls
Internet connection are now being used to stay connected to the Internet. Some of the popular operating syste
with family and friends on a regular basis through social for smartphones are Android, Apple iOS and Windo
media networks, such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Mobile.
We use computers and mobile phones for talking to each
other, sending and receiving information, watching videos Tablets
and news, listening to music and playing games. For some activities, such as reading a book for
You can visit the following sites and know about the ICT longtimne, the screen of a mobile may be too small.
activities: such activities, we can use a tablet. A tablet is a m
Sector ICT used for Website computer with input, output and processing functio
Various activities related that are all combined into one touchscreen, where y
to research, http://dare.nic.in/ can do various tasks just by touching its screen. It
Agricuture development and
training in agriculture
https://bit. ly/2H3DJfU bigger than a smartphone and you can perform all t
and allied fields functions that one can perform on a computer or
Trainingprogrammes in http://rasci.in/ smartphone.
Retail the retail sector

Beauty Training programmes in TV and Radio

beauty and wellness http://ww.bwssc.in/
and
sector
TV and Radio are being used as an ICT toolsince a lor
Weliness
Training programmes in
time. Radio is used to broadcast audio while TV is use
Banking banking, financial http://www.bfsissc.com/
to broadcast audio-visual information to many peopi
and
Finanoe
services and insurance You can hear news, songs, stories, speeches, cricK
sector commentary etc on radio, while TV is used for watchin
Training programmes in http://sscamh.com/index movies, news, weather forcasting, songs, cartoons ar
Apparel Apparel sector Home.php educational lectures.
Training progranmes inhtto://sc-india.com/
Logistics Logistics sector
Healthcare
Training programmes in htp:/www.healthcare-ssc Applications or Apps
Healthcare sector Smartphones perform so many functions with the he
of software applications (Apps). On the screen
ICT Tools: Smartphones and smartphone or Tablet, you see a lot of small picturesl"
icons). If you touch these, they start programs
functions required for watching movies, playing ga
Tablets more using camera etc.
Smartphones and tablets are becoming more and them diferen!
use
important as most people carry them around and sharing Apps are software programs that perform onthe
in daily activities like sending E-mails and messages, functions. Some of the apps are already present
phone or tablet. These are called default apps.
pictures etc.
 BasicICTSkills-l 41

Besides, there are hundreds of other apps that can be

purchasedor downloaded free of cost from online stores. Mobile Device Layout
severall online stores, including
Google Play Store Some of the basic controls you see on mobile device are as
Thereare follows:
Androidphone andIApple App Store for Apple phone.
for
. Power button This is used to start and shut down a
Commonly found Applications mobile device.
Some of the default apps installed on all " Screen A screen on which we perform functions by
smartphones/mobiles are given below: touching with our fingers.
. Phone This app is used to make calls. It also stores the Back buton This is used to go back to the previous
contacts and call history. screen in an application.
. Calendar It shows a calendar and you can also enter Microphone This is present at the bottom of the mobile
appointments, remainders etc in it.
and used when we talk to someone.
, Camera lt is used to take photos and videos. Menu buton This is used to show the options available
.Mail This app is used to send and receive E-mails using in a particular app. This may not be present in all mobile
wour E-mail account in G-mail, Yahoo, Outlook etc. devices.
. Gallery lt helps you to store all photos and videos and . Home button This brings you back to the home screen.
arrange them into albums.
. Earpiece This helps you to listen to voice calls.
. Maps This app helps you to find directions where you want . Volume buttons This helps you to increase or reduce the
to go. It uses GPS (Global Positioning System). sound of your mobile.
. Browser It allows you to open a browser to search and visit
diferent websites. Basic Features of a Mobile Device
Clock This app shows the time and also sets alarm, timers Some of the basic features present in all mobile devices
etc. are given below:
. Messages This app is used to send and receive SMS " Bluetooth It is a short range wireless technology which
messages.
helps you to connect with other devices. Other device
Music This app allows you to play songs and music. should be within 30 feet of where you are. Once
Differences between a smartphone and a tablet are as connected, you can share photos, songs etc.
follows:
Chargeable battery It is a portable power pack which can
Smartphone Tablet be recharged. It allows you to use the mobile device
Used as a wireless portable anywhere.
Used as a phone but with personal computer with a
Some additional features
. WiFi It is a wireless network technology that helps you
touchscreen interface which
SUch as camera. makes it more useful than connect to the local area network. This is used to connect
notebook computer. to the Internet.
Screen size is small. Has a big screen. " Cellular network connectivity It provides the network
Watching a movie or Watching videos and through which you can make calls.
()changes to a picture ismakingmaking changes to a photo
is better and easier due to Global Positioning System (GPS) It is a navigation
difficult.
bigger Screen si0ze. (direction finding) system that helps you to navigate, find
Comes with differeht storageUsually have higher storage direction and maps to specific locations.
capacities. capacity.
Home Screen of a Mobile Device
Check Point 01
1 N
The home screen is the first (start) screen of a mobile
device. There are three main parts of the home screen as:
and Radio are being used as an ICT tool. (True/False) (i) Top The top part of the screen is called the status
Commonly found application(s) on phone is/are
(a) Gallery (b) bar. It displays icons to show the network signal,
These days mostBrowser
3 (c) Clock (d) Allof these
of the people use television for battery life, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity,
Write any use of ICT at 3G/4G status etc.
S
What is app? workplace.
 Allinone information Technology
cClas
(n) Middle This is the main part of
the screen that
consists of icons/shortcuts to the applications.
Parts of Computer System
icons can be placed anywhere youwant. These Parts of acomputer are as follows:
(i) Bottom This is the lower part of the screen (i) Input Devices (Unit)
which is
called the Dock. The apps in this area can always
been (i) Output Devices (Unit)
scen even if we move to a
different pages. (iii) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Basic Gestures Used (iv) Memory Unit
Gestures are used to interact with the touchscreen of your 1. Input Devices
mobile device. For example, instead of clicking a mouse to
open an App, you tap on the touchscreen. An input device is a hardware device that sends data
the computer system. These devices are used to inDs
Some of the gestures are as follows: enter) data and instructions into the computer system
Tap Touch the screen with your finger, once, to instructions are accepted by the CPU through elecr
" Tap and hold This is similar to click.
right clicking your mouse. pulses from various kind of input devices. Some of
" DragTo tap, hold and move your input devices are Keyboard, Pointing Devices, Scan
finger across the screen.
Swipe To slide finger to the right, left, up or down of the MICR, OCR, OMR, Barcode Reader, Microphone (V
screen like turning a page. Web Camera, Digital Camera, Biometric Sensor, Sr
Double tap To tap twice quicklythis is to zoom out Card Reader, which described below:
(increase the size) of something.
" Pinch To bring thumb and finger 1. Keyboard
together on the screen
to zoom in (reduce the size). e.g. to make a It is the most commonly used input device which use:
smaller.
picture appear arrangement of buttons and keys. Both data and prog
can be entered into the computer through the keyboar
is an essential device for interactive processing because
Check point 02 user can easily issue commands to receive the
response immediately on the computer screen.
helps youto listen to voice calls. Function keys
(a) Earpiece (b) Microphone
(C) Mic (d) Speaker
2
A/An onwhich we perform function by touching with our
fingers on phone.
What is the use of bluetooth?
Define pinch the basic gesture of mobile device. Alphanumeric Cursor control Numeric
5 keys keys keypad
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. (True/False)
Layout of a Keyboard

Computer System Types of Keys on Keyboard

A computer system is a programmable machine designed " Function keys Keys labelled from Fl to F12 are functi
to store and retrieve information and perform arithmetic keys. Youuse them to perform functions. Their functio
and logical operations to produce meaningful results in differ from program to program. The function key Fl
desired format. most programs is to get help on that program.
The term computer is derived from the Latin word " Control keys Keys such as Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Tab are spe
'Computare' which means 'to calculate'. control keys that perform special functions depending
when and where they are used.
The basic functions of a computer system are to accept the
input, process the input, display the output and to store " Enter key The label on this key can be either Enter
data. Return depending on the brand of computer thatbeginni
you
using. You use them to move the cursor to the
Note The I/O devices that are attached externally to the of a new line. In some programs, it is used to sel
computer machine are called peripheral devices. commands and to confirm a task on a computer.
BasicICTSkills-/ 43

Punctuation keys These include keys for punctuation screen. The mouse allows youto select an item on the
markssuch as colon (), semicolon (:), question mark (?), screen. When you click a particular file, it gets
singlequotation mark( double quotation mark (" ") etc.
"), selected.
Navigation keys Some keys such asthe arrow keys, Home, " Drag and drop To move an item, you need to click it,
Eod PageUp and PageDown are navigation keys. The and then holding the mouse button down, move the
Home and End| kevs move the cursor to the left and right item to a new location. After you move the item to the
end of a line of text, respectively. The PageUp and new location, you release the mouse button. This
DaceDown keys are used to move one page up and one called drag and drop.
nage down, respectively. " Double click It means to quickly click the left mouse
Command keys Some keys such as Insert, Delete and button twice. When we double click the file icon, it
Backspace are command keys. When the Insert key is will open the file.
nurned ON, it helps you overwrite characters to the right (ii) Joystick It is a pointing device that
moves in all directions and controls the
of the cursor. The Delete key and Backspace key are used movement of the cursor. A joystick is
o remove typed characters and other objects on the right similar to a mouse excepts that the
and left side of the cursor respectively. movement of cursor on screen stops
Windows key It opens the Start menu. working as soon as user stop moving the Joystick
mouse. But with a joystick, the pointer
.Pointing Devices continuous moving in the previously pointing
direction.
Apointing device is used to communicate with the
computer by pointing to the locations on the monitor. Commonly, joysticks are usd for playing computer
It can also be used for games like flight simulators but occasionally used for
CAD/CAM systems and other applications.
. sending command signals to the computer. (ii) Light Pen It is a handheld
. selecting items on the screen.
. selecting commands from command menu. electro-optical pointing device, which is
used for making drawings, graphics and
. drawing graphics, sketches, etc. for menu selection. It senses the light
Some commonly used pointing devices are mouse, from the screen when it becomes closer
joystick, light pen, graphics tablet, touch screen and and generates a pulse. Light pen is used
trackball, which described below : especially in Personal Digital Assistants Light Pen
) Mouse It is a pointing device that allows to control the (PDA). It is very useful in identifying a
movement of pointer (also known as mouse pointer) specific location on the screen.
on screen. Mouse performs various functions by (iv) Graphics Tablet A graphics tablet (or digitisers,
detecting two-dimensional motion relatively to its digitising tablet, or simply tablet) is an input device
supporting surface. Generally, a mouse has two that consists of an electronic writing area and a special
buttons-right button and left button. pen that works with it.
Mouse also includes a scroll wheel It allows artists to create
between these two buttons to scroll hand-made images and graphical
down the application window and their images with motion and action,
Contents aiso. These are three types of similar to the way a person
mouse as - Wireless mouse, Wired Mouse draws images with pencil and
Mechanical mouse, Optical mouse. paper. When user draws
Graphics Tablet
Some actions or functions of mouse are anything on the tablet with the
as follows: special pen, the drawing appears on the screen.
Roll over/hover Some actions can be Graphics tablet may also be used to capture data or
done by simply rolling over Wireless Mouse handwritten signatures.
hovering an object. When you bring (v) Touchscreen It is an electronic visual display that can
detect the presence and location of a touch within the
ne mouse over a file, it will show the details of that display area. The term touch screen generally refers to
file.
Point and click As you move the mouse on yourrdesk, touching the display of the device with a finger or
hand.
a
pointer moves correspondingly on your computer's
 Allinone Information Technology
44 Class
only. The ype font E3 B, a standard typographical
or identification mark,
The tmhecteen sends n is used to print the characters
igal to the conputer.
Thts signal ehves the
V.It isOCR (Optical Character Recognition)
location on the screen. used to translate scanned images of handwr1t.
which hns heen touched. typewritten, printed text or special type font printed
Touch Screen
Touchscreen is quick and conventional paper
with conventional ink
simple to ttse Generally. machine encoded text. OCR is widely used to conye
smartrhohes hve n highresolution capacitive totch to compu.
sCTeen books and documents into electronic files,
to publish the
There re different rypes of touchscreens available a recordkeeping system in an office or
on a website.
with electroni devices like capacitive touchscreen.
reststive touchscreen and gorilla glass touchscreen, etc.
(vi) Trackhall lt s designed tot computers, generally serves
as mouse replacement. It is primarily used to move the
cursor on the screen. The trackball has a ball on its
top. Trackhall can be rolled with fingers and the
internal rollers sense the motion, which is transmitted OCA
to rhe computer.
An optical reader uses photoelectric devices to scan
Trackthalls are common on CAD characters being read and convert the reflected lie
workstations and sometimes seen on
patterns of the data into binary data suitable for comp1
computerised special purpose work
stations, such as the radar consoles in
input. The normal speed of an OCR is 1500 to 30
characters per second.
an airtraffic control room or sonar
equipment on a ship or submarine.
Trackbal The technology is being developed for greater accur
recognition and is also known as Intelligent Charac
I Scanner Recognition (|CR).
It is an input device that makes copies
and reproduces text and images and VI. OMR (Optical Mark Reader)
convert it into a digital file, allowing the OMR is the process of detecting the presence of intend
computer to read or display the marked responses. OMR is mainly used to detect marks
scanned object. Scanners can be used Scanner a paper. It uses abeam of light that is reflected on
for storing the documents in their paper with marks, to capture presence and absence of dz
orginal form that can be modified and manipulated later (Marks).
on. It is mainiy used to convert a scanned document in a CMRSSFs

dgital format.
Scanners come in avariety of sizes from hand held models
to desktop models as Handheld scanners, Flatbed scanners
and Drum scanners.

IV. MICR (Mognetic Ink Character OMR

Recognition) The OMR reader interprets the patterns ot marks int

It is a character recognition technology which is primarily data record and sends this to the computer for storn
used by che banking industry to
facil1tate the processing of cheques. This analysing and reporting. OMR is widely used to read
answer of objective type tests, voting applications
technology allows the computer to read other evaluations studies.
nformation (such as account numbers)
on printed documents. VI. Barcode Reader
MICR
MICR can read upto 2400 It is an input device used for reading printed bar cou
documents/m1n. The MICR coding (Universal Product Code) available on product to be so
systen contains 14 characters (4 special symbols and 10 A barcode reader emits a beam of light, which reflects
decimal d1g1ts) So, it can recognise these 14 characters the barcode image.
BasicICTSkills-! 45

sensitive detector in the barcode reader identifies WiFi to the computer system. After connecting webcam
Alight
nhancode image by recognising to a computer, you need to install a required software or
specialbars at both the ends of the drivers.
image
Ohe ode sidentified, it is converted X. Digital Camera (Digicam)
numerieccode. Aperfect example It is an input device that stores the pictures or videos in an
intoa Barcode Reader
hanode reader is its use in a super electronic format instead of film. There
market where barcode scanner reads are several features that make digital
product.
the price ofa camera a popular choice, when
4 harcode is a machine readable representation of compared to film cameras. Most
intormation in the form of stripes of dark and light ink. enjoyable feature is the LCD display on
the digital camera. This display allows
VIL.Microphone (Mic) users to view and save photos or videos
We can send sound to the computer through a special after the picture or video has been
manual input device called microphone or mic. A mic taken, that means, if you take a picture Digital Cameras
converts the received sound into computer's format, and don't like the results, you can delete
which is called Digitised Sound or Digital Audio. To it, or if you like the picture, you can save it and easily show
convert avoice into digital form, an additional hardware is it to other people.
alwavs needed which is known as Sound Card.
XI. Biometric Sensor
Sound is used most often in multimedia, where user can
make his/her presentation more attractive using recorded It is a device which recognises physical or behavioural
narration, music or sound effects. traits of an individual. Biometric
sensors are mainly used marking
Amicrophone can be attached to a attendance of employees/students in
computer to record sound. organisations/institutions. Biometric
Now-a-days, microphones are also Biometric Sensor
sensors are working with accuracy, so
bheing used with speech recognition these can be widely used in security
software. This means that you do purpose.
not have to type the document, Microphone
rather just have to speak and the XIl. Smart Card Reader
spoken words appear in your document. It is a device which is used to access the microprocessor of
a smart card. There are two kinds of
X. Web Camera (Webcam) smart cards. Memory cards the cards
Webcam is a digital camera attached to computers and can which contain only nonvolatile memory
be used for video conferencing or online chatting, etc. It is storage components and some specific
avideo capturing device. Webcams are able to capture full security logic. Microprocessor cards
motion videos as well. A webcam connected to a computer contain volatile memory and
allows the user to view either a still picture or motion microprocessor components. The card is Smart Card
ideo of a user or other object. made-up of plastic generally PVC. Smart Reader
Webcam cards are used in large companies and
organisation for strong security authentication.
2. Output Devices
An output device is a part of computer hardware
equipment, used to communicate the results of data
Webcam Attached Webcam
processing which are carried out by the information
with Computer processing system (such as a computer), to the outside
Web Camera world. Output devices carry the results of various
Nowadays, webcams are either embedded into the display
with
operations performed by the user. Output device makes it
possible to view or print data.
laptops or connected via USB or firewire port or
46
Allinone Information Technology Clas 9h
Some of the devices, which are used
to display the These printers are comparatively faster
processed result or output are Monitor, Printer, high quality output. They can be used for and
Speaker, Headphone, Projector, Speech
explained as below :
Plotter,
synthesizer which printiprnogduc:ten
and graphics both in black & white and colored

