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Summary-Notes-for-Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and algae convert light energy into glucose and oxygen using water and carbon dioxide. Key components include chlorophyll, which captures light energy, and adaptations such as leaf structure that facilitate gas exchange. Common misconceptions include the belief that photosynthesis occurs only in leaves and only during the day.

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2 views

Summary-Notes-for-Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and algae convert light energy into glucose and oxygen using water and carbon dioxide. Key components include chlorophyll, which captures light energy, and adaptations such as leaf structure that facilitate gas exchange. Common misconceptions include the belief that photosynthesis occurs only in leaves and only during the day.

Uploaded by

owogiangcute
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary Notes for Photosynthesis

Learning Question: What is needed for photosynthesis?

Key Concepts:

● Photosynthesis

● Reactants: Water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2)

● Products: Glucose (C6H12O6), Oxygen (O2)

● Chlorophyll

● Light Energy

Key Terms:

1. Diffusion: Movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until


equilibrium is reached.

2. Biotic Factor: A living factor in the environment (e.g., competition, predation, disease).

3. Abiotic Factor: A non-living factor in the environment (e.g., temperature, light intensity, wind speed).

Content Summary:

1. Photosynthesis Overview:

○ Definition: A process where plants and algae produce glucose and oxygen using light energy.

○ Equation:

■ Word Equation: Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

■ Chemical Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

2. Requirements for Photosynthesis:

○ Light Energy: Captured by chlorophyll in chloroplasts.

○ Chlorophyll: A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy.

○ Water: Absorbed by roots from the soil.

○ Carbon Dioxide: Taken in from the air through stomata.

3. Process of Photosynthesis:

○ Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll.

○ This energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

○ Glucose is used for energy and growth; excess is stored as starch.

○ Oxygen is released as a by-product.

4. Adaptations for Photosynthesis:

○ Leaves: Large surface area, thin, contain chlorophyll, have stomata for gas exchange.

○ Algae: Large surface area, live in water, absorb dissolved CO2 and release O2.
5. Types of Autotrophs:

○ Photoautotrophs: Use sunlight for photosynthesis (e.g., plants).

○ Chemoautotrophs: Use chemical energy to produce food (e.g., certain bacteria).

6. Energy Changes:

○ Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction; it absorbs energy from the environment.

Common Misconceptions:

● Misconception: Photosynthesis occurs only in leaves.

○ Correction: Photosynthesis can occur in any green part of the plant, including stems and
unripe fruit.

● Misconception: Plants only perform photosynthesis during the day.

○ Correction: Photosynthesis requires light, so it primarily occurs during the day, but respiration
occurs continuously.

Exam Tips:

● Remember the word and chemical equations for photosynthesis.

● Understand the role of chlorophyll and why it’s essential for photosynthesis.

● Be able to explain how different factors like light intensity, CO2 concentration, and temperature affect
the rate of photosynthesis.

Example Questions with Model Answers:

1. Question (2 marks): What are the two main products of photosynthesis?

○ Model Answer:

■ Glucose (1 mark)

■ Oxygen (1 mark)

2. Question (3 marks): Explain why chlorophyll is important for photosynthesis.

○ Model Answer:

■ Chlorophyll absorbs light energy (1 mark)

■ This energy is used to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose and O2 (1 mark)

■ It gives plants their green color (1 mark)

3. Question (4 marks): Describe the process of photosynthesis.

○ Model Answer:

■ Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts (1 mark)


■ Carbon dioxide is taken in from the air through the stomata (1 mark)

■ Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil (1 mark)

■ These are converted into glucose and oxygen (1 mark)

4. Question (5 marks): How do leaves adapt to perform photosynthesis efficiently?

○ Model Answer:

■ Large surface area to absorb more light (1 mark)

■ Thin structure for quick gas exchange (1 mark)

■ Contains chlorophyll to capture light energy (1 mark)

■ Stomata for CO2 intake and O2 release (1 mark)

■ Veins to transport water and nutrients (1 mark)

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