Section A (20 marks)

Each correct answer carries 1 mark.

1. B 8. B 15. D
2. A 9. C 16. C
3. B 10. D 17. C
4. B 11. C 18. B
5. C 12. D 19. A
6. A 13. B 20. D
7. D 14. A

Section B (50 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. a. Define the term Physics
The branch of science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their
interactions. (1mark)
b. Identify the branch of physics related to each of the following technologies
i. Bicycle mechanics (1 mark)
ii. Guitar wave and oscillations (1 mark )
c. Explain the reason why physics is science.
Physics uses systematic methods of observation, experimentation, and analysis
(1) to explain natural phenomena.(1)
(2 marks)
2. Figure 3 is a graph showing behaviour of water as the temperature changes from 0C to
100C

Figure 3
a. Name the behaviour of water shown in the graph
Anomalous expansion of water ( 1 mark)
b. Give any two problems caused by this behaviour of water
Cracking of rocks, bursting of water pipes in winter, bursting of sealed bottles
(2 marks)
c. The mass of an empty beaker is 150 g. When filled with 500cm3 of liquid, its total mass
becomes 650 g. Determine the density of the liquid

mass
Density= ( 1)
volume

650 g−150 g
¿ (1)
500 cm ³

¿ 1 g /cm ³.(1) (3 marks)

3. a. Define heat capacity.
Amount of heat required to raise temperature of a substance by 1°C. (1 mark)
 b. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 10 kg of water from 20°C to
35°C, given that the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg°C?

Q
C= , (1)
m× ΔT
Temperature change =35⁰C- 20⁰C= 15 ⁰C,

Q= 4200 x 10 x 15 (1)

Q= 630 000J (1)

(3 marks)
c. Give two application of specific heat capacity in everyday life.
Engine coolant, choosing the right materials for cooking instruments, choosing
materials to be used in thermometers, land and sea breezes (2 mark)
4. a. Mention any two relationships between work and energy
Energy enables work to be done
The amount of work done is equal to the amount of energy used.
Both work and energy have the same SI unit: the joule (J). (2 marks)
b. Describe energy changes that occur when a candle lights.
A candle contains chemical energy (1) which changes to heat energy(1) and light
energy(1)
(3 marks)
5. Figure 4, is a diagram of a pulley system used to lift an object of mass 300 kg

Figure 4
a. Calculate effort applied.

L
MA= (1)
E
MA=4(1)
3000 N
4=
E
3000 N
¿
4 (3 marks)
¿ 750 N (1)
b. Mention two ways of increasing mechanical advantage of the pulley system
Increasing the number of wheels.
Applying oil around the wheels.
(2marks)
6. The table below shows results of an experiment that a student carried out to investigate the
relationship between mass and weight
Mass (g) Weight (N)
 50 0.5
100 1
150 1.5
200 2
250 2.5

Draw a graph of weight against mass on the graph provided. (5

marks)

(1) uniform scale

(1) proper labeling of axes
(1) at least 3 correct points
(1) correct line
(1) everything correct
7. a. Define electric circuit
A closed path through which current flows.
(1 mark)
b. Figure 5 shows a circuit.

Figure 5
 (i) If S is closed A1 reads 0.6A and A3 reads 0.2A. What will be the reading of A2

A 1= A 2+ A 3
0.6 A=A 2 +0.2 A (1)
A2=0.6 A−0.2 A
¿ 0.4 A (1) (2 marks)
(ii) Which bulb will be brighter?
Both B1 and B2 (1 mark)
(iii) Give a reason for your answer in 28. b. (ii)
Electric current is shared among the bulbs (1 mark)
8. a. State the law of magnetism
Like poles repel, unlike poles attract. (1 mark)
b. Describe two ways in which magnets can be destroyed hammering a magnet, dropping a
magnet, heating a magnet (2 marks)
c. Draw the symbol of the following electrical components
Component Symbol
Fuse

Resistor
,

(2 marks)
9. Figure 6 shows a student placing a pencil into an empty container and observing it from
position X.