I. Monitor/VDU II. Plotter

A monitor (called a It is an output device similar to a
electronic visual deviceVisual Display Unit,
used to display the VDU) is an printer that uses a pen, pencil, marker
or other writing tools to make a design.
rectangular area of the monitor, its refresh rate output. The
pitch, all directly affect the and dot Plotters are generally used to generate
A monitor is of two kinds : resolution of the display. the map of building and shopping
and Color display
monitor.
Monochrome display monitor malls. A plotter is a computer printing Plotter
device for printing vector graphics. In the past, plotte
A monochrome display were widely used in applications such as Computer Aide
display text and color display monitor uses only one color to
monitor can display 256 Design (CAD) and other printing jobs. Though, they ha
colors at a time. generally been replaced with wide-format convention:
An image on the monitor is printers.
dots, also known as pixels. created by a configuration of
The clarity of image depends on three V. Speaker
factors : It is an output device that receives the
Resolution of Screen Resolution refers to the number of Sound in the form of electric current
pixels in horizontal and vertical directions. The
of monitor is higher when the pixels are resolution from the sound card and convert it into
closer together. sound format. Speakers are used for
Dot Pitch It refers to the diagonal
distance between two listening music. Computer speakers Speaker
colored pixels. The smaller the dot pitch, the better the (multimedia speakers) are the speakers,
resolution. which are attached internally or externally to a comput
Refresh Rate The refresh rate of a monitor is the system.
maximum number of times the image on screen can be
drawn or refreshed per second. V.Headphones
I. Printer These are a pair of small loudspeakers or less
commonly a single speaker, held close to a
It is an output device which produces a hard copy of user's ears and connected to a signal source
documents that are stored in an electronic form on such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player
physical print media such as paper or transparencies. So, or portable media player. They are also
printers are the primary output devices used to prepare known as stereo phones, headsets or cans. Headphne
permanent documents.
The speed of a printer is normally rated either by Pages Per VI. Projector
Minute (PPM) or by Characters Per Second (CPS). Printer It is an output device which is used to project
informati
resolution is a numerical measure of prínt quality that is from a computer onto a large screen, so it can be
viewed:
measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI). a large group of people simultaneously.
Printers can be classified into two broad categories as widely used for classroom training or Projectors dt
follows : with a large audience. It provides a conference hot
display. tenmporary Qu
(i) Impact Printers These printers rely on a forcible
impact to transfer ink to the print media, similar to
the action of a typewriter. There is a mechanical VIl. Speech Synthesizer
contact between the paper and the print head. It is used to produce sound from a text and can
(ii) Nonimpact Printers These printers are much quieter implemented in software and hardware. Atext-to-spee
than impact printers as their printing heads do not system converts normal language text into speech.
strike on the paper.
BasicICTSkills 47

Central Processing Unit (CPU) signals. In general, CU is a central part of the computer
that controls its operations and entire processing. The
part of a computer systenm that carries out the control unit is the circuit that controls the flow of data
It is the
instructions of a computer program, to performthe basic
arithmetical.logical and input/output operations of the through the processor and coordinates the activities of the
other units within it. Control unit acts like human nerves
system, which does not process data but behaves as a
SINtem.

Jis also
TheCPU
known as the brain of the computer. The
spedot CPU depends upon the type of microprocessor central unit for other data manipulating components.
d and it is measured in MegaHertz (MH:). 4.Computer Memory
of a CPU are Arithmetic Logic
Twotypical components
Unit. The computer memory is one of the most important
U'nit and Control elements in a computer system.
It is the internal or external storage area, which holds the
IArithmetic Logic Unit data and instructions during processing in the form of
In computing, an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a digital binary numbers.
ruit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. Memory also relates tomany devices and components that
The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central
are responsible for storing data and applications on a
nrocesing unit of a computer. ALUuses registers to hold temporary or a permanent basis. Computer memory can
ihe data that is being processed. Most ALUs can perform be classified into two types- Primary memory and
the following operations :
Secondary memory/Storage device.
.Logial Operations (AND, NOT, OR)
. Arithmetic Operations (addition, subtraction, I. Primary Memory
multiplication and division) It is also known as main memory. It is the internal memory
. Bitshifting Operations (shifting or rotating a word by a used by computer to hold data and instructions. The
specified number of bits to the left or right, with or primary memory has limited storage capacity. It holds the
without sign extension) data and programs needed at that instant by CPU. Primary
memory is volatile in nature i.e. it requires constant power
. Comparison Operations(,<, «,>, >=) supply to motion the current information.
0 Register It is the internal part of CPU which gives special There are two types of primary memory i.e. RAM and
purpose location to arithmetic logic unit and control unit. ROM.
These are used to store intermediate results obtained during (i) RAM (Random Access Memory)
the execution of instructions.
It is the internal memory that
" Microprocessor It is fabricated on a single IC (Integrated can be read from as well as
Circuit). IC is a piece of silicon, composed by thousands of written to.
transistors. RAM
MotherboardThe main circuit board contained in any This memory is often associated
computer is called a motherboard. It is also known as the with volatile types of memory. It can hold data only
main board or logic board or system board or planar board. on temporary basis because it requires a continuous
All the other electronic devices and circuits of computer flow of electrical current. If current is interrupted,
system are attachedto this board like, CPU, ROM, RAM, data is lost.
expansion slots, PCI slots and USB ports. It also includes
Controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, (ii) ROM (Read Only Memory) In
Keyboard and mouse. In other words, motherboard makes ROM, information once stored
éverything in acomputer work together. remain fixed, i.e. it can not be
changed. So, ROM can only be
. Control Unit read and used. The contents of
It ROM remain stored even if
coordiControl
System. nates theUnirinput(CU)andfetches
output devices of a computer
the instructions which
power is turned OFF. This
ROM

memory is often associated with non-volatile types of

given in the form of microprograms. It directs the memory. ROM cannot be altered once the chip has
Operation of other units by providing timing and control been made.
 48
Alinone Information
Technology Cos
Cache Memory (platters) coated with magnetic material.
of a computer are installed in hard dis AIl
disk prwiotg.hn
It is a storage buffer that stores the data that is used
often, temporarily and makes them more particular drive.
rate available to CPU at a fast
ReadWrite Spindle Sectors
The data and head
instructions that are
processing of data are brought from therequired during the
secondary storage
Head arm
devices and stored in the RAM \Tracks
Cache memory is a very high speed Platters
between RAM and CPU. Cache memory placed in
of processing memory increases the speed
Cache memory is very expensive, so it is Hard Disk Drive Tracks and Sectors
Generally,
2MB computers have cache memory ofsmaller in size.
sized 256KB to
It consists of a spindle that hold non- magnetic
circular disks, called platters, which hold the recor
II. SecondaryMemory/Storage
Secondary memory, Device
also known as Secondary Storage or
data. Each platter requires two read/write heads.
is used to write and read the information fros
platter. All the read/write heads are attached
Auxiliary Memory, is the slower and
memory. It is a permanent storage device.cheaper form of single access arm SO that they cannot
access the secondary memory directly. The CPUdoes not independently.
The information is recorded in bands, each bar
must first be copied into the RAM to becontent in it information is called a track. Each platter has thes
Secondary memory is non-volatile in nature,processed.
i.e. the number of tracks and a track location that cuts a
information does not get erased even when the power is all platters is called a cylinder. The tracks are di
switched OFF and data will not be destructed until and into pieshaped sections known as sectors.
unless the user erases it. (iit) Magnetic Tape It is a medium of data
storage,
up of a magnetic material. It is a storage medium
Secondary Memory Devices include large open reel or in a smaller cartridge or cas
Magnetic Disks Optical Discs Solid State (like a music cassette). It is used for those applica
that are based on sequential data
Floppy Disk CD Pen/Flash Drive
sequential data access medium.
processing i.e.
Hard Disk Drive DVD
Due to this (sequential data access) nature,
Magnetic Tape Blu-ray Disc are not suitable for data files that need to bethese
updated often. They are generally used to storerevise.
bac
(i) Floppy Disk (Diskette) A Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) is data or that type of data, which is not
frequently
a computer disk drive that enables a user to save data or to transfer data from one system to
on removable diskettes. This portable storage device is (iv) Compact Disc (CD) It is an optical media
another.
a rewritable media and can be reused a number of to store digital data. It is that is
times. It is made of plastic with magnetic coating on it. portable and round in shape relatively cheap, s
It is round in shape and is covered by square plastic made up of molded polymer.storage medium whu
It consists of a ct
jacket. Floppy disks are commonly used to move files disc, which is coated with a thin metal that is h
between different computers. Although 8" disk drives reflective. Laser beam technology is used
made available in 1971 were the first real disk drives, recording/reading of data on the disc. It is also kn
.1" which as laser disc or optical laser disc, due to
the first widely used floppy disk drives 4", 5-, 4 beam technology. CD provides
the use o
1" medium for high capacity secondaryrandom
were later replaced with 3
2
floppy disk drive. diameter of the CD ranges from 10cms tostorage.
30cms. O
However, today these drives are replaced with CD-R CD can store 600 MB to 750 MB.
and other writable disk drives and flash drives. (v) Digital Video Disc (DVD) It is also
known 2Stora
(i1) Hard Disk Drive A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a Density (SD) disc. A DVD is an optical disc Phit
nonvolatile and random access digital data storage media manufactured for the by of
time DVDs
device. It is a data storage device used for storing and Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic first
in 1995. whilehavt
retrieving digital information using rotating disks higher storage capacity than Compact discs
the same dimensions.
BasicICTSkills-! 49

Depending upon the disk type, DVD can store several Rilobyte (KB) It is actually2°bytes or 1 KB 1024 bytes)
Gigabytes of data (4.7 GB-17.08 GB). DVDs are Megabyte (MB) It Is actually 220 bytes or 1MB 1024 KB.
nrimarily used to store music or movies and can be Glgabyte (GB) It is actually 2° bytes or IGB 1024 MB.
loved back on your television ot on the computer
oo, They are not rewritable media. Terabyte (TB) It Is actually 2°bytes or 1 TB 1024 GB.
A Blucay Disc (BD) It is an optical disc storage medium " Petabyte (PB) It s actually 20 bytes or IPB 1024 TB.
designed to recapture the data normally in DVD 1024 PB.
format. Blu-ray discs contain 25 GB (23.31 GB) per " Exabyte (EB) It is actually2® bytes orI 2B
laver space. The name blu-ray disc refers to the blue " Zettabyte (ZB) It Is actually 2°bytes or 1ZB 1024 EB.
aser used to read the disc, which allows information Yottabyte (YB) It is actually 2*° bytes or 1YB 1024 ZB.
o be stored at a greater density. Blu-ray can hold
almost 5times more data than a single layer DVD. Brontobyte It is actually 2° bytes
or 1Brontobyte = 1024 YB
) Pen/Flash/Thumb Drive A flash drive is a data Geopbyte It is actually 2° bytes
storage device that consists of flash or 1Geopbyte = 1024 Brontobyte.
memory (USB memory/key Geopbyte is the highest and bit is the smallest memory
memory) with an integrated, measurement unit.

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

interface. USB flash drives are
typically removable, rewritable and
physically much smaller than a Pen Drive Check point 03
floppy disk. A USB flash drive, 1 1GBequals to
thumb drive or pen drive is a portable drive that is
(a) 1024 MB (B) 1024 KB
same as the size of your thumb that connects to the
computer USB port. Today, flash drives are available (c) 1024 Byte (d) 1024 TB
2 MICR stands for
in various storage capacities as 256 MB, 512 MB. 1
GB, 4GB, 16 GB, 64 GB, etc. Flash drives are widely 3 Name the types of printer.
used as an easy and small medium to transfer and 4 The speed of CPU depends upon microprocessor. (True/False)
store the information from the computers. 5 Give any one difference between RAM and ROM.
(vii) Memory Stick It is USB-based flash memory drive. A
family of flash memory cards from Sony designed for
digital storage in cameras, camcorders and other
Ports and Connections
handheld devices. Capacity of memory stick varies The slots or channels into which we connect the
from 4 MB to 256 MB. mouse/keyboard/external hard disk wires are called ports.
Thus, ports help us to connect input, output and storage
devices in a computer system.
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect
Memory Stick a computer to an external devices and networks.These are
. Universal Serial Bus (USB) port generally connects
Basic Unlts of Measurement peripheral devices, such as a mouse or a keyboard or a
When user uses a RAM, ROM, Floppy disk or Hard disk, the printer to a computer using the cable.
data is measured using some units. In computer Display port connects the monitor or any display unit to
terminology, they are called Nibble, Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, the computer using the cable. These can be of different
Gigabyte etc.
Units of Computer Memory Measurements types, like Video Graphics Array (VGA) and High
Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), depending on
. Bit (Binary digi) The smallest unit of data.
It is elther O or 1
the requirement.
Nibble Agroup of 4 bits or half a byte.
Audio ports help to connect microphone, speakers and
headphones to a computer system. Often, the speaker and
bye Agroup of8 bits. A byte can represent 256 (2) headphone port is called the line out port, i.e. it is meant
aistinct values, such as the integers from 0 to 255. Each
keyboard character is represented through atleast 1 byte. for sound output.
50
Allinone irtormation

tohernet pt ie jaed for comne ting the yaem wbud Login

aeed neetable
and LogoUT
When muliple users use the sarne ompute,
"he
P'wer pt ie ned fen enneingthe cmptet yete mt
we pply has his/her own files and applications. To
nobody else sees other's work, each user shenk
loginlDs and password.
Basic Computer Operations Alogin and password is like a key to
them to use the conputer.
Computer Hardware and Software When user login to the computer with his/her
A mper ayatem onista f two main partsthe and password, the computer knows that the
hanware and the ofrware. authorized user and allows them to work on aprl.
he physieal parte that we can see and touch are called the in the comnputer.
hardware. I in he machinery of a computer.
e Keylond, Mose, Monitor, CPUetc. Once they finish working, they must log out or sig,,
The software that we cannot see and makes the hardware that noone else carn see their work.
work the way we want. I in colection of computer shutting Down a Computer
pgama, poxedures ANd related data that provide the
inatructions for telling a coputer what to doand how to In Ubuntu operating systerm, user can shut dor
do it computer byclicking "Systerns" at the top right and
eg The monitor in a hardware. When we start a program, click on Shut Down option.
itin dinplayed on the monitor. This in done by the software When user clicks Shut Down, the operating syster
whch dinplays things on montor. Hardware would not be close all the applications and turn off the computer
of any use without the software.
The mot important software in any computer is the Need to perform basic file operations
Operating System (OS). This is the software that starts Information on a computer is stored in electronic
working an NOon as we switch ON a computer. It displays which can be put into separate folders. It is easi
the desktop on the monitor. manage the electronic files as they can be simply cot
Some of he most commonly used operating systems for moved, renamed or even deleted.
laptops and desktop are Ubuntu, Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS etc.
Mobile devices also have operating system that helps them Files and Folders
perform their functions. Sone of the mobile operating All information stored in a computer is kept in t
Nystems are Apple iOS and Google Android. Different types of files store different types of informat
Each file is given a file namne and has a file name extens
Starting a Computer that identifies the file type.
When acomputer is switched ON, it pertorms some basic The file name and file name extension are separated
processes or functions, before it is ready to take period or a dot (.).
instructions from the user.
For example, a document created using Notepad will
To start acomputer, press the Power (O button on the extension .txt.
CPU, This will start the Windows operating system and
display the windows desktop on the monitor. There are other types like .doc, .xls, etc. An image
usually has an extension .jpg, while a sound file usuly
BasicFunctions Performed when a .mp3. Afolder is a location where a group of files a
Computer Starts stored. A folder within a folder is called sub folder.
Aconputer automatically runs a basic progranm called
BIOS (Basic Inpu/Output System) as soon as it is
Creating a File
switched ONor the power button is pushed ON. (Using a Text Editor in Ubuntul
The BlOS fist does a selftest. If the selftest shows that the Let us create a new file using a text editor in Ubund
search
SIstem is fine, the BIOS will load the operating system. " To open a text editor, type editor in the
This means that the computer's operating system, is now box. Then double click the text editor option. I
ready to rake inputs trom theuser. open a blank document.
BasicICT Skills 51

