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The document outlines the design considerations for RCC structures as per IS 456:2000, emphasizing the importance of safety, durability, and appropriate design methods such as the Limit State Method. It details the factors affecting loads, stability, fire resistance, and structural analysis, including guidelines for calculating dead loads, imposed loads, and earthquake forces. Additionally, it provides specifications for material quality, workmanship, and the overall design process to ensure structural integrity and performance during the intended lifespan.

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5 views

code rcc

The document outlines the design considerations for RCC structures as per IS 456:2000, emphasizing the importance of safety, durability, and appropriate design methods such as the Limit State Method. It details the factors affecting loads, stability, fire resistance, and structural analysis, including guidelines for calculating dead loads, imposed loads, and earthquake forces. Additionally, it provides specifications for material quality, workmanship, and the overall design process to ensure structural integrity and performance during the intended lifespan.

Uploaded by

hamalpravesh78
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Pokahara University Office of Controller of Examination ww) Codes and Charts Required for Design of RCC Structures (Extracted from IS 456:2000 and SP-16) (For use in Semester Examination) 1S 456 : 2000 SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION 18 BASES FOR DESIGN 18.1 Aim of Design ‘The aim of design isthe achievement of an acceptable probability that strctures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance tothe effects of misuse and fire. 18.2 Methods of Design 18.2.1 Structure and structural elements shall normally he designed by Limit State Method. Account should bbe taken of accepted theories, experiment and ‘experience and the need to design for durability. Calculations alone donot produce safe, serviceable and durable structures. Suitable materials, quality control, adequate detailing and good supervision are equally ‘important. 18.2.2 Where the Limit State Method can not be conveniently adopted, Working Stress Method (see ‘Annex B) may be used. 182.3 Design Based on Experimental Basis Designs based on experimental investigations on ‘models or full size structure or element may be accepted if they satisfy the primary requirements ‘of 18.1 and subject to experimental details and the analysis connected therewith being approved by the cengineer-in-charge. 12.3.1 Where the design is based on experimental ‘investigation on fullsize structure or element, load tests shall be carried out to ensure the following: a) ‘The structure shall satisfy the requirements for deflection (see 23.2) and cracking (see 38.3.2) ‘when subjected toa load for 24 h equal to the characteristic load multiplied by 1.33 y, where 7,shall be taken from Table 18, fr the limit sate of serviceability. If within 24 h of the removal Of the load, the structure does not show a recovery of a least 75 percent of the maximum ‘deflection shown during the 24h under the load, the test loading should be repeated afer a lapse of 72h, The recovery afer the second test should be at least 75 percent ofthe maximum deflection shown during the second test. NOTE—If the maximum deflection ja mm, shows during 24h under load isles han 40P1D where [isthe effective spa ‘in mand Dis the overall ep ofthe secon in ami not secenay forthe recovery 0 be meneed. ) The structure shall have adequate strength to sustain for 24 h, a total load equal tothe charac- teristic load multiplied by 1.33 y, where 7, shall bbe taken from Table 18 for the limit state of collapse 183 Durability, Workmanship and Materials It is assumed that the quality of concrete, steel and ‘other materials and of the workmanship, as verified by inspections, is adequate for safety, serviceability and durability 184 Design Process Design, including design for durability, construction and use in service should be considered as a whole. The realization of design objectives requires compliance with clearly defined standards for materials, production, workmanship and also ‘maintenance and use of structure in service. 19 LOADS AND FORCES 19.1 General {In structural design, account shall be taken of the dead, ‘imposed and wind loads and forces such as those ‘caused by earthquake, and effects due to shrinkage, creep, temperature, ete, where applicable, 192 Dead Loads Dead loads shall be calculated on the basis of unit weights which shall be established taking into consideration the materials specified for construction. 19.2.1 Alternatively the dead loads may be calculated on the basis of unit weights of materials given in 15 875 (Pat 1). Unless more accurate calculations are warranted, the unit weights of plain concrete and reinforced concrete made with sand and gravel of crushed natural stone aggregate may be taken a8 24 Nim and 25 kN? respectively. 