POWER ELECTRONICS

EXPERIMENT-1

Study of Characteristics of SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

AIM: To plot the characteristics of SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

APPARATUS: -

S.no Quantity
Description
1 Characteristics Kit 1

2 Ammeter (0-500)mA 2

2
3 Voltmeter (0-50)V

4 RPS (0-30)V,2A 1

PROCEDURE:

To obtain Characteristics of SCR:

1. The connections are made as per circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the regulated power supply. Apply 10V across anode & cathode of
SCR.
3. Gradually increase the gate current till the SCR becomes ON. Note down VAK, IA.
4. Now increase supply voltage gradually and IA are noted for three or four readings.
5. Steps 3 to 4 are repeated for another values of VAK say 20V.
6. Tabulate the readings in the table.
7. Plot a graph of VAK versus IA.
8. To determine Holding current IH :
i) Keep proper VAK to trigger SCR by gate current. Trigger SCR by
applying gate current .Keep sufficient load current by varying load
resistance in fully clock wise direction.

ii) To open gate circuit, now reduce load current till SCR jump to
blocking state.iii) The minimum current for which SCR
suspend under ON condition is noted which is Holding current I H.

9. Latching current is 1.5 to 2 times of holding current value

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Circuit Diagram for obtaining the characteristics of MOSFET

To obtain Characteristics of MOSFET :

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Output Characteristics:

The connections are made as per circuit diagram

1. Switch on the equipment. Keep VDS say 10V, vary VGS note down the range of
VGS for which drain current is varying for constant VGS.
2. Keep VGS constant, (VGS must be within the range determined by step 2).
3. Vary VDS in steps, note down corresponding ID.
4. Step 4 is repeated for different values of VGS.
5. Tabulate the readings in the table.
6. Plot a graph of ID against VDS for different VGS.

Transfer Characteristics:

The connections are made as per circuit diagram

1. Switch on the equipment. Keep VDS say 10V, vary VGS in steps ,note down the
corresponding drain current ID.
2. Tabulate the readings in the table.
3. Plot a graph of ID against VGS.

To obtain Characteristics of IGBT :

Output Characteristics:

1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram. (Use 20V Voltmeter for VGE,
200V Voltmeter for VCE , 200 ma Ammeter for IC 15V Power supply for
base & 35V Power supply for collection circuit).
2. Switch on the equipment. Keep VCE 10V, vary VGE note down the range of
VGE for which collector current is varying for constant VCE.
3. Keep VGE constant, (VGE must be within the range determined by step 2).
4. Vary VCE in steps, note down the corresponding IC.
5. Adjust VGE to constant while doing step 4.
6. Step 4 is repeated for different VGE.
7. Tabulate the readings in the table.
8. Plot a graph of IC against VCE for different VGE.

Transfer Characteristics:

1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram. (Use 20V Voltmeter for VGE,
200V Voltmeter for VCE, 200 ma Ammeter for IC 15V Power supply for
base & 35V Power supply for collection circuit).
2. Switch on the equipment. Keep VCE constant, vary VGE in steps , note down
corresponding IC.
3. Adjust VCE to constant while doing step 2.
4. Tabulate the readings in the table.

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5. Plot a graph of IC against VGE for different VCE

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR IGBT:

Circuit Diagram for obtaining the characteristics of IGBT

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OBSERVATIONS:

Static V-I Characteristics of SCR Static V-I Characteristics of SCR

VG1 = VG2 =

S.No VAK(V) IA(mA) S.No VAK(V) IA(mA)

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Output Characteristics of MOSFET Transfer Characteristics of MOSFET

VDS = VGS =

S.No VDS ID S.No VGS ID

(V) (mA) (V) (mA)

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Output Characteristics of IGBT Transfer characteristics of IGBT

VGE = VGE =

S.No VCE IC S.No VGE IC

(V) (mA) (V) (mA)

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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EXPERIMENT 2

SINGLE-PHASE HALF-CONTROLLED CONVERTER

Aim: To study the operation of single-phase half-controlled converter using R and RL load and
to observe the output waveforms.

Apparatus:
S.no Quantity
Description
1 Power Electronics Kit 1

2 CRO 2

2
3 CRO Probes

4 Connecting wires 1

Theory:
A semi converter or half controlled converter uses two diodes and two thyristors and there
is a limited control over the level of dc output voltage. A semi converter is one quadrant converter. A
one-quadrant converter has same polarity of dc output voltage and current at its output terminals and it
is always positive. It is also known as two pulse converter. Figure 1 shows half controlled rectifier with
R load. Figure 2 represents the MATLAB Simulink diagram. This circuit consists of two SCRs T1 and
T2, two diodes D1 and D2. During the positive half cycle of the ac supply, SCR T1 and diode D2 are
forward biased when the SCR T1 is triggered at a firing angle ωt = α, the SCR T1 and diode D2 comes
to the on state. Now the load current flows through the path L - T1- R load –D2 - N. During this period,
we output voltage and current are positive. At ωt = π, the load voltage and load current reaches to zero,
then SCR T1 and diode D2 comes to off state since supply voltage has been reversed. During the
negative half cycle of the ac supply, SCR T2 and diode D1 are forward biased. When SCR T2 is
triggered at a firing angle ωt = π + α, the SCR T2 and diode D1 comes to on state. Now the load current
flows through the path N - T2- R load – D1 -L. During this period, output voltage and output current
will be positive. At ωt = 2π, the load voltage and load current reaches to zero then SCR T2 and diode
D1 comes to off state since the voltage has been reversed. During the period (π + α to 2π) SCR T2 and
diode D1 are conducting.

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Fig 1: Single Phase Half controlled Converter

Fig 2: MATLAB Simulink Diagram

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Fig 3: Output voltage and current waveforms of single- phase half controlled converter for RL-Load

For R load the average out voltage can be found from

V0=1/π∫απVm sinθ dθ= Vm/π (1+cosα)

Where V0 - average output voltage

Vm - peak voltage
α-firing angle
Vrms-Output RMS voltage

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Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Connect CRO across the load.
3. Keep the potentiometer at the minimum position i.e. at the maximum firing angle position(1800)
4. Check the gate pulses at G1-K1 & G2-K2, respectively.
5. Switch on the AC Supply
6. Observe the wave form on CRO and note the triggering angle ‘α’ and note the corresponding
reading of the voltmeter and Ammeter. Also note the value of Maximum amplitude Vm from the
waveform.
8. Set the potentiometer at different triggering angle positions and follow the step given in (6) for
every position.
9. Tabulate the readings in the observation column.

Observation Table:
S.No Firing angle Output voltageV0 (V) Output Current I0 (mA)

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 3

SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER

AIM: To construct a single phase fully controlled full wave bridge rectifier and to observe the
output wave forms with R-Load

1. R load
2. R-L load with freewheeling diode
3. R-L load without freewheeling diode

APPARATUS:

S.no Quantity
Description
1 Power Electronics Kit 1

2 CRO 2

2
3 CRO Probes

4 Connecting wires 1

THEORY:

In the bridge rectifier the entire four rectifier is the capability of wide voltage variation between
+Vdc (av) to –Vdc (av), maximum i.e. 2Vm/ π volts. Such rectifiers find application in DC motor loads
for both motoring and electrical braking of the motor.

FULL CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R LOAD:

During positive half cycle, SCR T1 and SCR T11 are triggered simultaneously through
independent isolated gate pulses. The pair of SCR’s conducts up to π. SCR T2 and SCR T21 are to
be triggered in the next half cycle with another pair of isolated gate pulses. The triggering angle of
the pairs of SCR’s can be varied by varying the control voltages.

For R load, the average output voltage can be found from

Vdc (av) = (1/π)αfπVmsinӨdө

= (Vm/π) [-cosӨ]απ

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Vdc (av) = (Vm/π) [1+cosα]

Fig :Single phase fully controlled bridge converter with R-Load

Fig: MATLAB Simulink diagram of Single phase fully controlled bridge converter with R-
Load

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Fig: Output current and voltage waveforms of single phase full bridge rectifier for R-load

Fig: Output current and voltage waveforms of single-phase full bridge rectifier for RL-
Load(discontinuous current)

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FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER FOR R-L LOAD WITH FREE

WHEELING DIODE:

When the single phase fully controlled bridge converter is connected with RL load with
freewheeling diode during positive half cycle T1 and T11 are forward biased. When T1 and T11
fired at wt=α, the load is connected to the input supply through T1 and T11 during period α≤wt≤π.
During the period from π≤wt≤(π+α), the input voltage is negative and freewheeling diode DF is
forward biased, DF conducts to provide the continuity of current in the inductive load. The load
current is transferred from T1 and T11 to DFandthyristor are turned off at wt=π. During negative
half cycle of input voltage, thyristor T2 and T21 are forward biased, and the firing of T2and T21 at
wt=π+α will reverse bias DF. The diode is turned off and the load connected to the supply through
T2 and T21.

This conversion has better power factor due to the freewheeling diode.

The average output voltage can be found from

Vdc (av) = (1/π) α∫πVm SinӨ dӨ

= (Vm/π) [-cosӨ]απ

Vdc (av) = (Vm/π) [1+cosα]

FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER FOR R-L LOAD WITH OUT

FREEWHEELING DIODE:

When the single phase fully controlled bridge converter is connected with R-L load, during
the positive half cycle thyristor T1 and T11 are forward biased and these two thyristors are fired
simultaneously at wt=α, the load is connected to the input supply through T1 and T11. Due to
inductive load T1 and T11 will continue to conduct till wt=π+α, even though the input voltage is
already negative. During negative half cycle of the input voltage, thyristor are forward biased, and
firing of thyristors T2 and T21 at wt= π+α will apply the supply voltage across thyristors T1 and T11
as reverse blocking voltage. T1 and T11 will be turned off due to line or natural commutation and
load current will be transferred from T1 and T11 to T2 and T21.

During the period from α to π, the input voltage Vs and input current is positive, and the power
flows from the supply to the load. The converter is said to be operated in rectification mode. During
period from π to π+α, the input voltage Vs is negative and the input current is positive, and there
will be reverse from the load to the supply. The converter is said to be operated in inversion mode.

The average output voltage can be found from

V0 (av) = (1/π) α∫π+α VmSinӨ dӨ

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= (Vm/π) [-cosӨ]απ+α

V0 (av) = (2Vm/π) [1+cosα]

NOTE:

In case of fully controlled bridge the triggering angle should not increase beyond αmax (approx.
1500) to allow conducting SCR sufficient time to turn off. The maximum value of firing angle is
obtained from the relation.

E= Vm sin (π+α)

Therefore α=π-sin-1(E/Vm)

Where E is the counter e.m.f. generated in the inductor.

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Connect CRO across the load.
3. Keep the potentiometer at the minimum position i.e. at the maximum firing angle position(1800)
4. Check the gate pulses at G1-K1 & G2-K2, respectively.
5. Switch on the AC Supply
6. Observe the wave form on CRO and note the triggering angle ‘α’ and note the corresponding
reading of the voltmeter and Ammeter. Also note the value of Maximum amplitude Vm from the
waveform.
8. Set the potentiometer at different triggering angle positions and follow the step given in (6) for
every position.
9. Tabulate the readings in the observation column.
Observation Table:
S.No Firing angle Output voltageV0 Output voltage V0
(measured) (theoritical)

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CALCULATIONS:

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 4
DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER
AIM: To study the open loop analysis of of DC-DC Boost Converter and observe the output
waveforms

APPARATUS:

S.no Quantity
Description
1 DC-DC Converter Kit 1

2 CRO 1

2
3 CRO Probes

4 Connecting wires 8

THEORY:

A boost converter is also known as a step-up converter. It is a type of DC-DC converter that
increases the input voltage to a higher output voltage. Generally, It is used to including power
supplies, battery chargers, and renewable energy systems. The boost converter consists of several
key components like, an inductor, a diode, a capacitor, and a switch (usually a transistor). These
components work together to regulate the voltage and provide a stable output.