Figure 6
(i) What change will be observed in the appearance of the pencil when water is poured
into the container? Change in
appearance of pencil changes , it appears bent. (1 mark)
(ii) Name the phenomenon illustrated in Question 22.b.(i)
refraction(1 mark)
(iii) Complete the diagram above by drawing light rays to show how the student’s eye
sees the pencil through the water.
 (1) Bent pencil (1) rays from real depth (1) rays from apparent depth
(3 marks)

10. a. Define radioactivity.

Spontaneous emission of particles from an unstable nucleus.(1 mark)
b. State two ways how people working with radioactive substances protect themselves.
Wearing protective clothes
Eating contaminated food contaminated with radioactive materials
Limiting time of exposure to radioactive resources
(2 marks)
Section C (30 marks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
11. a. Describe an experiment to show that an electric current produces a magnetic field.
 Construct a series circuit with a piece of copper wire connecting two points of
the circuit. (1)
 Put two compasses near the copper wire AB. (1)
 Record the initial direction in which the needles of the compasses point.(1)
 Close the switch so that current can flow through the copper wire.(1)
 Observe what happens to the needles of the compasses. (1)
 Open the switch to stop the flow of the electric current and observe what
happens
 If you find that when the switch was closed, the needles of the two compasses
deflected (changed direction)then current produces magnetic field around
copper wire(1)
(6 marks)
b. Figure 7 below shows a container with water being heated from below

Figure 7
Explain how the water in the container heats up.
When the water is heated in the beaker, the lower layers of water are warmed first
(1). This part of water expands and as a result its density decreases.(1) The low
density warm water rises to the top, (1)while the denser, cool water at the surface
sinks to the bottom of the beaker(1). (4 marks)
12. a. Using a well labelled diagram, describe how a gold leaf electroscope can be used to
detect presence of charge on a body
(1) diagram
 (1) any 1 correct label

The electroscope is given a known charge (1)

This leaf of a charged electroscope rises if the object brought towards the cap carries the
same type of charge(1), and falls if the object carries the opposite type of charge (1)
Neither rising nor falling shows that the object has no charge.(1)

(6 marks)
b. Describe any two real life applications of thermal expansion.
- Removing bottle tops or stoppers: if you find it difficult to remove the stopper from a
glass bottle, you can heat the neck of the bottle. Now the neck of the bottle expands
and the stopper comes out easily.
- Thermometer: the property of liquid to expand when heated is used to make a
thermometer for measuring temperature.
- Riveting metal plates: rivets are used to hold steel plates together very tightly. A very
hot rivet (that has expanded) is pushed through the two plates and its end is
hammered over. When the rivet cools and contracts, it pulls the two plates together
very tightly.
- Bimetallic strip: is used in a thermostat to break an electrical circuit. A thermostat is
used to maintain a steady temperature in a system. As the temperature increases, the
strip bends and breaks electrical contact in the heater circuit.
- Construction: the steel used to make the rods is designed to expand at the same rate
as the concrete.
- Railway lines: A gap is left between two ends of the rails at the joint to give room for
expansion and contraction
- Space is left in filled soft drink bottles to allow for expansion of the drinks.
- Telephone and electrical power cables are installed with slack in the hot summer
weather so that they do not pull the telegraph poles over when they contract in the
winter.
(4 marks)
13. a. Explain one way that shows that matter is made up of tiny invisible particles.
When you are in chemistry laboratory you smell chemicals
Diffusion of potassium permanganate in water
When you enter a restaurant you smell food being cooked
A person wearing perfume clothes
When a person is drinking a coffee , the smell of coffee is felt in the room
(3 marks)

b. Describe an experiment to show that how type of material affects resistance using the
following materials:
 Connect a 20 cm copper wire in a circuit (1)
  Close the switch (1)
 Record ammeter and voltmeter reading (1)
 Divide voltage by current to find resistance (1)
 Repeat the steps above using 20cm nichrome wire (1)
 Then compare the resistance (1)
 If resistance is different, it means type of material affects resistance of wire
(1)
___________________________________________________________________________
(7 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER