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This document provides guidelines for incorporating quotations into academic writing, emphasizing the importance of smoothly integrating quotes using the 'quote sandwich' method. It outlines the steps of introducing quotes with signal phrases, presenting the quote, and explaining its significance in relation to the thesis. Additionally, it includes punctuation rules for quotes and examples of signal phrases and reporting verbs.

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6 views

lecture5

This document provides guidelines for incorporating quotations into academic writing, emphasizing the importance of smoothly integrating quotes using the 'quote sandwich' method. It outlines the steps of introducing quotes with signal phrases, presenting the quote, and explaining its significance in relation to the thesis. Additionally, it includes punctuation rules for quotes and examples of signal phrases and reporting verbs.

Uploaded by

newgrace700
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module: Research Methodology

Instructor: Dr. Cheikh


Master’s 2 Students

Guidelines for Quotations:

To ensure that your reader fully understands how the quote you are using supports your thesis,
you must smoothly incorporate the quote into your paragraph; otherwise, your reader maybe
left unsure of why you used the quote. The “quote sandwich” is a method, similar to PIE, that
aids you in effectively adding quotes. See below for a further explanation.

Introduce It!
Before adding in your quote introduce it with a signal
phrase and a reporting verb (See the following page for
some examples).
Ex: Robin Lakoff argues that….

Quotation
After you have introduced your quote with a signal phrase or reporting verb add in
your quote! Ex: Robin Lakoff argues that “[c]ultural bias was built into the language
we were allowed to speak about, and the ways were spoken of” (152).

Explain It!
Now that you’ve added in your quote, explain why the quote is
important. What do you think it means? How does it connect
with your thesis? (Your explanation should be at least as long,
or longer that the quote itself)

Introducing Quotations1

To guarantee that your reader clearly follows your writing, you should introduce your quotes with a
signal phrase, reporting verb, or both (as shown in the quote sandwich) rather than simply plopping
the quote down. If you add in a quote without any sort of introduction, your reader may not
understand how the quote connects to your paragraph, even if it makes sense to you (think of it as
similar to a random thought in a conversation).

Below are examples of signal phrases and reporting verbs that you can use to
introduce your quotes:
Signal Phrases Reporting Verbs
According to… Acknowledges Adds Admits
In her article… Agrees Argues Asserts
In the opinion of (author’s name)… Believes Claims Comments
(Author’s name) suggests that… Compares Confirms Declares
(Author’s name) argues that… Denies Disputes Emphasizes
(Author’s name) + (a reporting verb Endorses Grants Illustrates
from the right) Implies Insists Notes
Observes Points out Reasons
Refutes Rejects Reports
Responds Suggests Thinks
Writes

For Example:
Dwight Bolinger notes that “in a society where women and farmers are regarded as inferior,
sex differences and occupational differences become class differences” (99).

Malcolm X writes, “I was so fascinated that I went on- I copied the dictionary’s next page.
And the same experience came when I studied that. With every succeeding page, I also
learned of people and places and events from history” (89).

Elizabeth Wong comments “The language was a source of embarrassment. More times than not, I
had tried to dissociate myself from the nagging, loud voice that followed me wherever I wandered
in the nearby American supermarket outside Chinatown” (291).

Punctuating Quotes
In addition to incorporating quotes with the quote sandwich, and introducing them
with signal phrases and reporting verbs, there are a few punctuation rules to keep in
mind.

The first time you reference an article (or other text) you need to give the name(s) of
the author(s), the title of the article, and the name of the magazine or book (if you
know it).

Introduce the Author


The first time you use a quote from an article, you need to use the author’s first and last name.
(The next time you use a quote from that author, only use the last name.)
How to Punctuate Titles
Put the names of articles, essays, poems, essays, and chapters in quotation marks:

“Talking Like a Lady”


“Dialect”
“Mother Tongue”
“Black Hair”
Underline or italicize the titles of books, movies, magazines, newspapers, periodicals,
and musical albums:

Our America Our America


San Francisco Chronicle San Francisco Chronicle
The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby

The Quote Itself:


• Put quotation marks “ ” around the quote and use the author’s exact words
• After the quote, put the page number in parentheses, and the period after the
parentheses.

Other Notes:
• Insert ellipses (…) wherever you delete any words from the original quotation

• Use square brackets [ ] to add words or substitute words in the original quotation.

Lastly… ADD IN YOUR EXPLANATION!


Once you’ve made sure to punctuate your quotes correctly, explain them!! (The last part
of the quote sandwich.)

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