Cloud computing

1. List and explain different cloud service models with

characteristics and examples.
2. Explain different cloud deployment models
3. Define virtualization list and explain the types in virtualization
4. Explain the features of virtualization
Ans: * Increased Security –
The ability to control the execution of a guest program in a
completely transparent manner opens new possibilities for
delivering a secure, controlled execution environment. All the
operations of the guest programs are generally performed against
the virtual machine, which then translates and applies them to
the host programs.
* Managed Execution –
In particular, sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation are
the most relevant features.
* Sharing –
Virtualization allows the creation of a separate computing
environment within the same host. This basic feature is used to
reduce the number of active servers and limit power
consumption.
* Aggregation –
It is possible to share physical resources among several guests,
but virtualization also allows aggregation, which is the opposite
process. A group of separate hosts can be tied together and
represented to guests as a single virtual host.
* Emulation –
Guest programs are executed within an environment that is
controlled by the virtualization layer, which ultimately is a
program. Also, a completely different environment with respect to
the host can be emulated, thus allowing the execution of guest
programs requiring specific characteristics that are not present in
the physical host.
* Portability –
The concept of portability applies in different ways according to
the specific type of virtualization considered.
In the case of a hardware virtualization solution, the guest is
packaged into a virtual image that, in most cases, can be safely
moved and executed on top of different virtual machines.
* Resource sharing:
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to share the
resources of a single physical machine, such as CPU, memory,
storage, and network bandwidth. This improves hardware
utilization and reduces the need for additional physical servers.
* Flexibility:
Virtualization allows IT administrators to quickly and easily create,
modify, or delete virtual machines as needed, without the need to
purchase and configure additional physical hardware.
* Hardware independence:
Virtual machines are hardware-independent, which means they
can run on different types of physical hardware and can be easily
moved between physical servers without needing to reconfigure
the virtual machine.
* Scalability:
Virtualization allows organizations to scale their computing
resources up or down as needed, depending on changing business
requirements.

5. What is full virtualization and para virtualisation?

6. Explain cloud computing architecture with a diagram

7. Write a note on AWS, Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure
Ans: * AWS stands for Amazon Web Services, It is an expanded
cloud computing platform provided by Amazon Company. AWS
provides a wide range of services with a pay-as-per-use pricing
model over the Internet such as Storage, Computing power,
Databases, Machine Learning services, and much more. AWS
facilitates for both businesses and individual users with effectively
hosting the applications, storing the data securely, and making
use of a wide variety of tools and services improving
management flexibility for IT resources.

* A scalable runtime environment, Google App Engine is mostly

used to run Web applications. These dynamic scales as demand
change over time because of Google’s vast computing
infrastructure. Because it offers a secure execution environment
in addition to a number of services, App Engine makes it easier to
develop scalable and high-performance Web apps. Google’s
applications will scale up and down in response to shifting
demand. Croon tasks, communications, scalable data stores, work
queues, and in-memory caching are some of these services.

The App Engine SDK facilitates the testing and professionalization

of applications by emulating the production runtime environment
and allowing developers to design and test applications on their
own PCs. When an application is finished being produced,
developers can quickly migrate it to App Engine, put in place
quotas to control the cost that is generated, and make the
programmer available to everyone. Python, Java, and Go are
among the languages that are currently supported.

* Azure is Microsoft’s cloud platform, just like Google has its

Google Cloud and Amazon has its Amazon Web Service or
AWS.000. Generally, it is a platform through which we can use
Microsoft’s resources. For example, to set up a huge server, we
will require huge investment, effort, physical space, and so on. In
such situations, Microsoft Azure comes to our rescue. It will
provide us with virtual machines, fast processing of data,
analytical and monitoring tools, and so on to make our work
simpler. The pricing of Azure is also simpler and more cost-
effective. Popularly termed as “Pay As You Go”, which means how
much you use, pay only for that.

8. What is hypervisor and explain the role of hypervisor in

visualization.
Ans: A hypervisor is a software that allows multiple virtual
machines (VMs) to run on a single physical machine by allocating
the physical computing resources to each VM.

A hypervisor is also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). It

acts as a supervisor that manages and allocates the physical
resources, such as memory, processing, and storage, to the VMs.
The physical hardware that is used as a hypervisor is called the
host, and the VMs that use its resources are called guests.

A hypervisor's role in virtualization is to manage and allocate

physical resources to virtual machines (VMs) on a physical
machine:
Resource allocation:
A hypervisor ensures that each VM receives the resources it
needs by acting as an intermediary between the VM and the
physical hardware. It relays requests for resources like memory,
storage, and processing power to the host machine.
Virtualization:
A hypervisor makes virtualization possible, which allows users to
create and run multiple VMs from a single physical machine.
Isolation:
A hypervisor isolates VMs and their programs from the physical
hardware, creating an isolated computing environment for each
VM.
Efficiency:
A hypervisor enables more efficient use of physical resources,
which can reduce costs and make maintenance and operations
simpler.
Security:
A hypervisor provides enhanced security by clearly defining
boundaries between VMs.

9. Write a note on xen para virtualisation

Ans: Xen is the most popular implementation of paravirtualization,
which, in contrast with full virtualization, allows high-performance
execution of guest operating systems. This is made possible by
eliminating the performance loss while executing instructions that
require special management. This is done by modifying portions
of the guest operating systems run by Xen with reference to the
execution of such instructions. Therefore it is not a transparent
solution for implementing virtualization. This is particularly true
for x86, which is the most popular architecture on commodity
machines and servers.