The working principles of a boost converter involve the efficient transformation of input
voltage to a higher output voltage. It operates through the interaction of key components such as
an input voltage source, an inductor, a switch (often a transistor), a diode, and an output capacitor.
Understanding its operation typically involves two primary modes: Mode I and Mode II:

Mode I:

During this mode, the switch is on and allows current to flow from the input source to the inductor.
The inductor stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. As the current increases, the energy
stored in the inductor also increases. The diode remains reverse-biased and in the OFF state,
preventing any current flow through it and acting as an open circuit. Mode I primarily focuses on
storing energy in the inductor.

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Circuit Diagram

Fig: DC-DC Boost Converter

Fig: Matlab Simulink diagram of DC-DC Boost Converter

Mode II:

When the switch is turned off, Mode II begins. In this mode, the diode connected across the
inductor becomes forward biased. This allows the inductor to discharge its stored energy into the
load. The diode acts as a closed switch, enabling the current to flow in a loop through the inductor,
diode, and load. Mode II is important for maintaining a continuous flow of current and energy
transfer in the circuit, which ensures that the output voltage remains higher than the input voltage.
Boost converters rely on Mode II to step up the input voltage to a higher level by allowing the
inductor to discharge its stored energy into the load.

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Model Calculation:

T = TON +TOFF = 22 s +33 s = 55 s

D = TON / T = 22/55 =0.4

Vo (calculated) = [D/(1-D)]*Vs = 0.4/(1-0.4)]*3 Vo =1.98V

Calculations:

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Fig: Output Voltage and Current waveforms of DC-DC Boost converter

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Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the Supply and turn on the RPS and set the required input voltage
3 Turn on the DC-DC Boost converter kit and press the reset button.
3. Select the open loop or closed loop option
4. In open loop select the duty ratio , after selecting the duty ratio, note down the corresponding
output voltage and output current values from the voltmeter and ammeter respectively
5. Connect the CRO and observe the wave form on CRO.

OBSERVATIONS:
Boost Converter:
S.No Vin Ton Toff D=Ton/T Vo Output
calculated
Vo=D*Vs

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 5
DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER
AIM: To study the open loop analysis of of DC-DC Buck Converter and observe the output
waveforms

APPARATUS:

S.no Quantity
Description
1 DC-DC Converter Kit 1

2 CRO 1

2
3 CRO Probes

4 Connecting wires 8

THEORY:

The buck converter is a form of DC to DC converter that can take an input directly from a DC
source, such as a battery. The input could also be DC derived from the AC mains (line) as shown
in Fig. 3.1.1 via a rectifier/reservoir capacitor circuit. The AC input to the rectifier circuit could be
AC at high voltage directly from the AC mains supply, or alternatively at a lower voltage via a
step-down transformer. However the DC applied to the Buck Converter is obtained, it is then
converted to a high frequency AC, using a switching or ‘chopper’ transistor, driven by a (usually
pulse width modulated) square wave. It operates in two modes
Mode I:

when the switch is on, it is supplying the load with current. Initially current flow to the load is
restricted as energy is also being stored in L1, therefore the current in the load and the charge on
C1 builds up gradually during the ‘on’ period. Notice that throughout the on period, there will be
a large positive voltage on D1 cathode and so the diode will be reverse biased and therefore play
no part in the action.

Mode II:

When the transistor switches off , the energy stored in the magnetic field around L1 is released
back into the circuit. The voltage across the inductor (the back e.m.f.) is now in reverse polarity to

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig: DC-DC Buck Converter

Fig: Matlab Simulink diagram of DC-DC Buck converter

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the voltage across L1 during the ‘on’ period, and sufficient stored energy is available in the
collapsing magnetic field to keep current flowing for at least part of the time the transistor switch
is open.

Once the inductor has returned a large part of its stored energy to the circuit and the load voltage
begins to fall, the charge stored in C1 becomes the main source of current, keeping current flowing
through the load until the next ‘on’ period begins.