193 Imposed Loads, Wind Loads and Snow Loads Imposed loads, wind loads and snow loads shall be assumed in accordance with IS 875 (Part 2), IS 875 (Part 3) and IS 875 (Part 4) respectively. 19.4 Earthquake Forces ‘The earthquake forces shall be calculated in accordance with IS 1893. 195 Shrinkage, Creep and Temperature Effects If the effects of shrinkage, creep and temperature are liable to affect materially the safety and serviceability of the structure, these shall be taken into account in. the calculations (see 6.2.4, 6.2.8 and 6.2.6) and 15 875 Pant). 195.1 In ordinary buildings, such as ow rise dwellings ‘whose lateral dimension do not exceed 45 m, the effects due to temperature fluctuations and shrinkage and creep can be ignored in design calculations. 196 Other Forces and Effects Ta addition, account shall be taken of the following forces and effects if they ae liable to affect materially the safety and serviceability ofthe structure: Foundation movement (see IS 1904), Elastic axial shortening, Soil and fluid pressures [sce IS 875 (Patt 5). Vibration, Fatigue, Impact (see 1S 875 (Part 5), Erection loads [ee 1S 875 (Par 2), and ‘Stress concentration effect due to point load and the like, 7 Combination of Loads ‘The combination of loads shall be as given in IS 875 (Pan 5). 19.8 Dead Load Counteracting Other Loads and ‘When dead load counteracts the effects dve to other loads and forces in structural member or joint, special ‘care shall be exercised by the designer t0 ensure adequate safety for possible stress reversal 19.9 Design Load Design load is the load to be taken for use in the ‘appropriate method of design; itis the characteristic loadin case of working stress meshod and characteristic load with appropriate partial safety factors for limit state design. 20 STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE 20.1 Overtarning The stability of a structure as a whole against overturning shall be ensured so tht the restoring ‘moment hal be not less than the sum of 12. he ‘maximum overturning momeat due othe characteristic dead load and 1.4 times the maximum overturning moment due to the characteristic imposed loads. In ‘cases where dead load provides the restoring moment, only 0.9 times the characteristic dead load shall be ‘onsidred. Restoring moment ue to imposed Toads shall be ignored. 20,11 The anchorages or counterweights provided for overhanging members (during construction and service) should be such that static equilib should remain, even when overturning moment is doubled. is a} 20.2 Sliding ‘The structure shall have a factor against sliding of not Jess than 1.4 under the most adverse combination of the applied characteristic forces. inthis case only 0:9 times the characteristic dead load shal be taken into account. 20.3 Probable Variation in Dead Load “Tocesure stability at all times, account sball be taken ‘of probable variations in dead load during construction, repair or other temporary measures. Wind and seismic loading shal be treated as imposed loading 204 Moment Connection In designing the framework of a building provisions shal be made by adequate moment connections or by 1 system of bracings to effectively transmit all the horizontal fores tothe foundations 205 Lateral Sway ‘Under transient wind load the lateral sway atthe top should not exceed H/SO0, where H isthe total height of the building. For seismic loading, reference should bbe made to I 1893. 21 FIRE RESISTANCE 24.1 Astructure or structural element required to have fire resistance should be designed to possess an appropriate degree of resistance to flame penetration; ‘heat transmission and failure. The fire resistance of a structural element is expressed in terms of time in hours in accordance with IS 1641, Fire resistance of concrete ‘elements depends upon details of member size, cover to steel reinforcement detailing and type of aggregate (normal weight or light weight) used in concrete. General requirements for fire protection are given in 18 1692. 21.2 Minimum requirements of concrete cover and ‘member dimensions for normal-weight aggregate concrete members 40 as to have the required fire resistance shall be in accordance with 264.3 and Fig.I respectively. 21.3 The reinforcement detailing should reflect the ‘changing pattern ofthe structural section and ensure that both individual elemedts and the structure as ‘whole contain adequate support, ties, bonds and anchorages forthe required fire resistance. 21.3.1 Additional measures such as application offre ‘resistant finishes, provision of fire resistant false ceilings and sacrificial stel in tensile zone, should be adopted in case the nominal cover required exceeds 40 mm for beams and 35 mm for slabs, to give ‘protection against spalling. not been covered in Fig. 1 or Table 16. Wi “oot 15 456 : 2000 SOLID SLAB RIB / WAFFEL SLAB ‘BO% EXPOSED ONE FACE EXPOSE FULLY EXPOSED COLUMNS Column Dimension (or D) ‘Minimum Wal Tekst Fire Minimum Rib Minima a Ress Beam” = Wedth—Thclnets__ Filly 308, On ease OUR gSIe poe tance Width of Slabs of Floors Exposed Exposed Face * > a D poned os ms 150 ns 100, 150 100 100 1 mm ns 98200 160 m0 150 10 100 ee ee ee ee) Mo ns wo 100 2 wm ss 00 10 . 