NoteIn Windows, you can open the Notepad and type in the (iv) Social Networking You can share your interests,
knowledge and stories with your farnily, friends,
text.
relatives etc around the world. e.g. Facebook, Twitter
add text.
. Here youcan etc.
the ile click Save. In Save As dialog box, browse to
. Tosave (v) Online Shopping You can buy and sell things such as
che Deskteop folder, type the name and click Save button. books, electronic goods, clothes, shoes etc over the
Internet. You can also pay for these things via digital
modes of payments such as wallets, plastic cards or
ChecklPoint04 through e-Banking etc.
two port
(vi) Online Booking You can book movie tickets, hotels,
1 Name any bus/trainplane tickets etc using Internet.
. Some Commonly used OS
is/are
(vii) Online Learning There is a number of courses
(a) Ubuntu (b) Windows available onlinesome are free while others are paid.
(c) Mac OS (d) All of these
Acomputer consists of two main parts are
(vii)Online Banking You can do banking operations, like
checking details of your bank account or transferring
To start a computer, press the Power button. (True/False)
money from one account to another through mobile
banking/ NEFT/RTGS.
Communication and Connectingtothe Internet
Networking To connect to the Internet, there is need following:
(a) A device, such as a computer, laptop or mobile.
Basics of Internet (b) A connecting device, i.e. a modem.
The Internet is a huge network of computers around the
world. Using the Internet you can get any information that Internet Service Provider ((SP)
is stored in aweb page on the World Wide Web. With the It is a company which provides the Internet connectivity
help of the Internet, you can gather a lot of knowledge using the phone lines or a wireless network.
which is available on it. The knowledge is stored in a big
library/'storehouse, called the World Wide Web (WWW)
or the web. Types of Connections
There is two types of Internet connection as:
WWwW is a collection of different websites that you can
view if you are connected to the Internet. You can also use (a) Wired connections When our computer is connected
these websites to buy something, watch moies, read to the Internet using a wire or cable, it is called a
books, learn new skills, educate yourself, find the best wired connection. We use Ethernet cables (cables used
colleges to study further etc. for connecting to the Internet) to connect to the
modem which connects to the ISP using a phone line.
Uses of the Internet (b) Wireless connections Computers can also be
There is no limit to what you can do online,but some of connected to the Internet using wireless technology.
the most common uses of ntefnet are as follows:
Laptops need a wireless Internet card to connect to a
modem with using any cables. Wi-Fi, WiMAX are the
() Search Information You can get the latest information ways to connect the Internet wirelessly.
about anything that is uploaded on the web, whether
it is result of any exam, news, a cricket match, election Bandwidth
details and many more.
It is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a
() Entertainment You can listen to music, play games, network in a certain amount of time.
watch movies, share images or videos etc using
Internet. e.g, The amount of water flowing through a pipe depends
(n) Email and Chatting You can receive and send on its thickness.
messages to others all around the world in quick and Similarly, the amount of data that your network can
Casy manner. G-mail, Outlook etc are used for receive or send depends on its bandwidth. In case of
Emailing while Facebook messenger, Whatsapp etc digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits
are used for chatting. per second (bps) or bytes per second.
 AllinoneInformation
Technology
52
Cos y
Internet Browser/Web Browser
In case of analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in To see the information on the various websites, you nee
cycles per second or Hertz (Hz). browser of
Data transfer speed over the networks is calculated in Internet browser. Internet
(Commonly referred to as browser) is an application web bro
terms of bits per second. your computer,
application software program on
1Kbps (Kilobits per second)= 1000 bits per second mobile which helps to visit the various websites. It i
application for using and sharing information On the W.
laptr,
1Mbps (Mega bits per second) = 1000 kilobits per
second
Wide Web.
1 Gbps (Giga bits per second) = 1000 mega bits per that are used todav ae l
The most popular web browsers Apple
Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer,
second

World Wide Web Opera etc.

The World WideWeb (Ww) or simply the web is a Searching for Information
huge collection of information, It was introduced on Inte
13th March 1989. It is a vast network of linked Follow the below steps to search for information on
Chrome.
hypertext files, stored on computers throughout the Step 1 Open the browser, e.g. Google
world that can provide a computer user with want informati
Step 2 Type the topic about which youkey.
information on a huge variety of subjects. the search box and press Enter
Thus, it serves as a platform through which users can Tab Refresh
use or share information.
Forward/
It is made up of Backwardk
button
" A web page msn
Wewer ed ty aooR ert
Address SPORTS MONEY LIPSTYLE HEALTH

"A website key

Outtesk e NES ENTERTABMENT

. A web browser
" A system to transfer information between the web TAX YES
browsers and the web pages.
RIWS plan could

Web Page
A web page is a document present on a computer that is Step 3 The search results having the required informati
connected to the Internet. There are hundreds of web
pages. Each web page has a unique address/Mocation will be displayed.
like to the address of a house. We can use the address to In Ubuntu
see a particular web page. To view a web page, you need
a web browser on your computer. . In Ubuntu operation system, click the Firefox icon from
menu bar to open the Firefox Mozilla browser.
Website Search the information which you want.
A group of web pages that follow the same theme and
are connected together with hyperlinks is called a Hyperlinks
website. There are hyperlinks present on web pages of browser. If
Websites and web pages are written in a coding you clicka hyperlink, it willtake you to another part on
the same page or to a different page.
language that makes it possible to add pictures, sound
and interactivity to plain old text, making people's
reading experience more exciting. The very first page of Important Parts of a Web Browser
a website is called home page of that website. () Address bar (Alt+d) You can type the address/UR
e.g. http://www.carwale.com is a website while website in the bar and press Enter. The browser
http://www.carwale.com/new/ is a web page. display the page linked to that URL.
RasicICTSkills-/ 53

browsing (Ctrl+T) Tabbed browsing allows a E-mail ID or Address

6) Tabbedoview multiple pages in the same window, So, if An E-mail address is composed of two separate parts :
you
want to compare two types of computers for 1. Your personal identity or account name (user name)
example mainframe and micro, you can open the two
window.
on that mail server.
different tabs in same 2. The domain name of the mail server cofmputer on
Backward and forward buttons (Alt + Left or Right which you have an E-mail account.
(ni) arrow) These buttons allow to go back to the last page
An Email address is generally in the form of E-mail address
viewed or goforward to the next page viewed. username@domain name. Some examples of
Refresh button (F5) Sometimes, you do not see the are - [email protected], [email protected], etc.
complete page correctly. You can reload the page by In Email address, symbol '@ is used as an separator. It
clicking the Refresh button. separates your aCCount name and domain name.

Check point 05 Advantages of E-Mail

1. The delivery of messages very fast.
involves
1 Use(s) of the
Internet 2. The cost of Emailing is almost free as it Service
(a) Entertainment (b) E-mail chatting negligible amount of telephone and Internet
(c) Search information (d) All of these Provider (SP) charges.
Provider. (True/False) 3. Multiple copies of the same messages can be sent to a
2 $P stands for Internet Service sent as
group of people at the same timne and can be
3 What is the use of online learning? easily to a single person.
4 Define bandwidth in one line. 4. Pictures, documents and other files can also be
5To reload a page, shortcut key is used. attached to messages.
Disadvantages of E-Mail
Introduction to E-mail 1. Viruses attached with an E-mail could seriously affect
Electronic mail or E-mail is a quick way of sending recipient'scomputer.
2. E-mails cannot really be used for official business
messages to people using Internet. Electronic mail is a documents. They may be lost and you cannot find
message sent over the Internet from one person to them.
another. It consists of lines of text and images. The
3. E-mails may be intercepted by hackers as E-mail, before
invention of E-mail has influenced our lives and they have it is delivered to the recipient, 'bounces' between
become a popular means of communication. servers located in different parts of the world.
Files containing videos, documents, spreadsheets etc., can 4. If an E-mail is too long or not drafted properly by the
be sent along with the E-mail as attachments. E-mail is fast sender, the reader may lose interest to read the mail till
and easy to use. It can be sent to multiple people at the the end.
same time. reating an E-mail Account
Comparing between Postal mail and There are various web-portals (websites), which allow you to
create free E-mail account. eg. www.gmail.com,
E-mail www.yaho0.com, www.hotmail.com, www.rediffmail.com,
www.mnsn.com, etc.
Postal mail E-mail
Some steps for opening an E-mail account are as follows:
An E-mail address is a
Postal mail address is a digital location on a mail Step 1 Enter the URL address as www.gmail. com.
Address street, city etc., ofa Computer where you can Gmail Homepage will appear.
geographical location. send or receive an
+ g ahtys /Kcounts goog.con Sv ynhev
electronic message.
|An E-mail is written on a Googk
Writen on POstal mail is written with computer or mobile
One account. All of Google.
paper and pen. device. Sign in o concinue to Gai