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the Supply and turn on the RPS and set the required input voltage
3 Turn on the DC-DC Buck converter kit and press the reset button.
3. Select the open loop or closed loop option
4. In open loop select the duty ratio, after selecting the duty ratio, note down the corresponding
output voltage and output current values from the voltmeter and ammeter respectively
5. Connect the CRO and observe the wave form on CRO.

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OBSERVATIONS:
Boost Converter:
S.No Vin Ton Toff D=Ton/T Vo Output
calculated
Vo=D*Vs

Calculations:

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 6

SINGLE PHASE FULL BRIDGE INVERTER

AIM: To study the performance of a single-phase full bridge inverter with R & RL -load.

APPARATUS:

S.no Quantity
Description
1 Power Electronics Trainer Kit 1

2 CRO 1

2
3 CRO Probes

4 Connecting wires 8

Fig: Single phase full bridge inverter

THEORY:

In the full bridge inverter thyristors SCR1, SCR2, SCR3 & SCR4 are connected in series with the
source. During inverter operation it should be ensured that two SCRs in the same branch such as
SCR1 & SCR2 do not conduct simultaneously as this would lead to a direct short circuit of the
source.

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For a full bridge inverter thyristors SCR1 and SCR2 conduct for positive half cycle and SCR3 &
SCR4 for conduct for negative half cycle.

Fig: Matlab Simulink diagram of Single phase full bridge inverter

MODEL WAVEFORMS:

Fig Output voltage waveform of single phase full bridge inverter with R-Load

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Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the Supply and turn on the RPS and set the required input voltage
3 Turn on the inverter converter kit and press the reset button.
3. Select the open loop or closed loop option
4. In open loop select the duty ratio , after selecting the duty ratio, note down the corresponding
output voltage and output current values from the voltmeter and ammeter respectively
5. Connect the CRO and observe the wave form on CRO.

Model calculations:

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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EXPERIMENT 7
SINGLE PHASE CYCLO CONVERTER
AIM: To construct a single phase cycloconverter circuit and study its performance.

APPARATUS:

230V input 150V-0-15V output AC step down transformer (provided within the unit),
cycloconverter power circuit with firing circuit, loading rheostat 100 ohms/2A. Digital multimeter,
CRO, Path cards etc.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

THEORY:
A cycloconverter converts input power at one frequency to output power at a different
frequency with one stage conversion. cycloconverter is used in speed control of high power AC
drives , induction heating etc.

The circuit shown is for obtaining single phase frequency divided output from a single phase
AC input. One group of SCR’s produces positive polarity load voltage and other group produces
negative half cycle of the output. SCR’s T1 and T3 of the positive group are gated together
depending on the polarity of the input, only one of them will conduct, when upper AC terminal is
positive with respect to O, SCR T1will conduct and when upper AC terminal is negative, SCR
T3will conduct thus in both half cycles of input, the load voltage polarity will be positive by
changing firing angle, the duration of conducting of each SCR (and there by the magnitude of the

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output voltage) can be varied. For the sake of simplicity it is assumed that the load is positive.
Then each SCR will have a conduction angle of (π –α) and turn off by natural commutation at the
end of every half cycle of the input. At the end of each half period of the output, the firing pulses
to the SCR’s of the positive group will be stopped and SCR’s T2 and T4 of the negative group will
be fired.

PROCEDURE:
1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of single phase cycloconverter with
Motor Load with divided by 2 frequency.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the thyristors are connected to the respective points on the
firing module.
3. Check all the connections and confirm connections made are correct before switching
on the equipments.
4. Switch ON unit.
5. The output wave forms are seen on a CRO.
6. The firing angle is varied and AC output voltage across the load is noted.
7. A graph of Vacverses load voltage is plotted.
8. Repeat the above procedure for divided by four frequency.

Model Waveforms:

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OBSERVATIONS:

Frequency divided by 2
Sl.No Firing angle α(in degrees) Load voltage in volts using RPM
AC voltmeter in volts

1. 180o

2. 150o

3. 120o

4. 90o

5 60o

6 30o

7 0o

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

RESULT:

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EXPERIMENT 8

THREE PHASE INPUT THYRISTORISED DRIVE FOR DC MOTOR

WITH CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
AIM: To construct a three phase fully controlled full wave bridge rectifier and to control
speed of the DC motor.

APPARATUS: 415 V input, 185V output or any suitable isolation transformer, controlled
rectifier module, firing unit, DC shunt motor, patch cards etc.,

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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THEORY:

A three phase full wave controlled rectifier consists of three single phase full wave controlled
rectifiers connected in such a way that all the three phase voltages are used for DC power
production. Each singlephase full wave controlled rectifier contains two thyristors or
transistors which act as electrically controlled switches. When gate pulses are applied to
thyristors, it starts conducting immediately and allows current to flow in one direction only.

The thyristors are numbered in the circuit diagram corresponding to the order in which they
are triggered. The trigger sequence (firing sequence) of the thyristors is 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 61,
12, 23, and so on.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect motor terminals (field & armature) to respective points in the power circuit &
speed sensor to feedback socket.
2. Circuit connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Connect 3 pin power cards from power unit (rectifier) to the mains supply.
4. Switch on the field supply of the motor.
5. Switch on the three phase power input.
6. Switch on the power circuit through MCB.
7. Keeping PID OFF now switch on the firing unit.
8. Set the rpm through the knob.
9. Switch on P, I, D switches, adjust the gains.
10. Load the motor up to 3 to 4A load. Note down the speed for different loads.

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11. Switch off power circuit by MCB, switch off firing circuit, switch off field supply &
remove the connections.

MODEL WAVEFORMS:

TABULAR COLUMN:

Set RPM =
SL. Load Load Running
NO. Current Voltage rpm

1.

2.

3.

4.

Note: Field supply must be switched on before applying voltage to armature.

RESULT:

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EXPERIMENT 9
R, RC & UJT firing circuits.
AIM: To trigger an SCR by using R, RC & UJT triggering circuits and observe the output
waveforms for different firing angles.

APPARATUS: -

S.no Quantity
Description
1 Triggering circuit Kit 1

2 Unearthed C.R.O 1

3 Connecting probes 1

PROCEDURE:

Resistance firing circuit:

(1) Apply 12V of AC input to the anode and cathode of SCR terminals from a
step-down transformer.

(2) Connect the anode, cathode & gate terminals of SCR to the corresponding A,
K, G terminals in the R – Triggering circuit.

(3) Connect the load of 50Ω/2A between the load terminals.

(4) Observe the variations in the voltage across the load for different firing angles (by
varying potentiometer) with the help of CRO, plot waveforms of firing signals & output
voltage for firing angle 450, 900.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

R- Triggering:

Circuit Diagram to obtain Resistance Triggering

MODEL GRAPHS:

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RC firing circuits:

1. Apply 12V of AC input to the anode and cathode of SCR terminals from a step
down transformer.

2. Connect the anode, cathode & gate terminals of SCR to the corresponding A, K, G
terminals in the R – Triggering circuit.

3. Connect the load of 50Ω/2A between the load terminals.

4. Observe the variations in the voltage across the load for different firing angles (by varying
potentiometer) with the help of CRO, plot waveforms of firing signals & output voltage for
firing angle 450, 1800.

Circuit Diagram to obtain RC Triggering

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MODEL GRAPHS:

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UJT Firing Circuits

Circuit Diagram to obtain UJT Triggering

Model Graphs:

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UJT firing circuit:

1. Apply 12V of AC input to the anode and cathode of SCR terminals from a step
down transformer.
2. The rectified output is applied to the UJT terminals through the résistance as
shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Connect the cathode & gate terminals of SCR to the corresponding K, G
terminals in the UJT – Triggering circuit.
4. Connect the load of 50Ω/2A between the load terminals.
5. Switch ON the supply for UJT Triggering circuit.
6. Observe the variations in the voltage across the load for different firing angles (by varying
potentiometer) with the help of CRO, plot waveforms of firing signals & output voltage for
firing angle 450, 1800.

PRECAUTIONS:

(1) Initially the potentiometer should be in minimum resistance position.