160 100 3 Mo 000 200 - m0 150 4 mos mts a80 ery = m0 180 Notes 1 "These minimum dimensions eae specialy othe cover given Table 6A, 2 pis the percentage of se rinfercement. Fic, 1 Mien Dnsexsions oF Renfoncen CONCRETE MEMBERS FOR Pint RESSTANCE 22 ANALYSIS 22.1 General All structures may be analyzed by the Ii elastic theory to calculate internal acti ‘Produced by design loads. In lieu of rigorous elastic analysis, a simplified analysis as given in 22.4 for frames and as given in 22.5 for continuous beams may be adopted, 22.2 Effective Span Unless otherwise specified, the effective span of a ‘member shall be as follows: 8) Simply Supported Beam or Slab—The effective span of amember that is not built integrally with its supports shal be taken as clear span plus the effective depth of sab or beam or centre to centre ‘of supports, whichever is less. : 003 b) Continuous Beam or Slab — In the case of continuous beam or slab, if the width of the ‘support is less than 1/12 of the clear span, the ‘effective span shall be as in 22.2 (a). If the supports are wider than 1/12 of the clear span (or 600:mum whichever is less, the effective span shall be taken as under: 1) For end span with one end fixed and the ‘other continuous or for intermediate spans, the effective span shall be the clear span between supports; 2) Forend span with one end free and the other ‘continuous, the effective span shall be equal to the clear span plus balf the effective depth Of the beam or slab or the clear span plus half the width ofthe discontinuous support, whichever is less; 3) In the case of spans with roller or rocket bearings, the effective span shall always be the distance between the centres of bearings. ©) Cantilever —The effective length of acantilever shall be taken as its length to the face of the ‘support plus half the effective depth except where it forms the end of a continuous beam where the length to the centre of support shall be taken. 4) Frames —Inthe analysis of a continuous frame, centre to centre distance shall be used. 223 Stitiness 223.1 Relative Seifness ‘The relative stiffness ofthe members may be based on ‘the moment of inertia of the section determined on the basis of any one of the following definitions: 8) Gross section — The cross-section of the member ignoring reinforcement; b) Transformed section — The concrete cross- section plus the area of reinforcement transformed on the basis of modular ratio (see B-1.3); or ©) Cracked section — The area of concrete in compression plus the area of reinforcement transformed on the basis of modular ratio. ‘The assumptions made shall be consistent for all the ‘members of the structure throughout any analysis. 223.2 For deflection calculations, appropriate values ‘of moment of inertia as specified in Annex C should be used. 224 Structural Frames ‘The simplifying assumptions as given in 224.1 to 22.4.3 may be used in the analysis of frames, ee at 18 456: 2000 22.4.1 Arrangement of Imposed Load 8) Consideration may be limited to combinations of 1) Design dead load on all spans with full ‘design imposed load on two adjacent spans; and 2) Design deed loed on all spans with ful design imposed load on alternate spans. ') When design imposed load does not exceed three-fourths ofthe design dead load, the load sarangement may be design dead load and design imposed load on all the spans. [NOTE — For Deans and sib contac oer spot Ao ny be seed 22.42 Substinte Frame For determining the moments and shears at any floor a roof level die to gravity loads, the beams at that level together with columns above and below with their far ends fied may be considered to constitute the frame. 2.4.21 Where side sway consideration becomes critical due to unsymmetry in geometry or loading, rigorous analysis may be required. 22.43 For Interal loads, simplified methods may be used to obtain the moments and shears for structures that are symmetical. For unsymmetical or very tall structures, more rigorous methods shouldbe used. 225 Moment and Shear Coefficient for Continuons Beams 225.1 Unless more exact estimates are made, for beams of uniform cross-section which support sulbctantally uniformly distributed loads over three or ‘more spas which do not differ by more than 15 perceat ofthe longest, the bending moments and shear frees ‘sed im design may be obtained using the coeicients siven in Table 12 and Table 13 respectively. For moments at supports where two unequal spans meet or in case wher the spans ae not equally loaded, the average ofthe two values for the negative moment at the support may be taken for design. Where coefficients given in Table 12 are used for calculation of bending moments, eistibution refered to in 227 sall not be permite. 22.5.2 Beams and Slabs Over Free End Supports ‘Where a member is built into a masonry wall which

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