An E-mail travels in a
Sent via Postal mail is sent by digital format over an
bus, air, train. Internet connection.
Postal mail is brought byF-mail comes into inbox trad

Received the postman and of the receiver's E-mail

Psao

dropped into the letterboxaccount.

outside our house.
54 Alinone Information
Technology Coss
Step 2 Click on Create an account In this window, To text box carries the E-mail
hyperlink. The
Registration Form will
Go gle
appear. the recipient, Subject carries the heading for
subject of the E-mail and the whole body of
comes within the Body option. mar
ad res:
teEmal
xt
sending an E-mail, cick on Send
For
button.
Aree

delivers to the recipient's end instantly. En

Instead of this, ifa user wants to send a file (.doc.
etc.) then click on Attach files for the attachment .pdí, tof files
There are various options which are accessible
E-mail like Text Formatting, Cc (Carbon within
Copy
(Blind Carbon Copy) etc.
Some of these are as follows :
Step 3 Fill those details which are . Cc (Carbon copy) This allows an E-mail to be send.
mandatory. You can
also skip some of the personal large number of people by writing their resper
details. addresses separated by commas.
Step 4 After completing the registration form, click on
Next step button. . Bcc (Blind carbon copy) This is Cc, except that
recipient does not see the list of people in the Bcc fiel
Step 5 Create your public Google+ profile page will
appear. If you want to create a profile, click on . Signature This is one of the basic elements of an E
Create your profile button otherwise click on No message. By this, you are often able to set a signar
thanks button. meaning a few lines of text which will be added to the
of the document.
Step 6 After the creation of an E-mail account, the
confirmation information will be given to the Attaching a file to an E-mail
user and the following web page will display on.
the browser. An attachment is a type of file such as a photo
document that you can send along with your E-mail.
maigooneoomlesbox
Tosenda soft copy in the form of attachment,follow t
Google steps :
Gmol

Step 1 Click on COMPOSE button on Gmail accour

window. New Message box will display on the
hre pogt hemot ou
SCreen.

Lean
Step 2 Type the E-mail address of the recipient in To:
line or you can also select E-mail address from
Stepgas
Chocse a eng
your address book.
(e) Ch¡ge proe

Step 3 Type the subject of the E-mail in the subjectlr

Books

info@anhantbooks com

Writing an E-mail Books

Respected Sr.
After login, if a user wants to create an E-mail click on Please Find the Atac hment

COMPOSE button and New Message window will display

on the screen.

Scl

Attach files button

end

Step 4 To attach any soft copy, click on Attach files

button (0) and the Open dialog box willdispla
on the screen.
BasicICTSkills-! 55

Select the file which you want to attach. After Receiving anE-mal
Sep 5 selecting the file, click on Open button.
Receiving mails willappear in inbox. It shows the name of
vdhahonke eom the sender, subject and a title of the main message. It will
remain bold till you open it.
Repeted Find the Atehmert
Step 1 Click on the mail to open it.
Step 2 Once you have read the E-mail, you can reply,
forward or delete the mail.
Step 3 If the message was sent to many people, you get
another option, i.e. Reply to All. When you click
this, the reply will be sent to all the people who
received a copy of this mail.
Dort dec (SK)
Replying to an E-mail Message
Sed
For replying to an E-mail message, follow these steps:
Steb 6 When the file gets attached to E-mail, click on Step 1 Open the E-mail which you have to answer.
Send button. Step 2 Click on Reply option.
Step 3 Click on Reply to all option for answering the all
Managing Folders recipients of To and Cc boxes.
There are different folders that could help you manage Forwarding anE-mail Message
and organise your Emails, which describe below:
. Inbox A place where E-mail messages are received. The To forward an E-mail message, follow these steps :
inbox is the default location for all incoming mails unless Step 1 Open the E-mail which a user wants to forward.
rules have been setup to forward messages to another Step 2 Click on Forward option.
program or folder. Step 3 Enter the names of the recipients in To, Cc and
Outbox A term used to describe the location or folder Bcc boxes.
where E-mail is stored before being sent. It gives the Step 4 Click on Send button.
opportunity to the user to review, edit and delete messages
before they are sent. Forward is used to send a copy of received E-mail to
Drafts This folder contains items that have not yet been SOmeone else.
sent. An E-mail is saved to the drafts folder when a user
composes an E-mail and then click the Saye and Close Deleting an E-mail
button. E-mail can be delete by clicking on delete icon. This will
Sent Items This folder contains all items that have been remove the E-mail from inbox and move it to the Trash
sent but not deleted. It saves all the messages that were folder. It will remain there for a few days before it is
successfully sent. removed from the system.
"Junk/Spam This folder holds e-mails that may not be
useful. Check Point 06
Trash This folder holds E-mails that you no longer need 1 Name any two attachments that can be sent through E-mail.
and have deleted. To delete an E-mail, you select an E-mail 2 Write any two disadvantages of E-mail.
and then click on the Delete button for it to be moved 3 Boc stands for
from inbox to trash folder.
4 Spam folder holds E-mails that may be useful. (True/False)
NCERT FOLDER
Check Your Progress Pg87
A. Statewhether True or False (o)
1. The full formn of ICT is
Information
Commuting Technology.
Ans. False; The full form of ICT is
Information and
Communication Technology. (d)
2. Live sports and news can only be
ICT. shown using
Ans. True; Live sports and news can only be shown . (e)
tools such as TV. using ICT
B. Short Answer
Questions
1. Give any two uses of ICT at ()
home.
Ans. Two uses of ICT at home are as
follows: Ans. (a) Phone (b) Calendar (c) Music
) People uses television for
entertainment.
(iH) We use computers and mobile phones for talking to (a) Gallery (e) Clock () Messages
cach other, sending and receiving
watching videos, playing games etc.information, 2. Write any two differences between a
2. What are the emerging skills in ICT? smartphone and a tablet.
Ans. Differences between smartphone and tablet are:
Ans. Emerging skills in ICT are:
() Develop knowledge and skills to plan. Smartphone Tablet
Comes with different Usualy have higher
(ii) Implement and manage ICT solutions to support storage capacity. storagecapacity.
emergency response.
Watching videos and
3. What are the key skills one should possess to Watching a movie or making changes to a
use ICT? making changes to a photo is better and eas
picture is difficult. due to bigger screen siz
Ans. The basic ICT skills that you need are:
(i) Knowing how to operate computers.
(ii) Knowing how to browse the Internet for collecting,
storing and disseminating information.
Check Your Progress Pg 94
A. Multiple Choice Questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b.
Check Your Progress Pg 91 or (d) that best answers to the
questions.
A. Short Answer Questions 1. What is a short-range wireless
1. Identify the following symbols and write the communication technology called?
(a) Wi-Fi (b) Internet
name in the blank space. (c) Bluetooth (d) PS
Ans. (c) Bluetooth is a short range wireless technology
(a)
which helps you to connect with other devices.
2. Which part of the home screen is visible ou
Tuesday
all pages?
(a) Status bar (b) Main icon area
(b)
9 (c) Dock (d) Clock
Ans. (ç) Dock is the lower part of the screen which a
always been scen even if we mOre to adiferent pas
BasicICTSkills 57