(2) Vary the Potentiometer gradually.
(3) Observe the output waveforms carefully on the CRO

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

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Output Waveforms:

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 10

SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH R&RL LOAD

AIM: To study the performance of a single phase AC Voltage controller with RL-load.

APPARATUS: MATLAB -SIMULINK

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig: Single Phase AC Voltage Controller Using R Load

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Single Phase AC Voltage Controller Using RL Load

THEORY:

The AC regulators are used to obtain a variable AC output voltage from a fixed AC source. A
single phase AC regulator is shown in the figure. It consists of two SCRs connected in anti-parallel.
Instead of two SCRs connected in antiparallel, a TRIAC may also be used. The operation of the
circuit is explained with reference to RL load. During positive half-cycle SCR-1 is triggered into
conduction at a firing angle. The current raises slowly due to the load inductance. The current
continues to flow even after the supply voltage reverses polarity because of the stored energy in
the inductor. As long as SCR-1conducts, conduction drop across it will reverse bias SCR-2.Hence
SCR-2 will not turn on even if gating signal is applied. SCR-2 can be triggered into conduction
during negative half cycle after SCR-1 turns off.

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PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Give the firing pulses accordingly at a suitable firing angle from the firing circuit.
3. Draw the waveforms and calculate the RMS value of output voltage.

CALCULATIONS:

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MODEL WAVEFORMS:
R-LOAD

RL- LOAD

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GRAPH SHEET:

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GRAPH SHEET:

RESULT:

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Experiment 11
THREE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER
AIM: To obtain the output waveforms of three-phase full wave half-controlled bridge rectifier
with R and RL load and with or without commutating or freewheeling Diode.

APPARATUS: MATLAB Simulink

THOERY:

The three phase half controlled converter has several other advantages over a three phase
fully controlled converter. For the same firing angle it has lower input side displacement factor
compared to a fully controlled converter. It also extends the range of continuous conduction of
the converter. It has one serious disadvantage however. The output voltage is periodic over one
third of the input cycle rather than one sixth as is the case with fully controlled converters. This
implies both input and output harmonics are of lower frequency and require heavier filtering. For
this reason half controlled three phase converters are not as popular as their fully controlled
counterpart.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Observe the waveforms and draw the waveforms

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Model Graphs:

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Output waveforms:

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 12
DC-DC BUCK BOOST CONVERTER
AIM: To study the open loop analysis of of DC-DC Buck Boost Converter and observe the output
waveforms

APPARATUS: MATLAB Simulink

THEORY:

This converter is an inverting DC-DC converter i.e. polarity of the output voltage is reversed
compared to the input supply. Thus, it is a negative-output buck-boost converter. Let the capacitor
be totally charged up before switching on the switch S. When the switch S is closed as shown in Fig. 13,
-VS + VL = 0
⇒VS=VL=Ldidt
Also,
-VC + VO = 0
⇒VO=VC
Now, when the switch S is opened as given in Fig. 14,
+VL + VC = 0
L di/dt+ VC=0
di/dt=−VCL

Circuit Diagram

Fig: DC-DC Buck Boost Converter

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Fig: Matlab Simulink diagram of DC-DC Buck Boost Converter

MODEL WAVEFORMS:

Fig: Output Voltage and Current waveforms of DC-DC Buck Boost converter

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Procedure:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Observe the voltage and current waveforms

OBSERVATIONS:
Boost Converter:
S.No Vin Ton Toff D=Ton/T Vo Output
calculated
Vo=D*Vs

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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

Result:

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EXPERIMENT 13

SPEED CONTROL OF SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR.

AIM: To perform the speed control of single- phase induction motor

APPARATUS: DC-DC Regulated power supply

Power electronics Kit
3HP Motor

Fig: Single phase inverter

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the Supply and turn on the RPS and set the required input voltage
3 Turn on the power electronics kit and press the reset button.
3. Select the open loop or closed loop option
4. In open loop select the duty ratio and note down the corresponding output voltage and output
current and speed.
5. Connect the CRO and observe the wave form on CRO.

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OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No Vin Duty Ratio V0 (V) I0(mA) Speed(rpm)

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