What does GPS stand

for? Check Your Progress Pg 109
(a)Global Positioning System A. Multiple Choice Questions
System
(b) Global Payment System
Read the questions carefully and circle the leter (a), (b), (c) or
(c) Global Program (d) that best ansuwers the questions.
(d) Global Pointing System 1. Which of the following functions are
Global| Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation performed usinga mouse. Choose and tick all
Ans. (a)
(direction finding) system that helps you to navigate,
the correct options.
Fnd direction and maps to specific location. (a) Turn on computer (b) Typing
(c) Right click (d) Drag and drop an icon
Check YourProgress Pg 102
Ans. (c, d) Right click and Drag and drop an icon.
A. Multiple Choice Questions
Dod the questions carefuly and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) 2. What is the term used when you press and
hold the left mouse key and move the mouse
r d) that best ansuers the questions. around?
1Which of the following units make up the (a) Highlighting (b) Dragging
CPU?Choose and tick all the correct (c) Selecting (d) Moving
options. Ans. (b) Dragging the mouse refers to moving its position
(a) Processing Unit (b) Input Unit while holding the mouse button depressed.
(c) Memory Unit (d) Control Unit
(e) Output Unit 3. Rearrange the steps for startinga computer in
the correct sequence.
Ans. (b, C, e) Input unit, memory unit, output unit (a) Desktop appears after login
2Which of the following are names of ports in (b) Login screen appears
(c) Power on Self-Test (POST) starts
acomputer? Choose and tick all the correct
options. (d) Operating system starts
(c) VGA (e) Welcome screen appears
(a) HDMI (b) Input
(d) USB (e) Ethernet Ans. Correct sequence is
Ams. (b, c, d, e) Input, VGA, USB, Ethernet (e), (d), (b), (a), (c)
3. There is a talent contest in your town. For B. Short Answer Questions
participating in the audition, you have to 1. Describe the functions of at least 5 types of
send a recording of a song. What would you keys.
connect to your computer to record you Ans. Functions of different types of keys:
song? ()Control Keys They perform special functions
(a) Keyboard (b) Microphone depending on when and where they are used.
(c) Scanner (d) Mouse (i) Enter Key It is used to move the cursor to the
beginning of a new line.
Ans. (b) Microphone converts the received sound into
computer's format. (ii) Navigation Keys These are used to move up and
B. Short Answer Questions down, right and left in a document.
(iv) Windows Key It is used to open the Start menu.
1. Write the purpose of the /O devices (v) Punctuation Keys These are used for punctuation
(a) Mic/Microphone (b) Scanner marks.
(c) Camera (d) Barcode Reader
2. Describe the functions of a mouse.
(e) Printer () Speaker
Ans. Refer to text on Pg 43.
Ans. (a) Microphone is used to record voice on the computer.
(b) Scanner is used to Scan/capture a paper image,
document and converts it to digital file on computer.
Check Your Progress Pgl12
A. Multiple Choice Questions
(c) Camera stores the pictures or videos in an clectronic Read the questions carefuly and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or
format.
(a) Barcode Reader is an input device used for reading (d) that best answers the questions.
printed bar codes available on product to be sold. 1. Which one of the following shortcut key is
(e) Printer heips to printout the visual output on the used to paste a file? Tick mark the correct
Paper. answer.
(t) Speaker plays back all the sound based output. (a) Ctrl +C (b) Ctrl + P (c) Ctrl + V (d) Ctrl + X
 Allfnone Informahon
58
Technology Coss
Ans, tc) Crl V shortcut key is used to paste a cutted or 2. Which of the following is a web
copid file. Crl +Chortcut key is used to copy the text,
Ctrl +P is use to print the document and Crl+ X is
(a) Internet
(c) Windows
(b) Chrome
(d) None of browser
usingc.g,andhesesh,M
used to cut the text. application for
Ans. (b) Web browser is an
2. Which of the following is a valid file extension information on the World Wide Web
for Notepad file? Tick mark the correct answer. Firefox,Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, e
(a) jpg (b) .doc (c) .text (d) .txt
B. Short Answer Questions
Ans. (d) Notepad is the text editor which has file extension
1. List the steps to search for
.EXt. Image file has fle extension .ipg and word document
has file extension is .doc. a web browser. information
3. Which key do you use to copy something? Tick Ans. Refer to text on Pg 52.
mark the correct answer.
(a) Ctrl + X (6) Ctrl +C (c) Ctrl + Z (d) Ctrl + T Check Your Progress P
Ans. (b) Ctrl +Cshortkey is used to copy the selected text. A. State whether True or False
Ctrl + X shortkey is used to cut the selected text and Ctrl
+ Z is used to undo action. 1. E-mail cannot be sent to more than one
person at atime.
Check Your Progress Pg 116 Ans. False; E-mail can be sent to large number of people
A. Multiple Choice Questions writing their respective addresses separated by coma
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or 2. E-mail is an electronic message sent over
(a)'that best answers the questions. the Internet or a computer network.
l. To connect to the Internet, the computer has to Ans. True
be connected to the
(a) Internet Society 3. Pictures, videos, audio files, and spreads:
(b) Internet Architecture files cannot be attached with an E-mail.
(c) Internet Service Provider Ans. False; Attachment such as picture, video, etc. can
(d) Large Area Network along with your Email.
Ans. () Internet Service Provider is a company, which
provides the Internet connectivity using the phone lines Check Your Progress Pz
or a wireless network. A. Multiple Choice Questions
2. What is the Internet?
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b.
(a) Phone connections or (d) that best aswers the questions.
(b) Colection of computer networks
(c) Network of computers in an office 1. Here are the steps to sign in to your Gmai
(d) None of the above account.
Ans. (b) Internet is a huge network of computers around the (i) Type username (ii) Go to www.gmail.com
world. (iüü) Click Sign in (iv) Type password
B. Short Answer Questions Choose the option with the correct order
1. Write a short note on the uses of Internet. (a) (i) > (iü) > (iv) > (ii)
Ans. Refer to text on Pg 51. (b) (ii) > (i) > (ii) > (iv)
(c) (ii) > (i) > (iv) > (iüü)
Check Your Progress Pg 120 (d) (ii) > (iiü) > (i) > (iv)
A. Multiple Choice Questions Ans. (c) (ii) > (i) > (iv) > (iii)
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or 2. Which one of the folowing statement is tax
(d) that best answers the questions. (a) You need to create an account before you
1. What do I need to get information from the can send an E-mail.
World Wide Web? (b) You should sign out of your account whe
(a) Computer (b) BroWser you are not using the computer.
(c) Internet Connection (d)All of these (c) You do not need an Internet connection"
Ans. (d) To get the information from World Wide Web, we use your Gmaíl account.
need computer, browser and Internet connection.
 59

password with (iúi) Clhck Send

your
l You nust not ahare (iv) Open your E-mail account.
others.
Inernet connection to use your
(a) (iv) > (i) > ()>(i) (b) (iv) >(1)>(ü) >(i)
()You donot need an (c) (iv)> (0) >()>(1) (d) (ii) >(i) > (i) > (iv)
A88 Gmail accoun.
Ans. (a) (iv) >(Gi) >() >(i)
an e-mail service?
. Which of the tollowing in(b) WeChat B. FIll in the blanks
(a) WhatsApp
(d) Facebook is typed for sending a
) Cmal 1. In "To " section
() Gnail message through Email.
Question Ans. E-mail id of the receiver
AShort Answer the password have in 2. The Attach button in Email often has a ....
as

1. What characters should

Email address, to make it more secure? its symbol.
A8S. lo E-mail, a password should be at least 8 characters Ans. Paperclip
Jong and contain letters, numbers and special characters, the topic of the
O. In the ......ection of the E-mail,
This will make it more secure. mail is written.
Chock Your Progress Pg 129 Ans. Subject
Questions 4 After typing the message in the main body of the
A. Multiple Choice on button to send
letter (a), (b), (c) or Email, you need to click
Read the questions carefully and circle the the E-mail.
0 chat best answers the questions.
Ans. Send
. What do you type of the "To" field? Pg 132
(a) The topic of the E-mail Check Your Progress
(b) The main message of the E-mail A. State whether True or False
(c) E-mail address of the person to whom you L. By choosing the "Reply" option, the E-mail
want to send a copyof the E-mail address of the sender of the original message
(d) E-mail address of the person you are sending will appear in the "To" field.
the mail to
Ans. True
Ans. (d) E-mail address of the person you are sending the mail 2. E-mail is an electronic message transmitted
over the Internet or computer network from
tO,

2. You want to send an e-mail message to your one user to another.

friend Sushil. In which order will you perform Ans. True
the given steps to write and send an E-mail to
him? 3. You can forward the e-mail by clicking on the
(1) Type Sushil's E-mail address, subject and delete icon.
message Ans. False: Delete icon is used to delete the Email.
(i)) Click on the Compose button

SUMMARY
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It includes a diverse set of technological tools and resources.
Gestures are used to interact with the touchscreen of your mobile device.
An input device is a hardware device that sends data into the computer system.
Output devices carry the results of various operations performed by the user.
The CPU is also known as the brain of the computer. The speed of CPU depends upon the type of microprocessor used.
i the internal or external storage area, which holds the data and instructions during processing in the form of binary
numbers.
he slots or channels into whlch weconnect the mouse/keyboard/external hard disk wires are called ports.
The Internet ahuge network of computers around the world.
tls theamount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a certain amount of time.
AWeD page is a document present on a computer that is connected to the Internet.
Ayoup of web pages that follow the same theme and are connected together with hyperlinks is called awebsite.
Electrontc mail is message sent over the Internet from one person to another.
 Exam Practice
Multiple hoice Questions
7. It is used to record voice on the conputer.
1. includes computers, Internet, (a) Projector (b) Speakers
broadcasting technologies and telephony. (c) Microphone (d) Scanner
(a) ICT (b) Browser Ans. (c) Microphone is aninput device that used to record
(c) IT (d) None of these
voice on computer.
Ans. (a) ICT stands for Information and Communication
a brain of comD.
R Which of the following is (b)
Technology that includes computers, Internet, ROM
broadcasting technologies and telephony. (a) RAM
(d) CPU
(c) ALU
2. With a you can only make calls and also knom
receive calls. Ase (d) CPU is Central Processing Unit which
(a) Smartphone (b) Android phone as brain of computer.
(c) Simple phone (d) Tablet
The bandwidth is usually expressed in
Ans. (c) Simple phone is used to make calls and receive calls. (a) bits per second (b) bytes per second
(d) None of these
(c) Both (a) and (b)
3. This is used to enter appointments,
remainders etc. Ans. (c) In digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expres
per second (Bps).
(a) Mail (b) Calendar in bits per second (bps) or bytes
(c) Phone (d) Clock present on a compute
10. ...... is a document
to the Internet.
Ans. (b) Calendar is a default app in smartphone to enter that is connected
appointments, remainders, etc. (a) Web page (b) Website
(d) Server
Which of the following is/are features of (c) Browser
mobile device?
Ans. (a) Web page is a document present on a computer t
(a) Bluetooth (b) Wi-Fi
is connected to the Internet. There are hundreds of w
(d) All of these
(c) Camera pages in a website.
mobile device such as
Ans. (d) There are various features of 11. World Wide Web is made up of
bluetooth, Wi-Fi, camera, GPS, etc.
(a) web page
5. The top part of the screen is called the (b) web browser
(a) Status bar (b) Main part (c) a system to transfer information
(c) Dock (d) All of these (d) All of the above
part of screen which displays
Ans. a) Status bar is the top signal, Ans. (d) All of the above
icons to shows network Wi-Fi, etc.
12. E-mails can be sent to multiple users along
6 Which of the following device is used to enter with the
information into the computer? (a) procedure (b) attachments
(a) Output (b) Input
(c) subjects (d) accounts
(c) Computer (d) Memory
data or Ans. (b) E-mails can be sent to multiple users alongwith the
Ans. (b) Input device is a hardware device that sends attachments, where attachment is a type of file.
information into the computer system.

Fillin the Blanks

1. Mobile phones are tools for talking to 3. Lower part of the screen which is called the
people but smartphones are more advanced.
Ans, Dock
Ans. ICT
allows you to play and listen to songs 4. Input and output devices are also called
2. and music.
Ans, Music Ans, Peripherals
BasicICTSkills 61

nort is used for connecting the 8. 1 Mbps isequal to

computer system to the power supply.
Ans, 1000 kbps
Power
As. 9 To view a web page you need a. . on
BIOSfirst does a your computer.
The
6
Selftest Ans. Web browser
Ans.
labelledfrom......... to ........ are folder holds all the E-mail you have
Keys
7function 10.
keys. started writing but not yet sent.
Ans.
F1,Fl2 Ans,Drafts

True/False
1The output display of a mobile device
is a 6. Processing unit acts like a receiver and a
touch screen. manager of a company.
True Ans, False
Ans.
ADrag is similar to right clicking your mouse. 7. Postal mail is written with paper and pen.
Ans,False Ans, True

1 Input devices bring information from the 8. E-mailcomnes into the InbOx of the receiver's
Computer to the user. E-mail account.
AnsFalse Ans, True
4Smartphones are now being used to stay 9. The Internet is a huge network of computers
connected with social media. around the world.
AMs. Irue Ans. True
5, Calls app isused tomake calls in phones. 10, Notepad will have the extension .doc.
Ans, False Ans, False

Match the Columns)

Match the following columns.
Columnl Column Il
A. Input device 1. Control unit

B. Output device Scanner

3 Hard disk
C. Memory
D CPU 4. Arithmetic logic
E. ALU 5. Projector

Ans, A-’ 2; B’ 5:C’3: D’ 1; E’4

62
Allinone Informatton Technology

Short Answer (SA) ype Questions

. What do you 10. What are the basic functions
ARs. A rahlet is a minimean by tablet?
computer
processing functions that arewith input, output and
allcombined
touchscreen, where youcan do various tasksinto one
just by
a computer starts?
Ams. Refer to text on Pg 50. performed
touching its screen 11. Howto create a new file using a
Namne any four appswhich installed on Ubuntu? text edi,
smartphones by detault. Ans. To open a text editor, type 'editor' in the
optionsearhI
Ans. Phone, Calendat, box. Then, double cdick the text editor
Camera, Mail open a blank document.
3. What is the
difference TV and radio?
Ans. Radio ix used to broadcast audio
Where you can add text.

broadcas audio visual informationwhile TV is used to

to many people.
12. What do you need to connect to the Inte,.
Ans. To connect to the Internet, you need
Name the online stores including for Android Adevice, such as a computer, laptop or mobile
phone and Apple phone. " A connection device, i.e. a modem.
Ans. Google Play Store for Android phone 13. What is World Wide Web?
Apple App Store for Apple phone
Ans. Refer to text on Pg 51.
5. What is the use of Maps app in
ARs. phone? 14. Give any twO advantages of E-mail.
Maps app helps you find directions to where you want
to go. Ans. (i) The delivery of messages is very fast.
(ii) Pictures, documents and other files can also be
Define the following. attached to messages.
(1) Wi-P
(i) Chargeable battery 15. Explain file and folder.
Ans. () W-Fi is a wireless network technology that helpsyou Ans. Files These are the collection of data stored on au.
connect to the local area network. storage media. The name given to a file or docum
(i) Changeable battery is a portable power pack which the user is called fle name. Each file has a specific
can be recharged. It allows you to use the device filename and has a file extension that identifies the
anywhere. type.
7. What is peripheral? Name any two peripheral Folders These are containers that you can use to sto
files. Folders can also store other folders, i.e. sub-fo.
devices.
You can create any number of sub-folders and each
Ans. Input and output devices are also called peripherals. hold any number of fles and additional sub-folders
Two peripheral devices are keyboard and monitor.
16. Define social
Define motherboard. networking.
Ans. Refer to text on Pg 51.
Ans. Motherboard also referred to as a system board, is the
main circuit board inside a computer. It connects input, 7. List any two important parts of a web brow
processing and output devices. It also includes Ans. (i) Address bar You can type the address/URL ot 1
controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive,
keyboard and mouse. page in this box and press Enter. The browser w
display the page linked to that URL.
List any two ports that can use to connect to a (ii) Tabbed browsing It allows a user to view mut
computer. pages in the same window.
Ans. (i) Display port It connects the monitor or any display lo. How can the E-mail be delete?
unit to the computer using cable.
(ii) Audio port It helps to connect microphone, speakers Ans. Refer to text on Pg 55.
and headphones to a computer system.
 Selt Assessment
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Smartphones can vwork on following operating system(s)?
(a) Android (b) Apple iOs (c) Windows (d) All of these
2. Which of the following basic controls help you to listen tovoice calls?
(a) Earpiece (b) Volume button (c) Mic (d) Microphone
3. Which of the following is an input device?
(a) Printer (b) Plotter (c) Scanner (d)Projector
4. Which memory depands on voltage?
(a) RAM (b)ROM (c) Hard disk (d) CD
5. It serves as a platform through which users can use or share information.
(a) Website (b) Web page (c) WWW (d) Browser

Fill in the Blanks

1. A/An ....i.sa document present on a computer that is connected to the Internet.
2. Apassword should be at least characters.
3. Connects to the in the phone and takes photos and videos.
4. The output displays of a mobile device is a
5. is a primary memory which does not depend on voltage.

True/False
1. 1024 gigabyte make l terabyte.
2. Hardware will be useful without the software.
3 Once you finish working, youmust not log out the computer.
4 Insert, Delete and Backspace are command keys.
5. E-mail is written only on a computer.

Match the Columns

1. Match the following columns.
A
A Input device 1 Projector
B Output device Floppy
C Operating
system Bar code reader
D File externsion 4 Android
E Storage 5 .txt

Short Answer (SA) Type Questions

1. What are the uses of ICT?
2. Write any twosectors where ICT used for.
3. Define Global Positioning System.
4. Give any two differences between input device and output device.
3. List any two storage devices.
6. What is online banking?
7. How can hyperlink help to switch next page in website?
8. Write the steps to forward the E-mail.